中考英语语法专题-数词.docx

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1、 数词中考解读内容基本要求数词的基本用法一基数词与序数词的构成及用法 二分数、时间、日期的表达法 一、基数词基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。1最基本的基数词如下表表示。1 one 11 eleven100 a hundred 2 two 12 twelve20 twenty1000 a thousand3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 1 million4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty10,000,000 ten million5 five15 fifteen 50 fifty100,000,000 a hun

2、dred million6 six 16 sixteen60 sixty1,000,000,000 a billion7 seven 17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten【注】：1) 基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。1319 是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15、18的拼写是thirteen, fifteen, eighteen。2) 2090 由个位数加后缀-ty构成，注意20, 30, 40, 50和80的拼写分别是twenty, thirty,

3、 forty, fifty, eighty。2199中非整十的两位数是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如：81 eighty-one。3) 101999 的基数词先写百位数，后加and 再写十位数和个位数。如：691 six hundred and ninety-one。4) 1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）

4、来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand; 1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。5) 多位数的读法：1000 以上的多位数，要使用计数间隔或逗号“，”。即从个位起，每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand（千），第二个间隔或逗号前是million（百万），第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million 或a billion(十亿)。每隔三位分段以后就都成了101999。读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and。如：888，000，000 读作：eight hundred and eig

5、hty-eight million。【真题回放】1.There are _ days in a week.A. the sevenB. seventhC. the seventhD. seven2.Can you write the number eighty-five thousand，six hundred and twenty-six？Yes，it is. _.A. 85662B. 85626C. 58662D. 586263.Look at the picture. How many students ride to school in the class?Oh, there are

6、_.A. 8B. 16C. 4D. 12 6) Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score 这些词的用法（重难点）a) 前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们不能加“s”, 其中特别注意several，也表示一个具体数字，其范围是3-5个：three hundred people, five thousand years；several million studentsb) 反之则须加“s”, 并要与of 短语连用。例如：thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of treesc) 当这些词后面的名

7、词其有the, these, those等特指限定修饰词时，或其后接的是us, them这样的人称代词时, hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score后有不加s, 但加of. 例如：I want three dozen of these eggs.【真题回放】1._ travelers come to visit our city every year.A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds ofC. Five hundredsD. Hundred2.The man also wrote _ of beautiful piece

8、s of music for the orchestra.A. hundredB. six hundredC. a hundredD. hundreds3.Basketball is so popular a game in the world that _ people play it for fun and exercise.A. million ofB. millions ofC. millionsD. two millions of4.Whats the matter, Kangkang?Oh, I feel sorry to hear more than _ people lost

9、their lives in the earthquake (地震) in Sichuan.A. sixty thousands ofB. sixty thousandC. sixty thousand ofD. thousand of5.After Wenchuan earthquake(地震), _ people got together on Tiananmen Square, calling out “Come on, China!”.A. four thousand ofB. thousands ofC. several thousands6.More than two _ year

10、s ago, people knew little about the universe.A. thousandsB. thousandC. thousand ofD. thousands of7.English is becoming a tourist city. _ people come here during the holidays every year.A. Thousand ofB. Thousands ofC. Five thousands ofD. Five thousands8.Over twenty _ students took part in the math co

11、mpetition last year.A. thousandB. thousandsC. thousands of9.So far, doctors have saved _ peoples lives in the quake-hit area.A. thousands ofB. thousandC. thousand of10._ visitors come to China every year.A. Thousands ofB. Ten thousandsC. Ten thousand ofD. Thousand of2. 基数词的用法：1) 基数词在句中的作用:基数词的作用相当于名

12、词和形容词，在句中可作定语、主语、宾语（介宾）、表语、同位语等。例如:Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 （作表语）How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子？I want eight. 我要八个。（作宾语）There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。（作定语）2) 年、月、日和时间的表达法: 年份用基数词，日期用序数词，其顺序常用月、日、年。a) 年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词in。例如：1999 nineteen ninety-nine2000 two thousand2010 tw

13、o thousand and ten / twenty ten b) 月份的表示方法及缩写：月份前用介词 on, 月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如：一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月（Apr.）, 五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sept.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)c) 日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。例如：在6 月1 日

14、：on June 1st 读作：on June the first.d) 年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先写月、日、后写年。如：在2001年5月4日：on May 4th, 2001。（中考考点-主要在听力中体现）3) 编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。例如： 第一课：Lesson One 第三十二页：Page 32第305 房间：Room 305; 第12 路公共汽车：Bus No.12（中考考点-主要在听力中体现）【真题回放】1.The new student is in _.A. Class 2B. Class SecondC. 2 Class2.-There is a w

15、rong word in Line _.- Where?- In the _ line.A. Two; two B. Two; second C. second; two D. second; second4) 几点几十分的表达法：可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如：a) 表示整点时间，直接用基数词表达，后边可接oclock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时，绝不能用oclock。如：5:00-five (oclock)b) 在倒读法中，如果钟点不过半，须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式；如果钟点过半，则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点（下个钟点数）”的形式。如：6:18-six eigh

16、teen 或eighteen past six; 6:48twelve to seven c) 半点可以half表示，如：4:30-four thirty 或half past fourd) 表达“15 分”或“45 分”时，常用quarter（刻）。如：12:15-twelve fifteen或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve; 6:45-six forty/five a quarter to seven时间类型表示法例读法整点基数词（+ oclock) 1:00one oclock30分钟分钟 + past +小时 2:10ten past two= 30 分

17、钟half + past + 小时3:30half past three30分钟（60-分钟） + to +（小时 + 14:40twenty to five分钟逢15即 一刻钟a quarter5:156:45a quarter past fivea quarter to seven简化法按顺序读基数词7:50seven fifty【真题回放】1.Our first class begins at a quarter to eight.A. 8:15B. 7:15C. 8:45D. 7:452.- Its already 7:40 now. When will the film start?

18、- _. We still have five minutes.A. A quarter to sevenB. Seven past forty-fiveC. A quarter to eight5) 分数表达法a) 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如：one fifth 五分之一 one tenth 十分之一b) 当分子大于1 时，分母用序数词的复数。如： two thirds 三分之二 five eighths 八分之五c) 当分子是1 时，可以用one 也可以用a。如： a second = one second a third = one thirdd) 当分母是2 和4 时，分别可

19、以用half 和quarter 代替。如：a half 二分之一 three quarters 四分之三注意：分数考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数修饰可数名词的复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English. 我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water. 地球上三分之二的水是海水。拓展：one in three, one out of thre

20、e也表示三分之一，在阅读中常见。【真题回放】1.About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. third fifthsB. third fifthC. three fifthsD. three fifth2._of the warm water _already been used up.A. Two-third; hasB. Two-third; haveC. Two-thirds; hasD. Two-thirds; have6) 百分数表达法：基数词+percent of【注意】：百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当

21、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当百分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan. 我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。7) 小数表达法a) 小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示，小数点写作point, 小数后的数字应按其数字直接表示出来。如：18.38 可写成：eighteen point three eight。注意：小数在句中常作定语，尤其在比较方式状语从句中被使用。如：This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that on

22、e.b) 表示钱的读法，如$2:50, 读成 two dollars and fifty8) 两组与数词有关的介词短语：a) in+定冠词the+数词的复数形式，表示年代。如：in the 1870s 或1870s20 世纪90 年代：nineteen nineties；21 世纪20 年代：twenty twentiesb) in+物主代词+数词的复数形式，表示某人的年龄。如：in ones thirties。有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early 或late 使其含义更确切些。如：The young man is at most in his early thirties.【真题回放】1

23、.About _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _.A. two-thirds; 1970B. two-thirds; 1970sC. two-third; 1970D. two-third; 1970s2.-There are sixty students in our class. And _ of us are boys.-Wow! You have forty girls!A. one fourthB. one third C. two fifths D. two thirds3._of the students in o

24、ur class_ money to the disabled people these days.A. Two third, have raisedB. Two thirds, has raisedC. Two three, have raisedD. Two thirds, have raised9) 数量表示法a) 表示长，宽，高，面积等，用基数词+单位词（meter, foot, inch, kilogram 等）+in+名词（length, width, height, weight 等）表示。two meters long或two meters in length 两米长three

25、 feet high或three feet in height 三英尺高b) 带有数词的名词作定语的表达：a seven-year-old boy，a hundred-metre race【真题回放】1.Each of us has to write a report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words2.北京首都机场三号航站楼长2,900米，宽790米。 Beijing Capital International Airport

26、Terminal 3 is _. 10) 加减乘除表示法：+plus，minus，multiplied divided。如：5+7five plus seven， 93nine minus three， 89eight multiplied by nine，648sixty divided by eight， 6：5 the ratio of six to five， 42 four-squared， 33three-cubed， 54the fourth power of five注意：谓语动词为单数。11) 表示倍数（根据学生情况选择使用）a) 几倍大小（长短，数量）=几倍（或分数）+th

27、e size(length, amount)。例如：The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。b) 比几倍=倍数（或分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比部分。例如：His house is three times bigger than mine. 他的房子比我的房子大三倍。c) 是倍=倍数（或分数）+as +形容词+as +被比部分。例如： This factory is four times as big as that one. 这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。12) 表示约数a) “多于”用more t

28、han 或over。例如：The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 这条街有500 多米长。b) “小于”用less than。例如：Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不到三十人。c) “或以上”用or more。例如：The building can hold 5000 people or more. 那座建筑物可容纳5000 人或5000 人以上。d) “或以下”用or less。例如：We can finish the work in two weeks or less

29、. 我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。e) “大约”用about, around, nearly 等。例如：The box weighs about 50 pounds. 这箱子重约50 镑。f) “左右”用or so. 例如：In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在过去的十年里，他们改变了许多。二序数词1. 概念：表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th 构成。请见下表：第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecon

30、dtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth【说明】：1英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。2表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y 变成i 再加上后缀-eth。3其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数

31、词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。4少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（ 第五），eighth（ 第八），ninth（ 第九），twelfth（第十二）等。【注意】1) 基变序助记歌：基变序，有规律，末尾加上th；一、二、三，特殊记，八加h，九去e，ve要用f替；以y结尾用ie，后跟th莫忘记。若想表达几十几，只变个位就可以。2) 序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如：第一：(the) first=1st 第二：(the) second=2nd 第三：(the) third=3rd 第五：(the) fifth=5th第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh

32、=97th 第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st3) 易错点：fifth（ 第五），eighth（ 第八），ninth（ 第九），twelfth（第十二），fortieth(第四十)。2 序数词的用法1) 序数词表顺序，主要作定语，其前面须加上定冠词the，此外，也作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，这时，被它所修饰的名词往往被省略。如：The first (person) to arrive is Kate. 例如：The first is bigger than the second. （作主语）第一个比第二个大。Give me the first. （

33、作宾语）把第一个给我。Shes often the first to go to school. （作表语）她经常第一个去上学。Were going to learn the eighth lesson. （作定语）我们将要学习第八课。2) 序数词一般前用the，但是当其前面有物主代词，名词所有格等词时，就不用定冠词the了。【真题回放】1.I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. fiveB. fifthC. the fifthD. fifteen2.December is the _ month in a year.A.

34、twentyB. twelveC. twentiethD. twelfth3.- Excuse me. Where is Mr. Greens office?- Its on _ floor.A. seven B. the seven C. the seventh D. seventh4.Peter, how old is your father this year?_. And we just had a party for his _ birthday last weekend.A. Fortieth; fortyB. Forty; fortyC. Forty; fortiethD. Fo

35、rtieth; fortieth5.Shanghai has opened its _ TV channel (频道) that sends programs in foreign languages.Great! I can improve my English over it.A. firstB. a firstC. the first6.All the teachers live on _ floor.A. the secondB. twoC. second7.Everyone knows Beijing will host _ Olympic Games in August, 2008

36、.A. 28thB. 29thC. the 29th8.The work is too difficult for Mr. Xu to finish in a week. He needs _ days.A. more twoB. two moreC. two anotherD. another more9.Hurry up. There isnt much time left.Dont worry. I need _ minutes to finish the work.A. twelve anotherB. another twelveC. more twelve10.Fathers Da

37、y is on _ Sunday of June.A. threeB. thirdC. the third11.-Where does John live?-He lives on _ floor but he doesnt use a lift to go up and down.A. nineB. the ninthC. ninthD. a ninth12.John, how old is your grandfather?_. We had a party for his _ birthday last week.A. Eighty; eightieth B. Eighty; eight

38、y C. Eightieth; eighty D. Eightieth; eightieth13.-How many times have you been here?-This is my _ visit.A. four B. the four C. fourth D. the fourth14.Today is my mothers _ birthday. I will buy her a gift.A. fourteenB. fourteenthC. fortyD. fortieth15.-How was your day off yesterday?-Perfect! It was _

39、 birthday of my grandmas. We had a big family celebration.A. eightyB. the eightiethC. eightieth16.-Good news! Bill won_ medal in the long jump just now.-Really? Thats his_ one at our sports meeting.A. a：four B. an；fourth C. a；fourth重难点一数词中的易混点 1. 序数词除了与定冠词the和物主代词，名词所有格等连用表示顺序外，还与冠词a/an连用时，表示一种特殊的功能

40、，意为“再，又”，相当于another，如Then they had a second child- a son.2. 数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Two dollars is enough.3. another与more接数词的不同位置区别：another+数词A=A数词+moreCould you give me one more chance? Ill try my best to succeed.A. two B. the other C. another4. 数词半的表示法一个半小时- one and a half hours = one hour and a half两个半小时

41、- two and a half hours = two hours and a half5. twos and threes(三三两两)和sixes and sevens（乱七八糟）区别。They came home from church by twos and threes. 他们三三两两地从教堂回来。Everything is at sixes and sevens in the house. 家里现在乱七八糟。【真题回放】1.-How long will Philip stay here?-Two _ weeks till he lives.A. manyB. muchC. more

42、D. most2.A new study proves a_ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat.A. 30-minute B. 30 minutes C. 30-minutes3.- Is your home far from school?- No. Its only _ walk.A. ten-minutes B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten-minute4.The boy always stays there for _.A. one and half ho

43、urB. one and a half hourC. one and a half hours5.The old man drank_ beer.A. two bottles and a halfB. two and a half bottleC. two bottle and a half二数词考点解析：考点概述数词的考查侧重在基数词的写法、读法，序数词的构成，分数词的构成。考点一、基数词写法、读法的考查1.There are _ days in a week.A. the seven B. seventh C. the seventh D. seven 2.Can you write th

44、e number eighty-five thousand，six hundred and twenty-six？Yes，it is. _.A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 考点二、序数词构成、用法的考查3. I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifteen 4. December is the _ month in a year.A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth 考点三、分数词构成、用法的考查5. About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth 考点四、数词与名词表编号的考查6. The new student is in _.A. Class 2 B. Class Second C. 2