电子信息技术在智能交通信号灯控制中的应用 毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx

《电子信息技术在智能交通信号灯控制中的应用 毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《电子信息技术在智能交通信号灯控制中的应用 毕业论文外文文献翻译.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Electronic information technology in intelligence street-traffic control lights control application1 IntroductionThe urbanized advancement speeds up day by day with automobiles day-by-day popularization, the accident frequency sends, the traffic congestion to intensify, the state of roads to worsen

2、day by day, the transportation question already became the puzzle world the serious problem. From this causes traffic order worsened already serious influence modernization urban construction and national economy development. Studies vehicles general rule, to alleviates the traffic jam according to

3、the actual situation formulation corresponding general rule, raises the street intersection vehicles general efficiency to have the very vital practical significance. The street-traffic control lights are managing the transport network the most important element, but street various street intersecti

4、ons are also the vehicles general key are. Along with the electronic information technologys rapid development, its related hypothesized instrument technology in the data acquisition, the test automation and the instrument control domain obtains the widespread application, caused the test system and

5、 the survey control design method with realizes the technology to have the deep transformation. “the software was the instrument” already became the test and the measuring technique development important symbol. 2 Based on electronic information technology hypothesized instrument technological devel

6、opment and applied analysis Based on the electronic information technologys hypothesized instrument technology is one in new century science and technology core technologies, it contained the computer technology, the automatic control technology, the information technology, the electronic technology

7、 and so on to be various. The American Country Instrument Company in the mid-1980s first proposed that based on computer technologys hypothesized instruments concept, leads the hypothesized test technology the recent development time, afterward developed and has promoted based on many kinds of bus s

8、ystems hypothesized. The hypothesized instrument broke through the tradition electronic instrumentation take the hardware as the main body pattern, in fact is one kind based on computers automation measuring instrument system. The hypothesized instrument organically friendly blends the computer hard

9、ware source and the instrument hardware through the software into a unity, thus the computer formidable computation handling ability and the instrument hardwares survey, control unifies in together, reduced the instrument hardwares cost and the volume greatly, and realizes through the software to th

10、e data demonstration, the memory as well as the analysis processing.The hypothesized instrument is by the computer, the application software and the instrument hardware is composed. Unifies through the application procedure the general-purpose calculator and the functional module hardware, the user

11、may operate this computer through the friendly graphical interface, completes to functions and so on test data gathering, analysis, judgment, demonstration and data processing. In the hypothesized instrument systems hardware is merely to solve the signal recuperation and the input output. Compares w

12、ith the traditional electronic instrumentation, the hypothesized instrument has substituted for the part hardware by the software, realized the data read, data analysis processing, the data with the software to demonstrate that and so on traditional instruments only could use the function which the

13、hardware realized. The hypothesized instrument operates this computer through the friendly graphical interface, looks like a traditional instrument which operates itself to have custom-made to be the same. It by the transparent way the computer resources and the instrument hardwares survey, control

14、unifies in together, realizes the data analysis processing, the expression through the software. By this way constitutions hypothesized instrument system materially is the computer instrument system, in a sense, “the software is the instrument”. The hypothesized instrument has the following some cha

15、racteristics: (1) Instruments function and the performance realize mostly use either complete complex control, analysis or processing by the software generation of hardware technology abilities and so on hardware software, emphasized “the software is the instrument” the new concept, in the hypothesi

16、zed instrument, besides the necessary hardware, has solved the present situation which the traditional instrument single instrument resources cannot share.(2) Completing the demonstration, the memory, the printing and the microprocessor control supervisor by the computer and so on, namely, regardles

17、s of any functions instrument may use or share computers these public resources, but does not need the design which is redundant(3) The modulation, openness, the interchangeable characteristic and the resources duplication, and may convenient, set up either the restructuring automated test system ec

18、onomically, the user may according to own need to select and purchase the modular instrument with different function, and may along with the test assignment different and the nimble combination, enhances the instrument resources to be possible the reusability.(4) From definition instrument function.

19、 Traditional instrument when leaving the plant its function already determined by the manufacturer that the user cannot act according to own demand momentarily to make the revision, as soon as can only one machine use, but the hypothesized instrument may draw support from the general data acquisitio

20、n installment, establishes the different software testing plan, the structure nearly random function instrument, “the software is the instrument” the thought manifests once more in here.(5) Causing between the hardware test equipment and computers data exchange becomes very convenient, is direct and

21、 is rapid. Will use the hypothesized instrument technology, the test facility obtained test result real-time, will transmit computers memory or the hard disk directly through the computer main line, for the later analysis use. Thus, on the one hand has avoided the data transmission question, on the

22、other hand may use computers memory function fully. (6) Using the personnel to be possible or uses the existing analysis module through the software programming, according to the project actual need real-time, carries on each kind of analysis and processing directly to the test data.3 Street-traffic

23、 control lights control policy and electronic information import analysis The street-traffic control lights control policys goal is the solution hands over the through flow question, and using each algorithm minimum vehicles journey expenditure. Many street-traffic control lights controller research

24、s focal point is green when the compatibility, perhaps control circulation order. In practical life multipurpose fixed cycle controller, this fixed cycle controller can bring the simplification which the street-traffic control lights control system realizes, but will also bring the transportation ge

25、neral time the extreme waste. Because its green light recursive sequence is certain, does not consider the transportation information, therefore certainly will have such situation occurrence: In a street intersection not the how much vehicles actually long-time when holds is green, in other street i

26、ntersection has many vehicles are actually unable to obtain are green when can only passive be at the waiting status. In order to solve fixed cycle controllers all sorts of malpractices, the people have made each kind of improvement to it. For example will enhance performance this characteristic in

27、view of a crowded road section green light cycle longer Vietnam, the people will cause it regarding the busy road section primordial consideration change green. And proposed the signal light displacement quantity, namely defines one cycle to be opposite in other street-traffic control lights cycle b

28、eginning time displacement quantity. We can adjust this displacement quantity to cause several street-traffic control lights to carry on the cooperation, for example street-traffic control lights synchronization detention. Moreover in view of may the compound event, the introduction table record pec

29、uliar circumstance hypothesis. Although these improvements already to a certain extent optimized the traffic condition, but static controllers all sorts of malpractices still existed. For example its parameter hypothesis work huge, and the controller needs to have the rule along with the transportat

30、ion situation change to carry on the renewal; It is imperfect regarding accidents processing, once the accident occurs needs to make the massive manual updates to the system. Although the static controller may precise give the street intersection condition the duration, but still needed to adjust ma

31、ny details. Has provided the solution possibility along with the intelligence traffic light control systems appearance to these questions, namely solves the traffic control problem with the intelligent algorithm. Such intelligent system may not use the consideration control circulation, how was the

32、decision making decided by at that time the transportation street intersection real situation, like this might a more precise control. According to whether to join the intelligent algorithm to be possible to divide into the street-traffic control lights control policy 2 kinds: Tradition control poli

33、cy, intelligent control strategy. And the tradition control policy includes: Fixed cycles, longest Waiting line, relatively longest Waiting line control policy and so on; The intelligent control strategys core algorithm includes: Fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, income barrel algorithm, improvement s

34、trengthening learning algorithm, neural network and these algorithm different combination and optimization. The electronic information technologys fast development causes it to be getting more and more widespread at the intelligent traffic light control application aspect, this is mainly because its

35、 technologys superiority decided that namely the user may define own special-purpose instrument system through the electron, and the function is flexible, very easy to construct, therefore the application is extremely widespread, especially in domains and so on scientific research, development, surv

36、ey, examination, measurement, observation is the rare good tool. The electronic information technological advance, conforms to internationally popularly “the hardware software” trend of development, thus is often called as “the software instrument”. Especially under the electronic information techno

37、logy supports hypothesized instrument technology function is formidable, may realize the oscilloscope, the logical analyzer, the spectrometer, the signal generating device and so on many kinds of ordinary instrument complete functions, matches may also examine the specific systems parameter by the s

38、pecial-purpose probe head and the software, like motor car engine parameter, gasoline marking, dry kiln temperature, blood pulse wave, heart electrical parameter and so on many kinds of data; It operates nimbly, contact Imaging surface completely, the style is brief, conforms to the traditional equi

39、pments use custom, the user then rapidly does not grasp the working instruction after training; It integrates conveniently, not only may with the high speed data gathering equipment constitution automatic sizing system, moreover may with the control device constitution automatic control system. Alon

40、g with the computer technology in the survey systems widespread application, the traditional instrumentation equipment lacks the corresponding computer connection, thus the coordination data acquisition and the data processing are very difficult, moreover, the traditional instrument volume is relati

41、vely huge, many kinds of data surveys often feel have too many problems to tackle, helpless. We often see on the transportation communication link the staggered line cable and many testing components, not only however causes the survey crews under the integrated electronic information technologys hy

42、pothesized measurement system to pile from the complicated instrument liberates, moreover may also realize the automatic sizing, the automatic recording, the automatic data processing. Side of its convenience does not need to talk too much firmly, but the facility cost reduces largely actually may n

43、ot mention. May realize 3 kind of face color light alternate lightening based on electronic informations intelligent traffic light control system, passes through safely through the information cue direction vehicles and the pedestrian, and can the real-time monitor traffic light active status. This

44、system not only programs is simple, is nimble, has the high reliability, moreover the cost is low, has the good economic efficiency. 电子信息技术在智能交通信号灯控制中的应用1 引言城市化进程的日益加快和汽车的日益普及，事故频发、交通拥挤加剧、路况日益恶化，交通问题已经成为困扰全世界的严重问题。由此导致的交通秩序的恶化已严重影响了现代化的城市建设和国民经济的发展。研究车辆的通行规律，根据实际情况制定相应的通行规则对缓解交通阻塞，提高路口车辆通行的效率具有非常重要的

45、现实意义。交通信号灯是管理交通网络的最重要元素，而街道各路口又是车辆通行的关键所在。随着电子信息技术的迅猛发展，其相关的虚拟仪器技术在数据采集、自动测试和仪器控制领域得到广泛应用，使测试系统和测量控制的设计方法与实现技术发生了深刻的变化。“软件就是仪器”已经成为测试与测量技术发展的重要标志。2 基于电子信息技术的虚拟仪器技术发展及应用分析基于电子信息技术的虚拟仪器技术是新世纪科学技术中的核心技术之一，它包含了计算机技术、自动控制技术、信息技术、电子技术等多方面。美国国家仪器公司于20世纪80年代中期首先提出基于计算机技术的虚拟仪器的概念，把虚拟测试技术带入新的发展时期，随后研制和推出了基于多种

46、总线系统的虚拟器。虚拟仪器突破了传统电子仪器以硬件为主体的模式，实际上是一种基于计算机的自动化测试仪器系统。虚拟仪器通过软件将计算机硬件资源与仪器硬件有机地融合为一体，从而把计算机强大的计算处理能力和仪器硬件的测量、控制能力结合在一起，大大缩小了仪器硬件的成本和体积，并通过软件实现对数据的显示、存储以及分析处理。虚拟仪器是由计算机、应用软件和仪器硬件组成的。通过应用程序将通用计算机和功能模块硬件结合起来，用户可以通过友好的图形界面来操作这台计算机，完成对测试数据的采集、分析、判断、显示和数据处理等功能。虚拟仪器系统中的硬件仅仅是为了解决信号的调理和输入输出。与传统的电子仪器相比，虚拟仪器以软件

47、取代了部分的硬件，用软件实现了数据读取、数据分析处理、数据显示等传统仪器只能用硬件实现的功能。虚拟仪器通过友好的图形界面操作这台计算机，就像在操作自己定制的一台传统仪器一样。它以透明的方式把计算机资源和仪器硬件的测量、控制能力结合在一起，通过软件实现数据的分析处理、表达。以这种方式构成的虚拟仪器系统实质上就是计算机仪器系统，从某种意义上来说，“软件就是仪器”。虚拟仪器具有以下一些特点：（1）仪器的功能和性能的实现大多采用硬件软件化或以软件代硬件技术来完成复杂的控制、分析或处理等能力，强调“软件就是仪器”的新概念，在虚拟仪器中，除了必备的硬件外，解决了传统仪器单个仪器资源不能共享的现状。（2）由

48、计算机来完成显示、存储、打印及微处理器控制管理等，即无论任何功能的仪器可利用或共享计算机的这些公共资源，而无需重复的设计。（3）模块化、开放性、互换性的特点和资源的重复性，并可方便、经济地组建或重构自动测试系统，用户可根据自己的需要选购不同功能的卡式或模块化仪器，并可随测试任务的不同而灵活组合，提高仪器资源的可再用性。（4）自定义仪器功能。传统仪器在出厂时其功能已经由厂商确定，用户不能根据自己的需求随时进行修改，只能一机一用，而虚拟仪器则可借助通用的数据采集装置，编制不同的软件测试方案，构造几乎任意功能的仪器，“软件就是仪器”的思想在这里再次体现。（5）使硬件测试设备与计算机之间的数据交流变得

49、非常方便、直接和迅速。采用虚拟仪器技术，测试设备所得的测试结果将会实时、直接地通过计算机总线传输到计算机的内存或硬盘，供以后分析使用。这样，一方面避免了数据传输的问题，另一方面可以充分地利用计算机的存储功能。（6）使用人员可以通过软件编程或采用现有的分析模块，根据工程的实际需要实时、直接地对测试数据进行各种分析与处理。3 交通信号灯控制策略及电子信息化的重要性分析交通信号灯控制策略的目的是解决交通流问题，并利用各种算法来最小化车辆的旅程花费。许多交通信号灯控制器研究的焦点都是绿时的适应性，或是控制循环的顺序。实际生活中多用固定周期控制器，这一固定周期控制器会带来交通信号灯控制系统实现的简单化，但也会带来交通通行时间的极度浪费化。由于其绿灯循环顺序一定，并不考虑交通信息，所以一定会有这样的情况发生：一个路口上没有多少车辆却长久的占有绿时，另外一个路口上有很多的车辆却无法得到绿时只能被动的处于等待状态。为了解决固定周期控制器的种种弊端，人们对其做了各种改进。例如针对拥挤路段绿灯周期越长越会提高性能这一特性