英美文学选读考前总复习中英文版.doc

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1、一. What is the theme of Beowulf?这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。这首诗是自然界神话与英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an examp

2、le of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.二. 莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。（二） 四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运与整个国家的命运息息相关。3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白 的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行1.Shakespeares four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Oth

3、ello, King Lear, and Macbeth. 2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. 3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally gi

4、ve up his power; and Macbeths lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes三. 试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。1.主要特点是既不是仅仅是个人的也不是类型；他们是代表某些类型的个人。每个字符都有他或她自己的个性；与此同时，他们可能与别人分享功能。2.通过运用心理分析的方法，莎士比亚成功探索刻画心灵。3.莎士比亚很少发明自己的情节；相反，他借用他们的一些旧的戏剧或故事书，或从古希腊和古罗马的来源。4.在他的著作中，伪装也是重要的设备，打造戏剧反讽，通常伪装成男人的女人。5.他在

5、不同的诗歌形式，就像这首十四行诗、空白的诗句，押韵一样经常巧妙地写道。1.Shakespeares major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones;they are individuals representing certain types.each character has his or her own personalities;meanwhile,they may share features with others. 2.By applying a psycho-analytic approach,

6、Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters inner mind. 3.Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots;instead,he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks,or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. 4.In his writings,disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony,usually with woma

7、n disguised as man. 5.He often wrote skillfully in different poetic forms,like the sonnet,the blank verse,and the rhymed couplet.四. 简要讨论为什么莎士比亚的哈姆雷特让人印象深刻。1.在Shakespeare主人公是行动的的戏剧哈姆雷特 指出的他hesitation采取他的复仇，他忧郁的性质，只能拒绝做任何事情的可能性。2.他终于知道他的父亲被谋杀了，他成了国王的叔叔。他恨他太深了，他想杀了他。但他热爱他守寡的母亲，后来嫁给了他的叔叔。这使他陷入麻烦。3.当他打算杀

8、死他的叔叔，他不敢伤害他的母亲。也，当一切准备好让他杀死他的叔叔，他还是原谅了他因为他的叔叔向上帝祈祷，为他的罪行。因此，他失去了很好的机会。4.哈姆雷特 代表他那个时代的人文精神。1.The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare is play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge,his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything.2.He came to know that his father was m

9、urdered by his uncle who became king.He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him.But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle.This made him deep in trouble.3.When he planned to kill his uncle,he was afraid to hurt his mother.And also,when everything was ready for him to kill his

10、 uncle,he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime.Thus he lost good chance.4.Hamlet represented humanism of his time.五. 为什么在他的时代约翰 弥尔顿是最伟大的作家？在他的生活中，弥尔顿显示出自己真正的革命，诗圣，一位伟大的散文作家。他争取自由的各个方面作为一个基督教的人文主义者，虽然他在文学的成就使他在他那个时代的所有其他英语作家塔和施加很大的影响，在后来的。In his life,Milton shows himself a real

11、revolutionary,a master poet and a great prose writer.He fought for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanist,while his achievements in literature make him tower over all the other English writers of his time and exert a great influence over later ones.根据失乐园这首诗的设置，讨论的主题，作者的内涵，创造它，这首诗表达的含义。 失乐园 这

12、首诗的主题是人类的堕落即勒芒抗命和天堂，丧失其主要的原因-撒旦。2.写这首诗的作者意图是以公开的方式向撒旦证明上帝的方式待人。3.在这首诗，作者隐式关切他基本的自由和选择，他相信圣经 启示的不容置疑的事实意味着全知的上帝只是在让亚当和夏娃被诱惑和他们的自由意志的选择罪恶和其必然的惩罚。The theme of the poem “Paradise Lost”is the” Fall of Man,” i.e. mans disobedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause-Satan. 2.The authors intenti

13、on to write this poem is to expose the ways of Satan to” justify the ways of God to men.”3.In this poem,the author implicitly expresses his fundamental concern with freedom and choice and his belief that the unquestionable truth of biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowi

14、ng Adam and eve to be tempted and of their free will to choose sin and its inevitable punishment.通过分析珀西雪莱的诗，讨论他的诗歌艺术。1.雪莱是激烈和原始的抒情诗人，在英语语言中。2.他的诗是充满古典神话中的典故。3.他的风格盛产拟人化和隐喻和其他修辞格。4.他生动地描述了我们看到的和感觉的或表达热情使我们感动。1.Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.2.His p

15、oems are full of classical and mythological allusions.3.His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech.4.He describes vividly what we see and feel,or express what passionately moves us.基于她的著作，讨论简 奥斯丁是英国文学的最大贡献。简 奥斯丁是英国文学最重要的浪漫主义小说家。她创建六个有影响力的小说。2.她的主要文学关注是关于人类在他们的人际关系，

16、使她的小说具有普遍的意义。3.简 奥斯汀作为一种艺术形式带来了本英文小说，因为她对人类行为的普遍规律和她准确描绘的人类个体的敏感性是成熟。4.她描述了一个女人从世界角度来看，并描绘了一群真实的和常见的妇女。 Based on her writings,discuss Jane Austen is greatest contribution to English literature.Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in English literature. She creates six influent

17、ial novels. 2.Her main liteary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships, which make her novels have a universal significance. 3.Jane Austen has brought the English novel,as an art of form,to is maturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and her a

18、ccurate portrayal of human individuals. 4.She describes the world from a woman is point of view,and depicts a group of authentic and common women. 你如何理解狄更斯是维多利亚时代最伟大的批判现实主义作家？1.在他的作品，狄更斯设置出一张完整的地图和十九世纪埃克斯大量的批评是他严重的内涵予以揭露、批评他的作品中，所有贫穷、不公正、 虚伪和腐败他周围所看到。2.与他的第一句话，狄更斯吸引读者的注意和拿着它到永远。3.他的设置具有非同寻常的生动性。4.在语

19、言中，他常常被比较与莎士比亚因为他熟练使用方言和很大的词汇量。5.人物形象是最有特色的作品。6.狄更斯作品的特点也是交织在一起的幽默与感伤。1.In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a large-scale criticism of the nineteenth century England.It is his serious intension to expose and criticize in his works all the poverty,injustice,hypocrisy and corruptness he sees

20、 around him2.With his first sentence,Dickens engages the readers attention and holds it to the end。3.The settings of his have an extraordinary vividness.4.In language,He is often compared with Shakespeare for his adeptness with the vernacular and large vocabulary.5.Character-portrayal is the most di

21、stinguishing feature of his works.6.Dickens works are also characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.你认为可以合理的Heathciff 的上述指控的凯瑟琳的背叛吗？如果你这样想，凯瑟琳在这方面要背叛希斯克里夫和他们的爱情又有什么理由？A.希斯克里夫的指控是可以辩解的。她的背叛这个原因可能是：（1）真没想到她对林惇的性格开朗，他丰富的知识和他优雅的举止感到。() 2她的虚荣使她渴望一种上流社会的家庭生活和社会地位。() 3她害怕她可能会遭受贫穷和被降级，如果她结婚到Heathecli

22、ff。() 4她幻想如果她嫁给了林顿，她可能有办法帮助heathecliff中得到良好的教育，成为一位绅士，好让他们能团结没有正在退化。(呼啸山庄)A.Heathcliffs accusation can be justified. B.The reasons of her betrayal may be:(1)The fancy she felt for lintons pleasant personality,his rich knowledge,and his elegant manners.(2)Her vainglory made her desire a kind of upper

23、 class life and social status.(3)She was afraid that she might suffer poverty and be degraded if she had got married to Heathecliff.(4)She fancied if she got married to linton,she might have the means to help heathecliff in getting a good education and becoming a gentleman so that they could be unit

24、ed without being degraded.自然主义和批评是如何反映在哈代的小说？1.在他的作品中，男人是显示不可避免地受他自己的固有性质和促使他去寻找一些特定幸福或成功，设置他与环境冲突的遗传特征。外部性质的自然环境或大自然 表现为一些神秘的超自然力量，非常强大，但半盲、冲动和对个人的意愿、希望、热情或痛苦漠不关心。2.虽然自然主义似乎哈代的作品中发挥了重要作用，也是激烈和尖锐的批评和非理性的、虚伪的和不公平的维多利亚机构、公约和扼杀个体的道德甚至公开挑战会并摧毁自然人类的情感和关系。1.In his works,man is shown inevitably bound by hi

25、s own inherent nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment.The outside nature the natural environment or nature herself -is shown as some mysterious supernatural force,very powerful but half-blind,

26、impulsive and uncaring to rhe individuals will,hope,passion or suffering.2.Though naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardys works,there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational,hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions,conventions and morals

27、 which strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships.试论苔丝在哈代作品中的命运苔丝是一个美丽的无辜的农家女孩。家庭的贫困迫使她自称与深水但富有的德贝维尔亲属关系。亚历克，威伯的花花公子，少爷诱使苔丝和她怀孕。苔丝回到家，以后生个胖娃娃，很快就死去的人。民意的力量苔丝要离开家奶牛场工作。在那里她遇到了一位牧师的儿子安琪尔 克莱尔。这两个彼此相爱。新婚之夜，天使使坦白了他过去的耗散和容易原谅的苔丝，但是当苔丝揭示了她自己的过去，安琪儿只是不会原谅她，离弃她那天晚上。无奈和绝

28、望，苔丝不得不流浪从一个地方到另一个地方，做最艰苦的工作和轴承的最恶劣的侮辱。当她父亲的去世对她转移家庭的整个负担，她被迫回到亚历克，现在是一位传教士。没过多久，忏悔的天使从国外回来，苔丝，亚历克，把所有的责备她不幸的起因杀死她出逃与天使，而是被警察抓住并处以绞刑。哈代在苔丝是要在他的时间批评社会创造了女主角苔丝。苔丝是一个悲惨的人只是因为她不能接受的社会，农业受到入侵资本主义的力量的威胁。所以在某种程度上，我们说，苔丝的命运是由她的社会决定Tess is a beautiful, innocent peasant girl. the poverty of the family forces

29、her to claim kinship with the sham but rich dUrbervilles. Alec, the young master of the dUrbervilles, a dandy, seduces Tess and impregnates her. Tess returns home and later gives birth to a baby, who dies soon. Peoples opinion forces Tess to leave home to work on a dairy farm. there she meets Angel

30、Clare, son of a clergyman. The two fall in love with each other.On their wedding night, Angel makes a confession about his past dissipation and readily forgiven by Tess,but when Tess reveals her own past, Angel just wouldnt forgive her and deserts her that very night. helpless and hopeless,Tess has

31、to wander from place to place,doing the hardest work and bearing the harshest insult. when her fathers death transfers the whole burden of the family on her, she is forced to go back to Alec,now a preacher. before long, the repentant Angel returns from abroad, Tess, putting all the blames of her unh

32、appiness on Alec, kills him.she flees with Angel but is caught by the police and hanged. Hardy created the heroine Tess in Tess of the dUrbervilles just to criticize the society in his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by

33、the forces of invading capitalism. so in a way, we say, Tess fate is decided by her society人文主义的特点是什么？1.以人为本是文艺复兴的精髓。2.人文主义者见到人类是崇高的生命个体发育中的方向完善，能够和世界他们居住是他们不是看不起，而是质疑、探索以及享受。3.他们还相信男人不仅有权享受这生活之美，但有能力自己变得完美，并创造出奇迹1.Humanism is the essence of Renaissance.2.Humanists see that human beings were gloriou

34、s creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfec-tion,and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question,explore,and enjoy.3.They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life,but had the ability to perfect himself

35、 and to perform wonders在浪漫主义文学的特点是什么？请讨论有关一个或两个例子的上述问题。1.在诗歌创作中浪漫主义雇用新的理论和创新的新技术。2.浪漫主义不仅颂扬想象力，系外，也可以提升自发性和灵感的概念。3.他们把自然视为诗的意境和占有绝对主体地位的主要来源。4.浪漫主义者也倾向于民族主义。1.In poetry writing,the romanticist employed new theories and innovated new techniques.2.The romanticist not only extol the faculty of imaginat

36、ion,but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration. 3.They regarded nature as the major source of poetic poetic imagery and the dominant subject.4.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.讨论新古典主义和浪漫主义之间的区别。（如何是浪漫主义与新古典主义不同？ 提供简短的证据，从文学作品你最好知道。）1.Nco 古典主义坚持艺术理想应该是顺序、逻辑、压抑的情绪和准确性，和那文学应该衡量

37、其为人类服务，因此，文学的表达式应该是比例、统一、和谐和恩典。.2.浪漫主义倾向于视个人为中心的所有经验，包括艺术，和因此，文学作品应该是自发的强烈的感情，流无论多么断断续续那些经历都是（华兹华斯的我孤独漫游像一朵云或孤独的收割者）工作的价值在于呈现这些独特的情怀和特定态度的准确性。3.总之，Nco 古典主义强调合理性和形式，但浪漫主义非常重视个人的心灵。 discuss, in relation to the works you know, the difference between Romanticism and nco-classicism. (How is romanticism d

38、ifferent from neoclassicism?provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.)Nco-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions shou

39、ld be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. . 2.romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous over flow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworths I Wandered lo

40、nely as a cloud, or the solitary reaper) the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes. 3.In a word, Nco-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individuals mind.为什么抒情歌谣集 被认为英国浪漫主义的里程碑？1.在这本

41、书中，华兹华斯和柯尔律治探索新的理论和创新在诗歌创作中的新技术。2.抒情歌谣集序言作为新学校的宣言。在前言部分，华兹华斯定义诗歌和诗人。3.华兹华斯的诗歌在这本书中不同的标记的方式，从他早期的诗歌；简约的语言、 同情穷人和表达的内在的心理状态。1.in this book, Wordsworth and Coleridge explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing. 2.the preface to the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the ne

42、w school. In the preface, Wordsworth defines poetry and poets. 3. Wordsworths poems in this book differ in marked ways from his early poetry; simplicity of the language,sympathy for the poor, and expressions of inward states of mind.一、什么是新古典主义？1.与启发运动引入英国，老的经典作品感兴趣的复兴是如火如荼。这种倾向被称为新古典主义。古典主义，一切形式的文学是

43、以模仿古希腊和古罗马作家的经典作品（荷马、 维吉尔、 贺拉斯、奥维德等，和那些当代法国人。他们认为理想的艺术应是逻辑的顺序、 抑制降级和准确性，以及文学应该衡量其为人类服务。1.With the introduction of the Enlighten Movement into England,a revival of interest in the old classical works was in full swing.This tendency is known as neoclassicism. according to the neoclassicists, all forms

44、 of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers(Homer,Virgil,Horace,Ovid,etc,and those of the contemporary french ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrain demotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged

45、 in terms of its service to humanity.关于文学？古典主义的信仰是什么古典主义，一切形式是文学的要可仿照古代希腊和罗马作家的经典作品和那些当代法国的。他们认为理想的艺术应顺序、逻辑、压抑的情绪和准确性，和那文学应该衡量其为人类服务。According to the neoclassicists,all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek andRoman writers and those of the contemporar

46、y French ones.they believed that the artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy,and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.一.根据古典主义、新古典主义时期文学的标准是什么？古典主义已经固定规则几乎每一个流派的文学；散文应该是精确的、 直接的、 光滑和理学；诗歌应当是抒情、史诗、教诲、讽刺或戏剧化，和每个类应该遵循其自身的原则；戏剧应该写在英雄对联、三一律应严格

47、遵守、坚持在建设中的规律，应代表的典型人物，而不是个人。Neoclassicists had fixed rules for almost every genre of literature；Prose should be precise,direct,smooth and flexibl；Poetry should be lyrical,epical,didactic,satiric or dramatic,and each class should be guided by its own principle；Drama should be written in the heroic co

48、uplets,the three Unities should be strictly observed,regularity in construction should be adhered to,and the typical characters rather than individuals should be represented. 一、 什么是玄学派诗歌？谁是代表？它是一个术语，通常用于命名工作的17世纪作家写了在约翰 邓恩的影响之下。具有叛逆精神，玄学派诗歌试图从伊丽莎白时代的爱情诗的传统时尚。而伊丽莎白时期或新然后古典主义时期并反映了单词和普通语言的节奏。意象来自现实生活中

49、，窗体常常是与诗人的心爱的人，与上帝，或与自己的论点。 It is a term commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.With a rebellious spirit,the metaphysical poetry tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.The diction is simple as com