初中英语语法专题-形容词和副词-破解英语丢分题(备战2018年中考原卷版).docx

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1、形容词和副词（2017 四川南充中考）I know Old Joe lives _.We are supposed to visit him from time to time. Then he wont feel _.A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. lonely; alone D. alone; lonely【参考答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词及副词的用法。句意：我知道老乔单独生活。我们应该时不时的去看望他。那样他将不会感到孤独。alone只是陈述一个客观事实，意思是独自一人、没有同伴或助手，只用作表语。有时放在名词或代词后，表示仅仅、只有，可作形容

2、词。 另外，alone 可用作副词，表示独自地、单独地；lonely 则有浓厚的感情色调，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊时所发生的一种悲伤的和忧郁的感情，意思是孤独、寂寞，作形容词。结合句意及结构，故选D。这道题考查的是alone, lonely的用法辨析，掌握住这两个词的区别，就能做对这道题。alone形容词作表语表示（客观上的）独自；孤单，数量上就一个副词作状语lonely形容词作表语或定语表示（主观感情上的）孤单寂寞易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词，但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地；hardly几乎没有They work very hard. 他们工作非常努力。I hardly kn

3、ow her. 我不怎么认识她。【警示】在英文中，应该注意hard和hardly的区别，hard可以作形容词或副词，意为努力，也可以指雨大或雪大，而hardly是副词，意为几乎不。在实际使用时，应注意它们的区别。late迟到；lately最近You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗？pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地The exam was pretty difficult. 这次考试相当难。 The little girl is always prettily dressed. 这个小女孩

4、总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。 意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地；closely（抽象）亲密地They sat close together Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad?high(具体高度)高地；highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地The kites fly high in the sky.这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of him.（老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高。deep（空间的，具体）深度；deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地He

5、pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽；widely广泛地The door was wide open. 门被开得大大的。We were widely different on many questions. 我们在许多问题上分歧很大。1. （2017 湖北省随州市中考）Have you seen the movie Baby Plan?Of course. I think its _ m

6、ovie I have even seen.A. funny B. funnier C. the most funny D. the funniest【参考答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词的最高级的用法。句意：你看过电影婴儿计划吗？当然。我认为这是我看过的最有趣的电影。A. funny有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的； B. funnier 滑稽的( funny的比较级 )；C. the most funny 这种形式不正确； D. the funniest滑稽的( funny)的最高级。根据I have even seen，故选D。2.（2017 山东青岛）_ we work at English, t

7、he better grades we will get.A. HarderB. The hardestC. HardestD. The harder【答案】D【解析】考查比较级的用法。句意：我们越努力学习英语，我们将获得越好的分数。the+比较级+句子；the+比较级+句子表示一方面越另一方面就越。hard的比较级形式是harder，结合句意及结构，故选D。第1题考查的是形容词最高级的构成和用法。比较三中或三中以上的事物或人时，要用最高级；若要将某个人、事、物，与其所属的整个团体作比较，也要用最高级。通常情况下形容词最高级前面要加the。Which girl has the stronges

8、t will, Liz, Jane, or Jill? 哪一个女孩的意志最坚强，利兹、简，还是吉尔？（三人比较）Mr. Wood is the friendliest person in our neighborhood. 伍德先生是我们邻居中最友善的人。（与其所属的整个团体作比较）Paul is the fastest runner of them all. 在他们所有人中间，保罗跑步最快。最高级的后面，所接的团体名称若是复数代词或名词（如them, players），就要用of。She is the most hardworking student Ive ever known. = Sh

9、e is the hardest working student Ive ever known. 她是我认识的学生中学习最勤奋的。最高级可用Ive ever./youve ever.等修饰。 第2题考查的是 the + 形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级表示越来越。1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成构成方式例词规则变化单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er，-estsmallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r，-stlargelargerlargestnicenicernicest以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词

10、尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er，-estuglyuglierugliestbusybusierbusiest少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加-er，-estnarrownarrowernarrowestclevercleverercleverest多音节其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，mostimportantmore importantmost important tiredmore tiredmost tired不规则变化bad/illworse

11、worst；much/manymoremost；good/wellbetterbest；farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest；oldolder/elderoldest /eldest；littlelessleast【巧学顺口溜】合二为一共三对，坏病两多和两好；一分为二有两个，一是远来二是老；还有一词含双义，只记少来不记小。（对应的词为：bad/ill，many/much，good/well，far，old，little）【易错警示】1. farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别：二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程

12、度时，只能使用后者。He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。His suggestion is that Kate should be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。2. older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别：前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。Im two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。Hi

13、s elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。2. 形容词比较等级的句式结构和用法句式结构含义例句A+be+形容词比较级than+B表示一方超过或低于另一方的情况You are taller than me. 你比我高。Hangzhou is more beautiful than Wuhan. 杭州比武汉美丽。【知识拓展】1. 在形容词的比较级前还可以用much，even，still，a little来修饰，表示得多甚至更Our city is much more beautiful than yours. 我们的城市比你们

14、的漂亮得多。2. 表示是几倍，大几岁，高几厘米时，可用倍数/数量词+比较级+than。Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍大。She is a head taller than me. 她比我高一头。3. 比较级+than any other+单数名词表示比其他的任何都，用比较级形式来表达最高级含义。He is better than any other student in the class. 他比班里其他任何一个学生都好。比较级+and+比较级表示越来越China is becoming stronger and strong

15、er. 中国正变得越来越强大。the+比较级, the+比较级表示越，就越The quicker you walk, the less time you will use. 你走得越快，花的时间就越少。A+be+形容词最高级of/in表示A在某范围内是最的Michael is the best teacher in Jims eyes. 在吉姆看来，迈克尔是最好的老师。【知识拓展】在of/in后接短语表示范围时，of后接表同一类事物的名词或者代词，而in后接表示一定区域或组织等空间范围的名词。China has the largest population in the world. 中国拥有

16、世界上最多的人口。The sun is the most important to the earth of all the stars. 在所有的星星中，太阳对地球来说最重要。【方法技巧】形容词和副词比较等级的用法一、1. 同级比较：同级比较用原形，asas永不离；asas加not，只言两者是同一，若是not soas，后强前弱不看齐；2. 比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。【妙语诠释】 同级比较一般用asas表示与一样，这时谁强谁弱无法比较出来，而not soas则表示后者比前者强，翻译为不如；比较级通常和than 连用，而最高级通常跟有定冠词the。二、原级用在a

17、sas间，比较级用在than前，and连接两个比较级，说明越来越怎样。三者以上最高级，副词前可不加the，even，much和a little，也常修饰比较级。三、一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。若将等级掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。若甲乙程度相同，asas 结构体。甲某方面不及乙，用 not so/asas表示。上述内容全记起，比较等级谈完毕（2017 上海中考）Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as _ as the computer. A. well B. bette

18、r C. best D. the best【参考答案】A【试题解析】考查形容词的比较等级。句意：亚历克斯相信他下棋很快就能和玩计算机一样好了。as.as.，和一样，两个as之间要用原级形容词或副词。B. better更好，well比较级；C. best最好，是well的最高级形式； D. the best最好，是well的最高级形式；故选A。此题考查as+形容词/副词原级+as结构的构成，掌握住这个结构的用法，做这道题就很easy了。as+形容词原级+as表示和一样You are as tall as me. 你和我一样高。The weather in Beijing is not as( =

19、so) hot as that in Wuhan. 北京的天气不如武汉热。倍数的表达方法：.times as+形容词原级+as(是的几倍)，在英语中，两倍用twice，三倍及三倍以上用three/four. times。This garden is ten times as large as that one. 这个花园是那个的十倍大。half as+形容词原级+as (的一半)。My handwriting is not half as good as yours. 我的书法不如你的一半好。（2017 山东泰安）It is five years since we began to enjoy

20、 a _ spring holiday each year.A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten days D. ten days【参考答案】A【试题解析】考查复合形容词的用法。句意：我们开始每年享受十天的春节长假已经有5年了。数词加连字符加名词单数可知构成复合形容词，ten-day十天的；ten days十天的，表示名词所有格，修饰名词，前面不可以再加冠词，结合句意，故选A。复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的

21、性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这

22、一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的1. 易混形容词和副词辨析。2. 形容最高级和比较级的用法。尤其是倍数表达法，as+形容词/副词原级+as结构的构成。3. 复合形容词的用法。1.（2017 云南省昆明市中考）All the students in our class are over fifteen except Nick

23、. He is _ _ in our class.A. youngerB. olderC. the youngest D. the oldest2. （2017 湖北省宜昌市中考）The living conditions in the countryside have improved greatly in recent years.The farmers are living a much _ _ life than before.A. happy B. happier C. happily D. happiest3. （2017 上海中考）Nowadays people wish to

24、have _ _ food than before as their life improves. A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest4. （2017 上海中考）You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little _ _? A. more slowly B. most slowly C. more loudly D. most loudly5. （2017 上海中考）You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little _ _

25、? A. more slowly B. most slowly C. more loudly D. most loudly6. （2017 四川成都中考）Jim studies better than Tom, but Tom is _ _ and he has more friends.A. friendly B. more friendly C. the most friendly7. （2017 安徽中考）What do you think of the movie?Great! I have never seen a _ _ one. A. goodB. badC. betterD.

26、worse8. （2017 山东德州中考）Ive read through this book several times, but I will read it _ _ so as to get better understanding.A. more bravely B. less easily C. less confidently D. more carefully9. （2017 山东青岛中考）_ _ we work at English, the better grades we will get.A. Harder B. The hardest C. Hardest D. The

27、 harder10. （2016福建泉州中考）This camera is too expensive. Do you have any others?Sorry, but thats the _ one. A. biggestB. longestC. cheapest11.（2016湖南衡阳中考）Bob is a smart boss!Yes, so he is. He knows how to cut the cost of the project. And he always does the work with _ money and _ people.A. less；lessB. f

28、ewer；lessC. less；fewer12.（2016江苏常州中考）Do you enjoy yourself at the concert? Yes. I have never been to _ one before. A. a betterB. the bestC. a worseD. the worst13.（2016湖北襄阳中考）I cant stand swimming in cold rivers in winter.But its _ for your health. You know I often swim in rivers in different seasons

29、.A. helpfulB. harmfulC. painfulD. careful14.（2016黑龙江哈尔滨中考）Xi Jinping, our _ president, paid a visit to Harbin last month, How encouraging!A. 63 years oldB. 63 years oldC. 63-year-old15. （2016 江苏常州中考）The coach thinks _ of Marys sports talents, for she jumped very _ at the sports meeting. A. high, hig

30、h B. highly, highly C. high, highly D. highly, high16. （2016 黑龙江大庆中考）The cake tastes _ and it is really delicious. A. well B. badly C. good D. bad17. （2016 湖北荆州中考）I _ eat vegetables.But they are good for your health! We should eat them every day. A. often B. usually C. always D. seldom 18. （2016 湖北咸

31、宁中考）Sarah is chosen as the guide for the Fashion Show.Great! No one speaks English _ her.A.as beautiful as B.as badly asC. worse than D. better than19. （2016 湖北宜昌中考）Did you get Wechat red（微信红包）during the Spring Festival? Yes. Its _ the most popular way of sending traditional holiday presents now. A.

32、 totallyB. widelyC. actuallyD. hardly来源:学10. （2017 四川省宜宾市中考）It is _ for him to get to school on time, because it is raining _.A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard1.（广东省汕头市龙湖区2017届九年级期末）Please come home as _ as you can. OK, I will. A. early B. earlier C. quick D. quicker2.（重庆市第一中学2017届九年级期中）

33、The _ you are, the _ you can work out the math problems. A. more carefully; more easily B. more carefully; easier C. more careful; easier D. more careful; more easily3.（山西农业大学附属中学2016-2017学年八年级期末）My _ brother is three years _ than I. A. elder; elder B. older; oldest C. elder; older4.（重庆市万盛经济技术开发区201

34、7届九年级模拟）The more you smile, the _ you will feel. A. happy B. happier C. happily D. more happily5.（徐州市2017年初中毕业、升学考试英语模拟试）You look _ Nancy. Yes, we are the same height. A. taller than B. shorter than C. as tall as D. not as tall as6.（上海市黄浦区2017届九年级学业模拟）According to a recent survey, Google Play is one

35、 of _ apps in the world. A. popularB. more popular C. most popularD. the most popular7.（北京市昌平区2017届九年级模拟）Whos _ in your class? John, of course. A. the tallest B. tallest C. taller D. tall8.（江苏省盐城市响水县2017届九年级二模）The magician is planning to hide the Oriental Pearl Tower before a big audience. Really? I

36、 have never heard _ idea before. A. the crazier B. a crazier C. the craziest D. a craziest9. （2016江苏南京师范大学第二附中第三次模拟）What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English?I think its _, but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough；boredB. enough wonderful；boringC. wonderful enough；bori

37、ngD. enough wonderful；bored10. （江苏省南京市2017年中考英语模拟试题）Talking with my parents is _ difficult for me. They never understand me. Dont worry. Nothing is difficult if you try your best.A. seldom B. never C. always D. sometime11. （2016江苏南菁高中实验学校九年级模拟）He promised to deal with such problems, he did do exactl

38、y. His word is _ his action.A. better thanB. worse thanC. as well asD. as good as12. （2016山东夏津实验中学九年级上期中质检）I am _ of snakes.A. terrifyB. terrorC. terrifyingD. terrified13. （2016湖北黄冈启黄中学九年级5月中考模拟）What does the boss always think about?Hed like more income(收入) with _ people and _ money.A. more；lessB. m

39、ore；moreC. fewer；moreD. fewer；less14. （2016山西农业大学附中九年级素质检测）I am very _ to you for helping me so much all these years.A. responsibleB. thankfulC. thirsty15. （2016 上海奉贤区九年级上期末调研）The students from Xinjiang enjoy staying in our school because everyone here is _ to them.A. friendlyB. gentlyC. patientlyD.

40、 happily16. （江苏省江阴市要塞片2016届九年级英语5月模拟考试）After working _ with each other for months, they felt so _ to each other that they began to share lunch together.A. closely；closely B. closely；closeC. close；close D. close；closely17. （20152016年福建莆田仙游郊尾、枫亭五校初二下第一次月联考）Who did it better, Bill or Peter?I think Bill did _ Peter.A. as well as B. as good as C. as best as18. （上海市黄浦区2017届九年级4月学业模拟考试）The waiter was asked to welcome guests with a _ smile and a bow.A. friendlyB. kindlyC. politelyD. happily