毕业论文外文翻译-没有政府的治理——公共管理的再思考.doc
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1、河北师范大学本科生毕业论文(设计)翻译文章参阅外文篇目及文献翻译:Governance Without Government? Rethinking Public Administration没有政府的治理公共管理的再思考 B. Guy Peters ABSTRACT:The concept of governance has come to be used more commonly in the discussion of public administration, but the meaning of the term is not always clear. There is a g
2、rowing body of European literature that can be characterized as governance without government, stressing as it does the importance of networks, partnerships, and markets (especially international markets). This body of literature can be related to the new public management; yet it has a number of di
3、stinctive elements. This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this literature and its applicability to public administration in the United States. 摘要:在公共行政的讨论中,治理的概念被更为常见的使用,但这一词的含义并不总是很清楚。有越来越多的可以被归纳为没有政府的治理“的欧洲文献强调:网络、伙伴关系和市场(尤其是国际市场) 具有的重要性。这一机构的文献与相关的新的公共管理相关;然而,它有许多独特的元素。这篇文章讨论了它的优
4、缺点和其在美国的公共行政的适用性。The traditional conceptualization of the public sector has come under increasing strain during the past several decades. The idea that national governments are the major actors in public policy and that they are able to influence the economy and society through their actions now app
5、ears to be in doubt. Some of the strain on national governments has been the result of the increased importance of the international environment and of an arguably diminished capacity of those governments to insulate their economies and societies from the global pressures. Those pressures on nationa
6、l governments come about through international capital markets (Strange 1996; but see Hirst and Thompson 1996; Peters 1998) as well as through supranational organizations such as the European Union (Scharpf 1997).在过去几十年中,公共部门的传统概念已受到日益严重的压力。各国政府都是公共政策中的主要行动者,他们能够用自己的行动对社会与经济产生影响的想法似乎是值得怀疑的。一些国家政府的压力
7、来自于国际环境的日益重要和为使他们的经济与社会发展免受来自于全球的压力而对于国家能力的争议在减少,这些国家政府的压力不仅来自于国际资本市场 (Strange 1996 ; 以及Hirst and Thompson 1996; Peters 1998) 而且通过作为超国家的组织,如欧洲联盟 (Scharpf 1997 年)。Another strain on the traditional conception of governing arises from changes in the relationship between government and the private secto
8、r. At the extreme it is argued that governance without government is becoming the dominant pattern of management for advanced industrial democracies (Rhodes 1997).Other characterizations include hollow states and governments(Peters 1993; Rhodes 1994) and negotiated states and economies (Nielsen and
9、Pedersen 1990). In all these depictions of changing patterns of government, it is argued that societal actor have become influential over policy and administration and have done so in ways that were unimaginable in earlier times. Government is seen as weakened and as incapable of steering as it had
10、in the past. The traditional concept of government as a controlling and regulating organization for society is argued to be outmoded (Bekke, Kickert, and Kooiman 1995). 传统管理观念的另一个压力自于政府与私营部门之间关系的变化。在极端情况下有人认为,没有政府的治理”正在成为先进工业民主管理的主要形态为(Rhodes 1997)。其它特征包括“空心化”国家和政府(Peters 1993; Rhodes 1994)和“谈判”型国家和
11、经济(Nielsen and Pedersen 1990)。在所有关于政府转型的描述中,有人认为社会的影响力已经超越了政策和管理的影响力,而这是在较早的时代所无法想象的。正如在过去一样政府职能被视为削弱并且不可逆转。传统的将政府视为控制和规范社会组织的观念已然过时(Bekke, Kickert, and Kooiman 1995)。The discussion of governance without government has been largely European and has concentrated primarily in the United Kingdom and th
12、e Netherlands. The European roots of this debate appear to be in part a function of the preeminent role of government in the welfare state in Europe and of the strength and established position of interest groups in these societies (Kooiman1993; Schmitter and Lembruch 1979). In essence government ha
13、s much more power to lose, more areas of policy involvement, and network structure already in place that can replace or supplement the power of government. In the United Kingdom the emergence of this pattern of governing is a direct challenge to the Whitehall model of strong, centralized government.
14、 没有政府的治理的讨论基本集中在欧洲,主要以英国和荷兰为主。这次辩论的根源似乎很大程度上在于在欧洲政府在福利国家的卓越功能和作用,实力和在这些社会中的利益集团的既定立场(Kooiman1993; Schmitter and Lembruch 1979)。从本质上讲,政府已然失去了很多权力,在更广领域的政策参与以及网络结构方面政府的权力已经可以被取代或补充了。在英国这种管治模式的出现,这对于强大的中央集权政府模型是一个直接的挑战。Although the governance debate has been largely European, it is beginning to diffuse
15、 to the United States. There is some objective evidence that the same changessuch as contracting, public-private partnerships, and a variety of other interactions with the private sectormove government away from its role as the central source of the authoritative allocation of values for the society
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