高中英语--完型填空逻辑关系(附注释).docx

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1、 完型填空-逻辑关系的利用教学目标：本课将从上海高考英语完型填空的题型特点出发，结合具体实例，归纳和讲解逻辑关系在解决完型填空题时的作用，以期能帮助高三学生提高做题能力。授课重点：分析上海高考英语完型填空题的命题特点，结合实例解析逻辑关系在解决相关题目时的作用。Introduction对于一篇文章而言，其段与段、句与句之间的衔接都包含着严密的逻辑关系。因此，把握好前后两个句子或两个段落之间的逻辑关系自然可以在一定程度上提高学生在做完型填空相关题目时的准确率。上海高考常见的逻辑关系题主要有：1）通过明确前后逻辑关系选择适当的连词。2）通过已知连词所表达的逻辑关系为空格处选择适当的词或短语。Pre

2、sentation（1）Everyone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily _1_ was not fascinating. She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. If someone had asked Cinderella, “Are there any kinds

3、 of _2_ work that you particularly hate?” she probably would have answered, “Why, none, of course. Housework is my duty!” In the real world, _3_, most people have definite _4_ for certain sorts of housework. 利用逻辑关系解题。第3题选C。空格前后讲了灰姑娘和现实生活中的普通人对待做家务的不同态度，故选C. however表示转折。第4题选B。前后转折，前面讲了灰姑娘不讨厌做家务，故此处选B

4、. dislikes表示不喜欢。Two of these tasks are ironing clothes and washing dishes.Ironing clothes is most hated _5_ it is not a task that can be completed quickly or thoughtlessly. 选B。利用逻辑关系解题。空格后是空格前的原因，故选B. because。Each piece of clothing must be handled _6_, so ironing a basket of laundry can take hours!

5、选C。利用逻辑关系解题。空格后so引导结果ironing a basket of laundry can take hours，故此处应选C. individually表示单独地。After ironing a piece of clothing with great care, you need to place it on a hanger as soon as possible. If you do not follow these directions carefully, it might become _7_ and you have to start over. Perhaps

6、that is why ironing is not a _8_ thing to do. It _9_ extreme attention to detail from beginning to end.Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes. _10_, some people claim that this work is no longer a problem because we have dishwashers now! 选C。利用逻辑关系解题。前后两句为一般承接关系，故选C. Of cour

7、se。However, no one would _11_ that dishes, silverware, and _12_ pots and pans washed in a dishwasher dont come out as clean as they do when washed by hand. 选C。利用逻辑关系解题。前后两句为递进关系，故选C. especially表示尤其地。For this reason, many of us_13_ to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it

8、.选C。利用逻辑关系解题。For this reason相当于Therefore，引导结果。根据前文所说的原因知道因为洗碗机洗的不够干净，很多人仍然“继续”用手洗餐具，故选C。 Cleaning dishes is a job that not only takes a lot of energy but also _14_ the patience to wash and dry them. _15_, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is a thing that usually must be done every day. 选A。利用逻辑关

9、系解题。前后内容之间为递进关系，故选A. In addition表示此外、另外。I dont know how Cinderella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do.1. A. paradeB. patternC. routineD. response2. A. householdB. patrioticC. invisibleD. mechanical3. A. moreoverB. henceC. howeverD. therefore 4. A.

10、 desiresB. dislikesC. opinionsD. appeals5. A. butB. becauseC. althoughD. so that6. A. gracefullyB. briefly C. individually D. neutrally7. A. suspendedB. transferredC. leakedD. wrinkled8. A. favouriteB. regularC. primaryD. painful9. A. calls onB. calls forC. takes onD. takes for10. A. As a resultB. I

11、n factC. Of courseD. For example11. A. argueB. admitC. agreeD. assume12. A. occasionallyB. constantlyC. especially D. classically13. A. attachB. refuseC. continueD. engage14. A. reducesB. regulatesC. removesD. requires15. A. In addition B. In a wordC. On the contraryD. By contrast其他答案解析：1.选C. 利用上下文信

12、息解题。根据后文She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. 知道此处应选C。daily routine意为：日常工作。parade（游行，检阅），pattern（花样，图案），response（回答，响应）均不符合文意。2.选A. 利用上下文信息解题。由上文She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals.知道灰姑娘从早到晚都在做家务，故选A. household。7.选D. 利用句内语义线索解题。句意为：如果你没有仔细遵循这些指令

13、，衣服可能会变皱，你不得不重新熨烫。wrinkled表示皱的。suspended（被暂时搁置的），transferred（转移的、调动的），leaked（漏的）均不符合句意。8.选A. 利用词汇、语义复现解题。由此段第1句Ironing clothes is most hated知道此处应选A。not favourite与hated语义一致。9.选B. 利用句内语义线索解题。句意为：熨烫衣服由始至终都需要极其关注细节。call for表示需要、要求。call on（号召、拜访、请求），take on（承担、呈现），take for（把认为是）均不符句意。11.选A. 利用句内语义线索解题。句意

14、为：没有人会争辩用洗碗机洗出来的盘子，银餐具，尤其是壶和平底锅不如手洗的干净。argue表示争论、争辩。14.选D. 利用句内语义线索解题。句意为：洗盘子需要耐心。（2）No one would be willing to pay one-third of the price for the packaging or wrapping of what he or she purchases. But over-packaging has become a disease that leads to an _1_ waste of resources and _2_ environmental

15、pollution.The wasted packaging materials are _3_ to be worth about 280 billion yuan annually. And such packages and wrappings thrown away by customers _4_ up half of the volume of solid waste in cities. _5_, it is high time that regulations were _6_ to stop enterprises from spending too much on unne

16、cessary packaging and wrapping.第5题选B。利用逻辑关系解题。空格前讲了过度包装造成的经济浪费，空格后讲了要采取措施阻止过度包装。前后内容为因果关系。故选B。To produce paper packaging or wrapping, many more trees have to be cut down. Over-packaging also limits the interest of consumers when they have to spend quite a high percentage on something that they will

17、have to throw into the dustbin. The simple truth is that the more a producer spends on packaging, the _7_ the products it sells will be.Product packaging and wrapping used to be very simple 30 years ago. Shabby was the word many had used to _8_ the way Chinese products were packaged. And shabby pack

18、aging was blamed for making Chinese products _9_ in the international market.It is _10_ to pay enough attention to packaging or wrapping products in such a manner that they can be _11_ to customers eyes. 利用逻辑关系解题。第10题选D，第11题选B。根据后一句的But知道前后为转折关系。故此句作者应该是肯定了适度包装能吸引顾客注意的观点。But that does not definitely

19、 justify that packaging should even outshine what is inside.In the Chinese proverb, “maidu huanzhu,” the buyer returns the pearl and just keeps the case because the _12_ is too fancy and luxurious. 选D。利用逻辑关系解题。because引导原因，根据too fancy and luxurious知道此处应选买椟还珠中贵的那个，即pearl。故选D。It not only laughs at the

20、poor _13_ of the buyer, but also criticizes the unnecessary _14_ the seller has made in making the case. Another message from the proverb is that over-packaging helps cultivate an _15_ consuming attitude - to buy fancy-looking stuff but not what they really need. 选B。利用逻辑关系解题。破折号表示解释说明，与空格处所填词的褒贬一致，故

21、选B。unhealthy在此可解释为“病态的”。1. A. enormousB. available C. invisible D. illegal2. A. results fromB. contributes toC. depends on D. calls for3. A. predictedB. requiredC. acknowledgedD. estimated4. A. lookB. holdC. makeD. add5. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. Furthermore6. A. observedB. brokenC. adopt

22、edD. forbidden7. A. betterB. more expensiveC. cheaperD. more useful8. A. recommendB. praiseC. considerD. criticize9. A. popularB. impressiveC. unattractiveD. qualified10. A. ridiculousB. incredibleC. unnecessaryD. reasonable11. A. accustomedB. appealingC. similarD. grateful12. A. formerB. nextC. oth

23、erD. latter13. A. judgmentB. eyesightC. appetiteD. health14. A. contributionsB. effortsC. progressD. use15. A. unfamiliarB. unhealthyC. unnaturalD. unavoidable其他答案解析：1.选A. 利用句内语义线索解题。enormous waste表示巨大的浪费。2.选B. 利用句内语义线索解题。contributes to environmental pollution表示造成环境污染。3.选D. 利用句内语义线索解题。estimate表示推测、估

24、算。4.选C. 利用句内语义线索解题。make up表示构成。look up（查阅），hold up（支撑、支持），add up（加起来、总计）均不符句意。5.选C. 利用句内语义线索解题。adopt表示采纳。7.选B. 利用上下文信息解题。根据上文Over-packaging also limits the interest of consumers when they have to spend quite a high percentage on something that they will have to throw into the dustbin.知道商品包装越多，售价越贵，故

25、选B。8.选D. 利用上下文信息解题。根据后文was blamed for知道Shabby是被批评的，故选D. criticize。9.选C. 利用上下文信息解题。根据前文was blamed for知道此处应选贬义词，故选C. unattractive。13.选A. 利用句内语义线索解题。judgment表示判断。eyesight（视力），appetite（食欲、欲望），health（健康）均不符句意。14.选B. 利用词汇辨义及搭配解题。efforts表示努力，即卖家在包装上所花的心思。知道这种消费态度是“不健康的”，故选B。unhealthy在此可解释为“病态的”。（3）With you

26、r workload growing, you may be telling yourself a vacation is one luxury you cant afford. But the _1_ is that you cant afford not to take one. 选C。利用逻辑关系解题。But表示转折，前面一句话说的是人们的“认为”，而But后面的话则表示的是“事实”。故选C。A vacation _2_ you the opportunity to recharge your physical and emotional _3_, disconnect from eve

27、ryday concerns, and return to work rested and _4_选A。利用逻辑关系解题。and前后为并列关系，故选A. refreshed（重新恢复精神的）与rested语义一致。. Some facts have proved employees are more _5_ after a vacation than before one. Here are some tips for you to plan your vacation to make sure that your time away from the office is worry free

28、.Time is right. A Robert Half survey shows that July and August are the most _6_ months for employees to take a break because these months offer ideal beach weather and many businesses _7_ during this time. 利用逻辑关系解题。第6题选A。根据because后面的内容知道7、8月是最适合休假的日子，故选A. favorable。第7题选C。根据and前后连接并列结构知道此空内容应该和前面的id

29、eal beach weather一样有利于度假，故选C. slow down。When planning your vacation, remember to _8_ any activity that your department will be focused on during that time. _9_, if a big task is planned for the summer, you may consider _10_ your trip until the fall利用逻辑关系解题。第9题选B。这句话是对前面内容的举例说明，故选B. For instance。第10题

30、选A。根据前面所讲的remember to take into account any activity that your department will be focused on during that time知道，如果公司有大任务要完成，则应该推迟自己的假期，故选A. postponing。.Turn to others for _11_. Ask trusted colleagues to handle your projects while youre away. Your supervisor can help you determine who is the most qua

31、lified for a particular task.Let your contacts know. Give colleagues and customers you frequently work with a few weeks notice before you start off. This will give them enough time to plan for your _12_.Conduct a _13_ review. Before you leave, make sure there is plenty of room in your e-mail inbox s

32、o you dont exceed your _14_ limit while youre out of the office, 选B。利用逻辑关系解题。so表示前后为因果关系。根据前面提到的plenty of room in your e-mail inbox知道此空应选B. storage表示储存。which might prevent you from sending messages when you return.In short, taking vacation is necessary and beneficial for your job. But you must plan

33、your vacation _15_ in order to be work free and worry free on holiday.1. A. ruleB. reasonC. truthD. risk2. A. enablesB. providesC. confirms D. allows3. A. musclesB. batteriesC. standardsD. memories4. A. refreshedB. exhaustedC. identifiedD. excluded5. A. sensitiveB. stressfulC. desperateD. productive

34、6. A. favorableB. elaborateC. challengingD. flexible7. A. clear upB. take over C. slow downD. shootup8. A. take charge of B. take into accountC. take up forD. take advantage of9. A. Whats more B. For instanceC. OtherwiseD. However10. A. postponingB. extendingC. stretchingD. adapting11. A. evaluation

35、B. possessionC. assistanceD. recommendation12. A. participationB. sakeC. absenceD. benefit13. A. historicalB. neutralC. resistantD. technical14. A. memoryB. storageC. terminalD. supply15. A. casuallyB. objectivelyC. properlyD. readily其他答案解析：2.选B. 利用句内语义线索解题。provides you the opportunity to 意为：为你提供了一个

36、的机会。3.选B. 利用句内语义线索解题。recharge your physical and motional batteries意为：为你的生理和心理的电池再次充电。5.选D. 利用上下文信息解题。根据前一句内容知道此处应选D. productive表示多产的。8.选B. 利用句内语义线索解题。take into account表示将考虑在内。11.选C. 利用上下文信息解题。根据后一句Ask trusted colleagues to handle your projects while youre away.知道此处应选C. assistance表示帮助。12.选C. 利用上下文信息解

37、题。根据上下文内容知道“you”是要去休假，故此处选C. absence。13.选D. 利用上下文信息解题。根据后文所提到的e-mail inbox，sending messages等内容知道此空与网络技术有关，应选D. technical。15.选C. 利用上下文信息解题。通读全文内容知道对假期要有恰当的准备，故选C. properly。Focused Practice（1）Is talking on a cell phone hazardous(有害的) to your health? It is difficult to know for sure. Some research sugg

38、ests that _1_ users of mobile phones are at a greater risk of developing brain tumours(肿瘤). _2_, many other studies suggest there are no links between cancer and cell phone use. 选B。利用逻辑关系解题。由前句的heavy users of mobile phones are at a greater risk of developing brain tumours和这句话中的there are no links bet

39、ween cancer and cell phone use知道前后两句话之间的逻辑关系为转折，故选B. However。The main problem with the current research is that mobile phones have only been _3_ since the 1990s. _4_, it is impossible to study the long term exposure of cell phone use.选D。利用逻辑关系解题。此句话是前句的结果，故选D. As a result。 This _5_ many health profe

40、ssionals who point out that many cancers take at least 10 years to develop. Another concern about these studies is that many have been funded by those who _6_ financially from the cell phone industry.Some researchers believe that other types of wireless technology may also be _7_ to human health, in

41、cluding laptops and cordless(无线) phones. Organizations that are concerned about the effects of Electromagnetic Radiation suggest _8_ all cordless devices with wired ones. They say that many cordless phones _9_ dangerous levels of EMR even when they are not in use. They even suggest _10_ electronic d

42、evices, such as computers and alarm clocks out of bedrooms, or at least six feet from your pillow. 选B。利用逻辑关系解题。根据并列连词or后面的at least six feet from your pillow知道此处应选B。keepout of意为：使不进入。divide out（分发，分配），stretch out（伸出，伸长）不符合句意。impose（强加）常和on连用，imposeon表示将强加于。A growing number of health professionals wor

43、ldwide are recommending that cell phone users err on the side of caution until more definitive studies can be conducted. They recommend that _11_ use headsets or speaker phones and that children and teens,选B。利用逻辑关系解题。根据并列连词and后面的children and teens知道此处应该是按成年人和未成年人分类的，故选B。 whose brain tissues are stil

44、l developing, use cell phones only for _12_. Concerned medical experts use the example of tobacco to _13_ the potential risks. Many years ago, people smoked freely and were not concerned about the effects of cigarettes on their health. Today, people know that cigarettes cause lung cancer, though it

45、is still unknown _14_ how or why. Some doctors _15_ that the same thing will happen with devices such as cell phones. 1. A. potential B. registeredC. heavyD. ignorant2. A. MoreoverB. HoweverC. Therefore D. Otherwise3. A. popularB. personalC. vacantD. scarce4. A. In addition B. On the other handC. On

46、 the contraryD. As a result5. A. concerns B. enclosesC. engagesD. puzzles6. A. sufferB. driftC. emergeD. benefit7. A. delicateB. dangerousC. resistantD. primary8. A. inserting B. stimulatingC. replacingD. substituting9. A. give offB. wipe outC. give awayD. clear away10. A. dividingB. keepingC. stretchingD. imposing11. A. infantsB.