为提高信息理解涉及的发光二极管的设计因素毕业设计外文资料翻译.doc

《为提高信息理解涉及的发光二极管的设计因素毕业设计外文资料翻译.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《为提高信息理解涉及的发光二极管的设计因素毕业设计外文资料翻译.doc（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 济南大学泉城学院毕业设计外文资料翻译题 目 为提高信息理解涉及的LED设计因素专 业 电气工程及其自动化 班 级 电气 学 生 XXXX 学 号 XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 指导教师 XXXXX 二一五年三月十五日- 11 -Design Factors of LED Display for Improving MessageComprehensionJoey C.Y. So and Alan H.S. ChanDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering ManagementCity University of Hong

2、KongKowloon TongHong KongMost of the previous studies on dynamic text display were limited to small screen displays and website design. So far, no studies have been found on LED (light-emitting diode) display board for optimal display method. It is an interesting question of what the best display me

3、thod is to deliver electronic text messages to the public with LED displays. In this paper, some related empirical studies concerning the various display methods of dynamic text presentation, such as text display type, number of message lines and text/background color combination are reviewed. A pro

4、posed experiment of Chinese reading task on LED display under different task conditions for determining the effects of display method,number of message lines displayed, and text color on comprehension performance and subjective preference is also discussed in this paper. According to the readability

5、 and preference ratings of the subjects given under different conditions, we can make use of the proposed experiment to investigate the best display method and color for comprehending the delivered messages, and to provide useful design recommendations of using LED displays for advertising and deliv

6、ering messages to the public.INTRODUCTIONNowadays, the use of the electronic information display systems provides an extra means of delivering messages or ads to customers or people during their travels to work in our fast-paced society. The advanced display technology offers a variety of selection

7、of colors and display methods which improve the presentation of textual information. LED (Light-emitting diode) displays have been widely used as a display output unit like a computer screen. It allows observers to read messages at a distance. The explosion of communication technology in the past de

8、cades and the increase in use of LED displays arouse the interest in optimizing effective methods of displaying dynamic text. However, in the past, researchers only focused on the studies of dynamic text display on small screens such as cellular phones, pagers and desktop phones (Chen and Chien 2005

9、, Laarni 2002) and some researches were concerned about the optimal dynamic text display in website design (Wang et al. 2003, Wang and Chen 2003, Wang et al. 2002). So far, no studies have been found on LED display board for optimal display method, in particular, Chinese reading. It is an interestin

10、g question of what the best display method is to deliver electronic text messages to the public with LED displays.The three common display methods for displaying dynamics text are: a) RSVP (Rapid Serial Visual Presentation) displays successive words of textual information at a fixed point on the scr

11、een, usually at a predetermined rate, in rapid succession; b) scrolling - a block of text moves up or down in either a relatively continuous or a line-by-line manner; and c) leading (Time Square) - presents the words by sequence and moves the string of words from right to left. In many researches on

12、 scrolling, the scrolling speed was always controllable by the operators or designers in which they moved through the document by operating a handle (Dyson and Haselgrove 2001) or a scroll arrow (Piolat et al. 1997). However, the fixed display speed method was employed in the current experiment. Reg

13、arding the vertical scrolling, text usually moves in a line-by-line manner or scrolls continuously and automatically a raster at a time up from the bottom of the screen. Since the leading method is not practical of displaying multi-line text, only RSVP and scrolling methods were tested in the curren

14、t study to investigate the effects of the number of lines displayed on the comprehension performance and preference. The presentation of short text segments in RSVP eliminates eye movements and leads to a possible reduction of cognitive load (Potter 1984).Concerning the number of message lines, Wang

15、 and Cao (2005) studied the message display format of portable dynamic message signs, their results showed that a single-line message was better than a multiple-line message. With the smaller number of lines displayed, it would facilitate readers by directing their attention to the appropriate text

16、unit in its proper order and eliminate their need to decide where and when the eyes should move next. There are some researches reporting that color contrast of the text/background of a dynamic display had significant effects on users? visual performance (Wang et al. 2002, Wang and Chen 2003). A rec

17、ent study by Yang et al. (2005) about enhancing messages displayed on a dynamic message sign showed that if only one color was used, amber or green would be much preferred over red. They also found that amber-colored messages would lead to the shortest response time and that with red-colored message

18、s, subjects would take longer time to respond to the messages. A wide range of colors is available with the LED displays, and most colors being usedare red, green, and amber.PROPOSED STUDYBased on the above literature review, it is noted that no study has been done on exploring the choice of effecti

19、ve colors or color combination, display method and number of message lines for increasing the readability of messages delivered from LED displays. To fill the gap in the literature, there is a need to conduct a research study which more thoroughly investigates these factors considering comprehension

20、 performance and subjective preference.DesignThe aim of the proposed experiment is to evaluate whether display method, row number and text color would significantly affect the comprehension score and subjective preference on LED display for Chinese reading. The factors and levels studied in this exp

21、eriment are as follows: two text display methods (Rapid Serial Visual Presentation, scrolling with pause), four types of row number (one to four lines), and three text colors (red, green and amber). In each testing condition, the comprehension scores of the objective performance measure and the rati

22、ngs of the subjective measure will be collected. The comprehension score of the objective performance measure denoted the correctness of subject responses given to the nine multiple choice questions in a comprehension task following the passage reading. It will be used for the evaluation of the subj

23、ects ability of understanding the passages read. The preference rating is a subjective evaluation of the testing display format given by the readers reflecting individual preference, which should also be considered when designing an optimal display method.SubjectsStudents who are registered for a co

24、urse in Ergonomics in the City University of Hong Kong will serve as subjects. They will be assessed to have normal or corrected-to-normal vision with an orthorator and no color deficiency with Ishihara Pesudo Isochromatic Plates.MaterialsChinese passages with no technical terms or names of unusual

25、words on topics of health, medical care, hygiene, environment, leisure, and transportation will be used. The passage length, including punctuation marks, ranges from 77 to 100 characters.ApparatusA computer (Pentium VI 2.8 GHz) with a 582mm X 326 mm (include housing) dual colors LED display will be

26、used for stimulus presentation. The panel size is 512 mm X 256 mm. The LED display dot dimension is 128 dots X 64 dots and its dot diameter is 3.75 mm with 4 mm dot separation. It can display up to 4 rows of 8 traditional Chinese characters of 64 mm X 64 mm large per line. The passages will be displ

27、ayed at a rate of 160 characters per minute.Workplace ConditionsThe display will be mounted at a height of 200 cm, subjects will be requested to stand at a viewing distance of 300 cm from the screen center. The characters size will subtend angles of 1。 13, arc at the subjects, eyes. The ambient illu

28、mination will be about 300 lx. No glare or reflection appears on the display screen.ProcedureA set of question sheets with three questions on a page will be given to each subject at the beginning of the test. However, they are not allowed to preview the questions before each presentation. Subjects a

29、re asked to read the passages presented on the LED display and try their best to understand the messages. Each presentation condition consists of three passages. After reading the first passage on the display, they will be instructed to attempt the three multiple-choice questions on the first sheet

30、of the question set. After one minute, the next passage will appear on the display. The procedure is repeated until all the three passages in the condition are completed. Just after reading the three passages, a preference rating on that particular condition will be given by the subject on a nine-po

31、int Likert scale. The procedures are repeated until all the eight conditions were tested. In order to avoid mental or visual fatigue, a 5-minute break is given after reading the first 12 passages.DATA ANALYSISComprehension PerformanceThe dependent measure collected in this experiment is the comprehe

32、nsion scores (%), i.e. the percentage of correctness denoted the reading performance of each condition. The method for calculating the percentage of correctness for each condition = (the number of questions ? the number of wrong answers) / the total number of questions. The comprehension scores of i

33、ndividual subjects ranged from 0 to 9 were converted to 0 to 100 %. To identify which display method would let candidates achieve better performance in the comprehension task, the differences amongst subjects? performance on the different display conditions will be evaluated with analysis of varianc

34、e (ANOVA). Bonferroni test will be used for post hoc analysis for examining the differences among three or more related groups.Subjective PreferenceOther than comprehension score, the second measure in this reading experiment is the subjective preference reflecting an instant and quick subjective re

35、sponse of subjects to the reading conditions. With a nine-point Likert scale, a questionnaire is used in this study to investigate subjects preference towards a reading interface with the attributes of reading difficulty, mental demand, eye strain, neck strain, back strain, effectiveness, satisfacti

36、on and overall preference. Two nonparametric methods, Wilcoxon signed-rank test for two related groups and Friedman test for three or more related groups will be used for analysis of the ratings given by subjects.CONCLUSIONA study plan on Chinese reading task on LED display is proposed here to fill

37、the gap in the literature. This paper would let people be familiar with design factors on dynamic text display methods. In the proposed experiment, the effects of the selected task factors of display type, text color and row number on comprehension performance and subjective preference of university

38、 students will be explored. According to the readability and preference ratings of the subjects given under different conditions, the results of this proposed study will provide useful design recommendations of using LED displays for advertising and delivering messages to the public.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

39、The work described in this paper was supported by a grant from the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Project No. 7001367.REFERENCESChan, A. H. S., Lee, S. K. (2005). Effect of display factors on Chinese reading times, comprehension scores and preferences, Behaviour and Information Techn

40、ology, vol. 24, pp. 81-91.Chen, C. H., Chien, Y. H. (2005). Reading Chinese text on a small screen with RSVP, Displays, vol.26, pp. 103-108. Dyson, M. C., Haselgrove, M. (2001). The influence of reading speed and line length on the effectiveness of reading from screen, Int. J. Human-Computer Studies

41、, vol.54, pp. 585-612.Hart, S. G., Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of a multi-dimensional workload rating scale: Results of empirical and theoretical research, In P.A. Hancock and N. Meshkati (eds), Human Mental Workload, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.Jaschinski, W., Heuer, H., Kylian, H

42、. (1998). Preferred position of visual displays relative to the eyes: a field study of visual strain and individual differences. Ergonomics, 41, pp. 1034-1049.Juola, J. F., Tiritoglu, A., Pleunis, J. (1995). Reading text presented on a small display, Applied Ergonomics, vol.26, pp. 227-229.Laarni, J

43、. (2002). Searching for optimal methods of presenting dynamic text on different types of screens, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, vol.31, pp. 219-222.Piolat, A., Roussey, J. Y., Thunin, O. (1997). Effects of screen presentation on text reading and revising, Int. J. Human-Computer Stu

44、dies, vol.47, pp. 565-589.Potter, M. C. (1984). Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP): a method for studying language processing, in New Methods in Reading Comprehension Research, D. E. Kieras and M. A. Just (eds), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 91-118.Twisk, J. W. (2004). Longitudinal data analysis.

45、 A comparison between generalized estimating equations and random coefficient analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 19, pp. 769-776.Wang, A. H., Chen, C. H. (2003). Effects of screen type, Chinese typography, text/ background color combination, speed and jump length for VDT leading displa

46、y on user?s reading performance, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol.31, pp. 249-261.Wang, A. H., Chen, C. H., Chen, M. T. (2002). Effect of leading display design of dynamic information on users? Visual performance and visual fatigue, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial E

47、ngineering, vol.19, pp. 69-78.Wang, A. H., Fang, J. J., Chen, C. H. (2003). Effects of VDT leading-display design on visual performance of users in handling static and dynamic display information dual-tasks, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol.32, pp. 93-104.Wang, J. H., Cao, Y. (200

48、5). Assessing Message Display Formats of Portable Variable Message Signs, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board , vol. 1937, pp 113-119.Yang, C. M., Waters, D., Cabrera, C. C., Wang, J. H., Collyer, C. E. (2005). Enhancing the messages displayed on dynamic message signs, Processings of the Third International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, pp. 111-118.？1994-2015 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.为