可编程序控制器(PLC)在电气控制中应用的探析中英文对照.doc

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1、 可编程序控制器(PLC)在电气控制中应用的探析中英文对照About the programmable controller (PLC) in the applications of electrical control analysis contrast in both Chinese and English 随着计算机技术、微电子技术以及数字化通信技术的飞快发展，可编程序控制器（PLC）产品结合类计算机产业中最先进的技术手段以及电气自动化控制的重要理论，在其性能指标及功能上进一步完善并丰富，打破了传统的PLC概念，在电气控制领域的发展范围越来越大。Along with the comput

2、er technology, microelectronics technology and the rapid development of digital communication technology, programmable controller (PLC) products combined with the most advanced technology in the computer industry and important theory of electrical automation control, in its performance and function

3、on the further perfect and enrich, broke the traditional concept of PLC, development in the field of electrical control range is more and more big. 论文关键词：可编程序控制器（PLC）； 电气控制； 应用Key words: programmable logic controller (PLC); Electrical control; application 可编程序控制器（PLC）主要以计算机的微处理器为基础，综合计算机的应用技术、通讯技术以及

4、自动控制技术而发展起来的一种通用控制器。虽然PLC由较为复杂的微处理器组成，但是在实际应用过程中，完全不必了解微处理器的内部结构。最初，PLC还仅是作为继电器接触器控制系统的替代品，而自从进入电气控制系统领域后，凸显了其独有的优越性，以其自身强大的抗干扰能力、自诊断功能等，提高了电气控制系统的可靠性，基本解决了普通继电器及接触器中常见的故障问题，经过调试后可长期安全可靠地运行。本文将对PLC的特点、基本工作过程、在电气控制中的应用等问题进行分析与阐述。Programmable controller (PLC) is mainly based on the computers microproc

5、essor, comprehensive application of computer technology, communication technology and automatic control technology and developed a kind of general controller. Although PLC is composed of complex microprocessors, but in the practical application process, completely dont need to understand the interna

6、l structure of the microprocessor. Initially, PLC also is only as a substitute for relay contactor control system, and since the field into the electric control system, highlights its unique superiority, with its strong anti-interference ability and self diagnosis function, improve the reliability o

7、f electric control system, the basic solution to the common faults in the general relay and contactor problem, after commissioning can run safely and reliably for a long time. This article, the characteristics and basic working process of PLC and its application in electric control problems are anal

8、yzed and expounded. 1 可编程序控制器（PLC）的特点1 the characteristics of the programmable controller (PLC) 1.1 体积小、重量轻1.1 small volume, light weight 超小型的PLC底部尺寸100mm，重量150g，其功耗仅为数瓦。由于其体积小，很容易装入机械中，便于机电一体化的实现。Microminiature PLC at the bottom of the size of the 100 mm, weight 150 g, its power consumption is only

9、 one. Due to its small volume, easy to loading machine, to facilitate the realization of the electromechanical integration. 1.2 实用性普遍1.2 practical common PLC可适用于各种规模的电气控制场合，除了基本的逻辑处理功能之外，当前大多PLC具有数据运算能力，并可应用于数字控制领域中。近年来，PLC的功能日益完善，PLC的应用已经普遍到温度控制、位置控制及CNC等多个控制领域。PLC can be applied to all sizes of el

10、ectrical control occasions, in addition to the basic logical processing function, most of the current PLC have data operation ability, and can be applied in the field of digital control. In recent years, the function of PLC is increasingly perfect, the application of PLC has been common to temperatu

11、re control, position control and CNC control areas. 1.3 抗干扰能力强1.3 strong anti-jamming capability 由于PLC采用了现代化的大规模集成电路技术，在内部电路、生产工艺等方面均采取先进的抗干扰处理技术，具有较高的可靠性。另外，PLC还自备硬件故障自动检测功能，一旦出现故障即可发出警报。在软件应用中，应用者还可编入外围器件的自诊断故障程序，让系统中出了PLC之外的电路与设备也能获得自我保护功能。Due to PLC adopts the modern large scale integrated circu

12、it technology, the internal circuit, production technology to advanced anti-interference technology, has the high reliability. In addition, PLC should bring along their own hardware fault automatic detection function, once appear, fault alarm. In software applications, the user can also into the fau

13、lt self-diagnosis procedures for the peripheral devices, the system of the PLC circuits and equipment also can get self protection function. 1.4 应用简单、普遍1.4 simple and widely used PLC作为直接面向企业的工控设备，具有接口容易、编程语言易于被工程技术人员接受并理解等特点，尤其图形符号及梯形图语言、表达方式等与继电器电路图基本类似，只需通过PLC的少量开关量逻辑控制指令就能熟练实现在电气控制中的应用。PLC as a d

14、irect business-oriented industrial control equipment, with easy interface, programming language is easy to be accepted by engineering technical personnel and understand, especially graphical symbols and ladder diagram language, expression, etc and have similar relay circuit diagram, simply by PLC, a

15、 small amount of switch quantity logic control instructions can skilled application in the electric control. 1.5 维护与改造方便1.5 maintenance and retrofit is convenient PLC通过存储逻辑替代了接线逻辑，减少了控制设备外在的接线，极大减少了控制系统设计和建造的时间，为后期维护提供了方便，同时程序较易改变，可极快应用于生产过程的改变。PLC by storing logic instead of wiring logic, external

16、wiring, control equipment was decreased greatly reduces the control system design and construction, provides convenience for later maintenance, program change more easily at the same time, can be applied to the production process change very quickly. 2 可编程序控制（PLC）的基本工作过程Programmable logic control (P

17、LC) 2 basic working process PLC及相关外围设备的设计原则应满足“与工业控制系统为一个整体、方便功能扩展”，所有的电气控制系统的实现都是根据工艺要求，最终提高生产效率及产品质量。因此，在设计PLC控制系统时，应满足被控对象的基本要求，并对实际工作现场进行研究、收集资料，并实现设计人员与操作人员的密切配合，共同拟定可操作方案，对可能潜在的问题进行共同分析、共同解决。并在满足各方控制要求的前提下，考虑控制系统的简单性与经济性，方便后期的使用及维修，并确保电气控制的安全性、稳定性。PLC在电气控制中的基本工作过程为：The design principle of PLC

18、and related peripheral equipment should satisfy and industrial control system as a whole, convenient function extension, all the realization of the electric control system is according to the technological requirements, eventually improve the production efficiency and product quality. , therefore, i

19、n the design of PLC control system, should meet the basic requirements of the controlled object, and to conduct field research, collect the actual data, and realize the design and operating personnel closely cooperate, develop operational plans, for may be a potential problem analysis and solve toge

20、ther. And meet the control requirements under the premise of considering the control system of simple and efficiency, convenient use and maintenance of late, and ensure the safety and stability of the electric control. PLC in the electrical control basic work process is: （1）现场信息的输入：在系统软件的控制下，按照顺序对输入

21、点进行扫描，并读取输入点的状态。Input: (1) the information under the control of the system software, according to the order of the input point scanning, and reads the state of the input point. （2）程序的执行：对用户程序中的指令按顺序扫描，并根据输入的状态及指令进行逻辑性运算。(2) the execution of the program: according to the order of instructions in the

22、user program to scan, and according to the input state and instruction in logical operations. （3）控制信号的输出：根据以上逻辑运算的结果，输出状态寄存器向各个输出点同时发出相应的信号，以实现所需的逻辑控制功能。(3) control signal output: according to the result of the above logic operation, output status register signals corresponding to the individual dot

23、s at the same time, in order to achieve the required logic control function. 3 可编程序控制器（PLC）在电气控制中的应用3 programmable controller (PLC) in the application of the electric control 3.1 开关量逻辑的控制3.1 the switch quantity logic control 这是PLC控制技术中最基本、最广泛的应用领域。替代了传统的继电器电路，并同时实现顺序控制及逻辑控制，既适用于单台设备的控制，也可以应用于自动化流水线中

24、，如生产线、组合机床、磨床、镗床和龙门刨床等。This is the most basic PLC control technology, the most widely application field. Replace the traditional relay circuit, and at the same time to realize logic control, sequence control and applies to a single device control, also can be used in the automated assembly line, suc

25、h as production lines, combination machine tools, grinder, boring machine, planing machine, etc. 3.2 控制模拟量3.2 analog control 在实际工业生产过程中，会出现很多连续变化的物理量，如温度、速度、流量、液位、压力等模拟量。这些模拟量可通过数字量之间D/A转换和A/D转换得以实现，确保编程器对模拟量实现处理。In actual industrial production process, will appear a lot of continuously variable phy

26、sical quantities, such as temperature, speed, flow, liquid level, pressure and other analog. These analog can be through the digital quantity between D/A conversion and A/D conversion, to ensure that the programmer for analog implementation process. 3.3 集中式控制系统3.3 a centralized control system 集中式控制系

27、统主要采用一台功能较强大的PLC监视系统、对多个设备进行控制，已形成“中央集中式”的计算机控制体系。在该项系统中，每个设备之间的连锁、联络关系以及运行顺序等都由中央PLC来统一完成。可见，集中式控制系统比单机控制系统的成本低，更经济实惠。但如果其中一个控制对象的程序需要做出改变，就要停止中央PLC的控制，同时其他控制对象也随之停止运行。Centralized control system mainly adopts a more powerful PLC monitoring system, to control multiple devices, has formed the central

28、ized computer control system. In between each device in the system, the chain, contact relationship and operation sequence are performed by central PLC to unity. Visible, centralized control system is lower than the cost of the single machine control system, more economical and practical. But if the

29、 application needs to be one of the controlled object changes, will stop the central PLC control, and other control objects also will stop running. 3.4 分散控制系统3.4 distributed control system 在分散控制系统中，每一个控制对象都需要设置一台PLC，每台PLC之间能通过信号的传递而产生内部响应、发令或连锁等，或者可由上位机通过数据通信总线完成通信任务。分散控制系统中采取多台机械生产线控制的方式，每条生产线之间都有数

30、据相连接，由于每个控制对象都是由自身的PLC来控制，所以如果某台PLC运行停止，对其他PLC不会产生影响。随着技术的不断进步，目前可由PLC承担底层的控制任务，通过网络连接，将PLC和过程控制二者结合。In a distributed control system, each control object need to set a PLC, can through the signal transmission between each PLC internal response, starting or chain, etc., or it can be finished by the u

31、pper machine through data communication bus communication tasks. Distributed control system adopt the method of many sets of machine production line control, data between each production lines are connected, since each control object is by its own PLC to control, so if one PLC run to stop, to influe

32、nce other PLC will not. Along with the advance of technology, the current can be controlled by the PLC to assume the underlying mission, through the network connection, the combination of PLC and process control. 3.5 运动控制3.5 motor control PLC能够对圆周运动或者直线运动进行控制。在控制机构的配置中，过去进行的为直接应用于传感器及执行机构中，而现在则可以采取专

33、用的运动控制模块。例如多轴位置的控制模块、伺服电机其单轴、可驱动步进电机等，PLC可广泛应用于机器人、机械、电梯、机床等多种场合。PLC to circular motion and linear motion control. In the configuration of the control group, done in the past for direct application in sensors and actuators, and now you can take a special motion control module. Such as multi-axis pos

34、ition control module, the single axis servo motor, can drive the stepper motor, PLC, can be widely used in robot, machinery, elevator, machine tool and other occasions. 3.6 数据处理的应用3.6 data processing applications PLC在数据处理过程中，具备数据传送、数据转换、数学运算、查表、排序及操作等功能，并完成对数据的采集、分析与处理。这些数据可以与存储于存储器中的数据同时具备参考价值，并完成控

35、制操作。另外，这些数据也可以通过通信功能的实现而传输到智能装置中，或者打印成表。目前数据处理多应用于大型控制系统中，如过程控制系统、柔性制造系统等。PLC in the process of data processing, data transmission, data conversion, mathematics, look-up table, sorting and operation, and other functions, and complete the data collection, analysis and processing. These data can be st

36、ored in memory and the data has the reference value at the same time, and complete the control operation. In addition, these data can also be through the realization of the function of communication and transport to the smart device, or the print into a table. At present, a lot of data processing ap

37、plied to large-scale control system, such as process control system, flexible manufacturing systems, etc. 由上可见，在指定范围内，可编程序控制器以其高性能价格取胜，并凭借其适应性强、可靠性高、使用方便等突出特点在自动化控制领域广泛应用。再加上PLC制造成本的不断下降、功能的不断加强，已成为工业企业的首选设备。By the visible and within the specified range, programmable controller with high performance

38、 price to win, and with its strong adaptability, high reliability, convenient use and so on outstanding feature is widely used in automatic control field. Plus PLC manufacturing costs decline, the function of strengthening, has become a industrial enterprises preferred equipment. 以上过程完成后，再重新开始，并反复执行

39、，每执行一次即完成一个扫描周期。 在实际应用时，很多机械设备的工作流程可分为一系列不断重复的顺序动作，而PLC的工作程序恰与其相似，因此PLC程序能很好地与机器动作相对应，且程序的编制简单、直观，易于修改，减少了开发软件的费用，并缩短软件开发周期。The above process is completed, restart again, and perform repeatedly, and each perform a scan cycle is completed. In practical application, a lot of machinery and equipment wo

40、rking process can be divided into a series of repeated order of action, and the working procedure of its similar PLC, so the PLC program corresponded well with the machine movement, and the procedure of preparation is simple, intuitive, easy to modify, and reduce the cost of developing software, and shorten software development cycle.