综采工作面的安全性分析-外文资料翻译.docx

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1、外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：Safety Analysis on Fully Mechanized Mining FaceLiyun WUYuzhong YANGSchool of Energy Science & Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,454003,Henan,ChinaAbstract：The safety of fully mechanized mining face was analyzed with man-machine-environment system engineering theory and m

2、ethodologyThe causes and countermeasures of human errors are put forwardThe relationship between casualty accident and workersstuff and fatigue is analyzedCasualty accident is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using ETA and FTA methodsGrey correlative analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis are

3、used to analyze environment factorsFinally, the safety of fully mechanized mining face in Xinzhuang coal mine is evaluated with grey entropy synthetic evaluation modelThe problems existing in fully mechanized mining face are pointed outKeywords：safety analysis; man-machine-environment system enginee

4、ring; fully mechanized mining face1IntroductionMan-Machine-Environment System Engineering is a new and developing comprehensive frontier science which came into being at the beginning of 1980sIt analyzes and researches man, machine, environment of the system, which are the three main factors in the

5、system, and their relationship between them so that the whole system is in the condition of safety and high efficiency in the light of systemFully mechanized mining has been the mainstream technology in coal mining for the sake of its safety and high efficiency with the advancement of science and te

6、chnologyAt the same time, it is also the approach for coal mines to enhance its output and economic benefitHowever, the underground working face accidents happen frequently1,which has heavily affected and restricted the safety and the production of coal minesAs a result, it is significant to deeply

7、research and analyze the safety of man-machine-environment system in fully mechanization mining face2Analysis of human factorMan is the main body, the key to create wealth and to attain the aim in the man-machine-environment systemOn the other hand, man is also the main factor to induce accidentsThe

8、 combination of mans unsafe behavior and unsafe machinery that is usually formed by man induces accident to happen21Causes of human errors and control of them211causes of human errorsThe author considers that a human error means the man didnt finish the prescriptive function or didnt finish the pres

9、criptive function in time under the prescriptive conditionsAs a result, man, machine or environment of the system suffers loss to some extentThe following causes inducing human errors are analyzed through investigating some coal mines(1)Safety awareness is so dim that workers usually act against rul

10、es(2)Character of workers is giddy-brained(3)Physiological factorSome weaknesses of human in physiology are the root of human errors(4)Mental obstacle(5)Stuff of workers is low(6)FatigueUnusual state and other special conditions(7)Defects of machine(8)Environmental factors212Control of human errorsO

11、n the basis of analyzing and grasping the causes of human errors, we can take some countermeasures to decrease human errorsFirstly, the safety management system, which takes man as the center, should be establishedSecondly, on the basis of management system, it is important to make man safetyThese c

12、ountermeasures mainly include safety law education, safety knowledge education, safety skill education, safety idea education, typical accident education, biorhythm and safety measuresThirdly, all works should be standardFourthly, working environment should be improved greatlyFifthly, it is importan

13、t to design good interface for decreasing human errorsSixthly, safety culture should be spark plugged in enterprises22 Analysis of human fuzzy reliabilityAccording to the theory of Hinesburg and Maslow, the hierarchy figure of human fuzzy reliability is established as Figure1Fuzzy reliabilitySociali

14、ty needSelf-fulfillment needRespect needSafety needPhysiology needSalaryWorking conditionSense of obiligationSense of successPolicy managementwelfarePromotion Fig1 the hierarchy figure of human fuzzy reliabilityAccording to the theory of analytic hierarchy process2,we can calculate weight Wi of ever

15、y indexAnd then we invite some experts to evaluate the real value Di of every index, thus we can calculate fuzzy reliability of some one or some colony with the following formula (1)The authors calculate the fuzzy reliability of workers in fully mechanized mining face of Xinzhuang coal mineFirstclas

16、sify all the 146 workers to 5 groups according to their ageSecondly, calculate the fuzzy reliability of every groupThe results are：0988,0994,0993,0995 and 099Finally, calculate the fuzzy reliability of the whole groupThe result is 09924Mental factors, physiological factors and environmental factors

17、are considered in the model of fuzzy reliabilityThis makes some progress in the aspect of human reliabilityThere are some defects in this model yet23Relationship between accidents and human factors231Relationship between mining accident and stuff of workersThe relationship between mining face death

18、accidents and flesh wound accidents from 1999 to 2004 taking place in Xinzhuang mine and workersage, length of service, cultural degree are explored with the method of figure analysisTaking the death accident as an example, Figure 2 to Figure 4 shows that death accidents in mining face decrease with

19、 the rise of agethe increase of length of service, the upgrade of cultural degree from the general tendencyFig2 Age distribution of death tollFig3 Length of service distribution of death tollFig4 Culture degree distribution of death toll232Relationship between mining accidents and fatigueFatigue wil

20、l make peoples feeling enginery weakened, it will also make peoples hearing and visual acuity declining, reaction time to complex stimulation is larger than usual, accuracy is lower than usualTherefore fatigue is very harmful to mining safetyThe causes of mining workers fatigue mainly focus on the f

21、ollowing(1)Working time is long and resting time is insufficient(2)Influence of environment factors such as illumination, yawp and task space etc(3)High task intensity(4)Unskilled workers(5)Tedious task(6)Some mental causesOn the basis of grasping the causes of underground workers fatigue, we can ta

22、ke some measures to prevent or relieve fatigueIn general, countermeasures are mainly as following(1)Innovate working schedule to arrange working time and resting time rationally(2)Pick out adaptable persons(3) Improve working environment(4)Eliminate mine workers mental fatigue(5) Enhance the level o

23、f mechanization and automation3Analysis of machine factorsMachine is an important factor in Man-machine-environment systemThe effect of machine is more and more important with the advancement of mechanizationAt the same time, accidents induced by machinery are more than ever31Event tree analysisEven

24、t tree analysis is an important method for system safety analysis3It can ascertain different states of system and their probability of occurrenceThe event tree chart for normal production in fully mechanized mining face is constructedAt the same time, system states and their probability of occurrenc

25、e are calculatedOn the basis of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis for this event tree, the corresponding countermeasures to decrease system failures are put forward32Fault tree analysisFault tree analysis is an important method for system safety analysis4Its content mainly includes solv

26、ing the minimum cut set, the minimum track set, probability of occurrence of top eventStructural significance, probability significance and critical significance of fault treeFault tree chart of scraper conveyor in fully mechanized mining face is established and the qualitative analysis and quantita

27、tive analysis of the fault tree are carried outAccording to analyzing results, some countermeasures to prevent accident from happening are put forward4Analysis of environment factorsIn man-machine-environment system, environment is a fundamental factor influencing system safetyIt is the soil where u

28、nsafe behavior of workers and unsafe state of machinery are produced41Grey correlative analysis between, mining accidents and environmental-factorsOn the basis of analyzing qualitatively the influence of main environment factors to coal mining safety, the relationship between mining accidents and en

29、vironment factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination, yawp and gas is analyzed with the method of grey correlative analysis5First, make the original data standardizedSecondly, calculate the correlative coefficientFinally, work out grey correlative degreeThe calculation result indicates that

30、 grey correlative degree between mining accidents and gas is the largestTherefore, gas is preponderant factor influencing mining accidents in Xinzhuang coal mine42Fuzzy clustering analysis of mining laces environmentClustering analysis is a method to classify objects according to some conditions or

31、attributes of the objectsIt is widely used in production and daily life Environmental factors in mining faces are complex and uncertainSo how to classify is fuzzyFirst, make the original data standardizedSecondly, establish fuzzy relationshipFinally, classify objects with the method of fuzzy cluster

32、ing analysis6All the mining faces in Xinzhuang coal mine are classified with this methodThe result indicates that the environment of fully mechanized mining face is the bestThe result also tells us how to improve the coal mining environment and where is the emphasis to strengthen managementThis help

33、s to decrease environmental influence to mining accidents and to improve mining safety43Countermeasures to improve underground environmentAfter analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of underground environmental factors to mining accidents, we can distinguish the primary from the s

34、econdaryWe can take some measures such as strengthening ventilation, installing air conditioner, eliminating noisy devices etc to improve underground environment so as to improve mining safety and ensure workers safety and sustained efficient production5Grey entropy, synthetic evaluation on safety o

35、f mining faces51Grey entropySuppose a finite discrete sequence X=xi | i=1,2,n,grey entropy of sequence X is defined by (2)If xi=0,let xi ln xi=052Balanced degreeGrey entropy is the measure to balance degree of elements in discrete sequence X in terms of grey entropy increase theorem7The greater grey

36、 entropy is the more balanced the discrete sequence isFor a discrete sequence with n elements the maximum entropy is a constant ln n which is only relevant with the number, of elements in sequence when all elements are equalThus, balanced degree of sequence can be defined by B=H(X)/Hm (3)Where Hm is

37、 the maximum grey entropy53Grey correlative degreeGrey correlative degree is the measure to adjacent degree between the reference sequence and relative sequenceIt can be calculated by correlative coefficients8The correlative coefficient can be calculated by the following equation (4)Where is disting

38、uished coefficient, it is in the range from 0 to 1Usually it is 05Grey correlative degree can be expressed as (5)Where is grey correlative degree between the reference sequence and the relative sequence54Model of multi-level grey entropy synthetic evaluationIf the evaluation indices lie in different

39、 levelsWe should apply the model of multi-level grey entropy synthetic evaluationMulti-level evaluation model is similar to single level evaluation modelThe second-order evaluation results from the first-order evaluation matrixThe evaluation result matrix can be obtained by weight vector and the eva

40、luation matrix in view of the significance difference of indices in the first levelIt can be expressed by W=A (6)where is the balanced adjacent degree matrix55Synthetic evaluation on mining faces in Xinzhuang coal mineTable 1 shows evaluation indices and original data of mining faces in Xinzhuang co

41、al mineAt first, the second-order synthetic evaluations are carried out respectivelyThe process of evaluation is omittedThe evaluation results are shown in Table 2Table 1 Original data of mining facesmanmachineenvironmentEvaluation indexe1e2Average age/aLength of service/aAverage length of education

42、/aAverage professional trainingTime/d26.56.79.311229.35.98.8115Perfect rate/%Rate for maintenance/%Failure rate/%97.92.08.198.12.39.4Temperature/Humidity /%Yawp/dB(A)Illumination/IxGas/%27.692901020.526.29595830.3Table 2 the second-order evaluation resultsEvaluation indexBalanced adjacent degreee1e2

43、ManMachineEnvironment 0.580.290.550.530.280.64The second-order evaluation results form the first-order evaluation matrixThe weights of first-level indices call be calculated by AHPAccording to Eq.9,the synthetic evaluation results can be expressed as following (7)According to evaluation rules, el is

44、 better than e2We can draw some useful conclusions from the evaluation on mining facesDuring the second-order evaluation, we can find out some problems existing in man、machine and environment of mining faces6ConclusionThe article analyzes deeply man、machine and environment of fully mechanized mining

45、 face systemSome useful conclusions are drawn outThe existing problems are pointed outThe corresponding countermeasures are put forwardThese conclusions have been applied in Xinzhuang coal mineFurthermore, safety of fully mechanized mining face has been improved greatlyReferences1State Administratio

46、n of Coal Mine SafetyComprehensive analysis on countrywide coalmine safety in 2005http:/www.chinacoal-2Yurdakul,MustafaAHP approach in the credit evaluation of the manufacturing firms in TurkeyInternational Journal of Production Economics,2004,88(3):269-2893Adamo Maria,De Carolis Giacomo,Morelli San

47、draMonitoring atmospheric gravity waves by means of SARMODIS imagery and high-resolution ETA atmospheric model：A case studyEuropean Space Agency(Special Publication),2006,613：12-184Tang Ai-Ping,Ou Jin-Ping,Lu Qin-NianLifeline system network reliability calculation based on GIS and FTAJournal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series),2006,13(4)：398-4035Yeh Yi-Lun