毕业论文外文翻译-单片机的发展和应用.doc
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1、原 文Title:DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF SINGLE CHIP MICROCOMPUTERPrinciple of MCUSingle-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU memory internal and exte
2、rnal bus system, most will have the core. At the same time such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipments. And now the most powerful single-chip system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chi
3、p.Microcontroller is only the CPU chip developed from dedicated processors. Is the earliest design concept through the integration of a large number of peripherals and CPU in a chip, make the computer system smaller, more easily integrated into a more intricate and strict in volume control equipment
4、sSingle-chip microcomputer is different from the single machine, however, the chip before without development, it only has the strong function of very large scale integrated circuit, if giving it a particular program, it is a minimum, complete a microcomputer control system, it with the single machi
5、ne or personal computer (PC) the distinction that having essence, MCU application belongs to the chip level, requires the user to understand the structure of the single-chip microcomputer and command system, and other integrated circuit application technology and system needs the theory and design t
6、echnology, in this particular chip design application, so that the chip has the specific function.Different MCU have different hardware and software characteristics, the technical features is that they are not the same, depends on the internal structure of single-chip microcomputer hardware features
7、, users want to use a single chip microcomputer, must know whether the products meet the need of function and characteristic parameters required by the application system. The technical features include the features, control and electrical properties, etc., the information need to get from the manuf
8、acturers technical manuals. Software refers to the instruction system characteristics and development support environment, instruction features which we are familiar with single-chip microcomputer addressing mode, data processing and logical approach, input/output characteristics and the requirement
9、 of power supply and so on. Development support of environmental compatible includes instructions and portability, supporting software (including can support the development of application software resources) and hardware resources. To take advantage of a type microcontroller to develop their own ap
10、plication system, to master its structure features and technical characteristics is a must.Single-chip microcomputer control system to replace previous use of complex electronic circuits or digital circuit of control system, can control software to realize, and can realize the intellectualized, now
11、ubiquitous single-chip microcomputer control category, such as communication products, household appliances, smart instrumentation, process control and special control device and so on, single-chip computer is finding wider and wider application fields.Hardware introduction:The 8051 family of micro
12、controllers is based on an architecture which is highly optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications from military equipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC. Second only to the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the8051 family of microcon
13、trollers is available in a wide array of variations from manufacturers such as Intel, Philips, and Siemens. These manufacturers have added numerous features and peripherals to the 8051 such as I2C interfaces, analog to digital converters watchdog timers, and pulse width modulated outputs. Variations
14、 of the 8051 with clock speeds up to 40MHz and voltage requirements down to 1.5volts are available. This wide range of parts based on one core makes the 8051family an excellent choice as the base architecture for a companys entire line of products since it can perform many functions and developers w
15、ill only have to learn this one platform.The basic architecture consists of the following features:an eight bit ALU32descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be individually accessedtwo16 bit timer/countersfull duplex UART6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels128bytes of on board RAMseparate
16、64K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memoryOne 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods. Each of the twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op code fetches and samples of the interrupt daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time requ
17、ired for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by 12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required by the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using an11.059MHz clock, you can compute the number of ins
18、tructions per second by dividing this value by 12. This gives an instruction frequency of 921583instructions per second. Inverting this will provide the amount of time taken by each instruction cycle (1.085 microseconds).MCU applicationsSCM now permeate all areas of our lives which is almost difficu
19、lt to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury ca
20、r security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention the area of robot control, intelligent instruments medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning,
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