初中英语时态学习指导.doc

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1、Please send me a cardPostcards always spoil my holiday. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about my friends. On

2、 the last day，I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card.sendv. 寄，送 postcardn. 明信片spoilv. 使索然无味，损坏 museumn.博物馆publicadj.公共的 friendlyadj. 友好的waitern. 服务员，招待员 lendv. 借给decisionn. 决定 wholeadj. 整个的singleadj.唯一的

3、，单一的1afewwords, 几句话。2lentmeabook中，lent 是“借出”的意思。我们常说lendsb.sth或lendsthtosb.。borrow是“借入”的意思，常用的结构是borrowsth.或borrowsth.fromsb.请寄给我一张明信片明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我参观了博物馆,还去了公园.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语,之后还借给我一本书.我读了几行,但一个字也不懂.我每天都想着明信片的事.假期过得真快,可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片.到了最后一天,我作出了一项重大决定.我早早地起了床,买来了37张明信片.我在房间里关了整整一

4、天.然而竟然连一张明信片也没写成!一、一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：Igetupat6:30inthemorning.(二)构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。(三)句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。ShereadsEnglishevery day.2、否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+谓语+其他。Hedoesntgetupat6:30inthemorning.3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.4、特

5、殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?Wheredoesyourfatherwork? （三）用法1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often,sometimes,usually，always,every /day/year，month）,once/twiceaweek(month,year,etc.),seldom,onsunday等连用。Ileavehomeforschoolatseveneverymorning.2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。Theearthgoes

6、aroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Tenminustwoiseight.十减二等于八。3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。Illtellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。Ifyoucomethisafternoon, wellhaveameeting.4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages.他能说五种

7、外语。Thatisabeautifulcity.那是座美丽的城市。（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps,clean-cleans,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses, fix-fixes, watch-watches, finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study-studies, fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：Hehas

8、aninterestingbook.5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1）用动词的适当形式填空1.Ilike_(swim).2.He_(read)Englisheveryday.4.Mike_(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.5.Mymother_(like)_(go)shopping.7.She_(make)amodelplane.8.Doyou_(like)_(run)?9.Doeshe_(like)_(jump)?10.DoesNancy_(grow

9、)flowersonSaturday?11.Theteachers_(like)_(dance).12.Theteacher_(like)_(dance).13.Thestudents_(speak)Englishinclass.14.Thestudent_(speak)Chineseafterclass.15.Lets_andplayfootball.(go)16.He_likeswimming.(not)2）用所给的人称改写句子1.ItakephotosonSunday.(Mike)2.Wegrowbeautifulflowers.(she)3.Theylikecollectingstam

10、ps.(Ben)II.用所给动词的适当形式填空：1I_(write)toyouassoonasI_(get)toLondon.2.Hedoeantfeelwelland_(noteat)anyfoodthismorning.3.He_not_(see)mecomein,forhe_(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.III单项选择：1.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_tomorrow.A.dontrainB.doesntrainC.wontrain2.There_anEnglishfilmnextweek.A.will

11、haveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe3.Thepicture_nice.A.looksB.islookedC.lookD.islooking4.She_downandsoonfellasleep.A.liveB.lainC.laidD.lay5.They_theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto6.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_backnextweek.A.willcomeB.cameC.wouldco

12、meD.come7.Dontsmokeuntiltheplane_off.A.takesB.tookC.wastakenD.istake8.Isawher_theroomthismorning.A.toenterB.enteredC.enterD.enters9.theteacheraskedus_toschoolontime.A.tocomeB.comingC.comeD.comes10.Johnisalways_others.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp11.Hetoldus_ateight.A.workingB.toworkC.workD.worked12

13、.Youdbetter_athomeand_yourhomework.A.tostay,doB.stay,doC.tostay,todoD.stay,todo13.Hesatdown_arest.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.had14.UncleWangknows_awashingmachine.A.howtomakeB.tomakeC.howmakingD.whattomake15.Jimdecided_PollytoLingFengwhenhewasbacktoEngland.A.toleaveB.leftC.leavingD.leave二、一般过去时（一）结构一般过去

14、时用动词的过去式表示。was/were+notwas或were提前，放于句首didnt+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasnt或werent，变一般疑问句将was/were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayedwentvisited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didnt，动词用原形；一般疑问句是

15、把did提到句首，动词用原形。IwasinShanghailastyear.IwasntinShanghailastyear.WasyouinShanghailastyear?Hewenttotheparkyesterday.Hedidntgototheparkyesterday?Didhegototheparkyesterday?Wherewereyouyesterday?Wheredidyou goyesterday?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, lastweek(month,year),ago,theot

16、herday,justnow,attheageof,in1980等连用。如：Attheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplaythefootballinthestreet.3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。Hesaidhewouldntgoifitrained.（四）动词过去式的规则变化1)一般情况下,在动词原形末尾加-ed;如look-looked2)结尾是字母e的动词加-d,如practice-practiced

17、；3)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,变“y”为“i”再加ed,如studystudied;4)重读闭音节结尾,双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed,如stopstopped。不规则动词表InfinitivePasttenseInfinitivePasttensecatchcaughtcomecamedodiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrivedroveeatatefallfellamiswasarewerebeginbegunbreakbrokebringbroughtbuildbuiltbuyboughtcancould动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事；be用was或

18、用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式,过去时间坐标志；一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单,主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难,did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。一般过去时练习题一、写出下列动词的过去式1look2.live3.stop4.carry 5.hope 6.trip7.call 8.finish 9.want10.are 11.go12.have13.do14.get e16.sayFillintheblanks.1._she_(sing)asonglastnight?2.-Werether

19、eanypeopleintheroom?(作否定回答)-_,_nobody.3.-_(be)theyatworkthismorning?-Yes.They_(have)ameetingtogether.4.-_Joe_(do)wellinthelong-distancerunning?-Yes,he_.5.Where_TinasFamily_(go)lastSummer?-They_(go)toNewYorkfortheirvacation.二、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I_anEnglishteachernow.2.She_happyyesterday.3.They_gladtoseeea

20、chotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy_goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there_lotsofgrapeshere7.There_asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_thesecondofJune.Yesterday_thefirstofJune.It_ChildrensDay.Allthestudents_veryexcited.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.I_(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_(read)anews

21、paperlastnight.3.We_tozooyesterday,we_tothepark.(go)4._you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5._he_(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_.6.GaoShan_(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I_(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother_.8.What_she_(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She_(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9.It_(be)

22、BensbirthdaylastFriday10.10.Weall_(have)agoodtimelastnight.11.He_(jump)highonlastSportsDay.12.Helen_(milk)acowonFriday. 13.Shelikes_newspapers,butshe_abookyesterday.(read)14.He_footballnow,butthey_basketballjustnow.(play)15.Jimsmother_(plant)treesjustnow.16._they_(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_.17.

23、I_(watch)acartoononMonday.18We_(go)toschoolonSunday.19.It_(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite_(go)tohisofficebycar.20.GaoShan_(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.21.Dont_thehouse.Mum_ityesterday.(clean)22.What_you_justnow?I_somehousework.(do)23.They_(make)akiteaweekago.24.Iwantto_apples.Butmydad_allof

24、themlastmonth.(pick)25._he_theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_.(water)26.She_(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_(do)Chinesedances.27.Thestudentsoften_(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.28.What_Mikedoonthefarm?He_cows.(milk)三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。TherewillbeanEnglishpartynextSaturday.Wewillcometoseeyoutomorrow.（二）结

25、构1、由will+动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为wont。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。Hewillarriveherethisevening.他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.我明天没空。3、begoingto+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在伦敦度假。（三）用法1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状

26、态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow,nextday（week，month, year），thisevening(weekend),inthefuture,inafewminutes，thedayaftertomorrow,by，soon等连用。IwillpayavisittoShanghainextweek.Ihopeyouwontbelatenexttime.2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,assoonas,if,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。Illdoitbetteriftheteachergivesmeanother

27、chance.一般将来时练习题一、单项选择()1.There_ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlie_herenextmonth.A.isntworkingB.doesntworkingC.isntgoingtoworkingD.wontwork()3.He_verybusythisweek,he_freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.There_adolphinsh

28、owinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5._you_freetomorrow?-No.I_freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe()6.Mother_meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give()7.-ShallIbuyacupoftea

29、foryou?-_.（不，不要。）A.No,youwont.B.No,youarent.C.No,pleasedont.D.No,please.()8.-Whereisthemorningpaper?-I_ifforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget()9._aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare()10.Iftheycome,we_ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave()11.He_herabeau

30、tifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.gaveC.willgivingD.isgoingtogiving()12.He_tousassoonashegetsthere.A.writesB.haswrittenC.willwriteD.wrote()13.He_inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback()14.Ifit_tomorrow,wellgoroller-skating.A.isntrainB.wontrainC.doesntrainD.doesntfine(

31、)15.-WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?-No,_（不去）.A.theywillnt.B.theywont.C.theyarent.D.theydont.现在完成时（一）含义 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。) Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍

32、然很虚弱。) He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构 助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。（三）句型 1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years . 2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。 We havent been there . 3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ Has he eaten that apple ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词

33、+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法 1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。 e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recentl

34、y (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。e.g. Peter ha