高中英语语法-名词性从句精讲.doc

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1、高中英语名词性从句讲解- 名词性从句PART 1完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A. that B. if C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school.A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the

2、 truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move名词性从句的功能： 相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。 主语) 主语) 表语) 表语)I dont宾语)I dont宾语)I dont know about同位语)I dont know about 同位语)得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。PART 2名词性从句的类型：1. 主语从句：在复合句中

3、作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:l _ he is a famous singer is known to us.l _ he will go to America is not yet fixed.l _ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.l _ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作

4、形式主语的句型：Its likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that很可能 / 重要的是 / 必要的是 / 很清楚 Its said / reported that据说/据报道It seems / appears / happens that显然、明显、碰巧Its been announced / declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）/ a common saying（俗话说）thatl I

5、t worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. while B. that C. if D. forl It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. whatl It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. which B. where C. what D. that2. 单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式

6、；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。t been found.Exercises:l ._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoeverl _I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.A. Where B. What C. That D. Howl Its not clear _ was responsible for the

7、 accident.A. Who B. What C. How D. Thatl _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mailaccount.A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where

8、, how, why, because 等。如:l The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him.l This is _ Henry solved the problem.l His suggestion is _ we (should) finish the work at once.l It looked _ it was going to rain.l The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order,

9、 demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason is that 的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B

10、. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because3. It is because 这是因为Exercises:l This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. whatl The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. whenl The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B

11、. why C. that D. whatl My advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went tol _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; thatl Energy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everyt

12、hing C. something D. anything3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。如:(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is honest. / I asked if they had a cheap suit. / Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? / I really dont know what he is doing.l

13、 I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as onemight expect.A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it isl - Dont you believe me?- _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whateverl “What did your

14、 parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I thinkI should.”A. when B. that C. how D. what(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. / Pay attention to what the teacher said.l I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matte

15、r who C. whoever D. anyonel Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. who D. thatl It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”：Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come

16、 and help me.不能误将”It + be + adj + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.注意：(1) whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的whether

17、 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。They dont know whether to go there.Please come to

18、 see me if you have time.Exercises:l I asked her _ she had a bike.l _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.l Were worried about _ he is safe.l I dont know _ he is well or not.l I dont know _ or not he is well.l The question is _ he should do it.l The doctor can hardly

19、 answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.(2) 如果宾语从句是由that 引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句, 那么只有第一个that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.He said ( that ) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.My desk mate told me (that ) he watched a football match last night, but that it was

20、very discouraging. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略. He has made it clear that he will win the game.I find it necessary that we should learn English well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(3) 表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand

21、 等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。(4) 在“主语+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。I dont think he will come.I dont think Ill trouble you again.I dont expect that they will get married soon.(5) 宾语从句的时态呼应：a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ .b

22、 .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.b. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. The teacher told us _.Exercises:l Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./ C. how D. whatl Tell me_ is on your mind.A. that B. what C

23、. which D. whyl We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. thatl Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioC. I can repair the radiol Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say B. whether I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio C. / D. howC. that did t

24、he teacher say D. what the teacher said4. 同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, which等引导(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)l We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the s

25、un.A. that B. which C. what D. whetherl We heard the news _ our team had won.A. which B. that C. what D. wherel The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. ifl They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A. which B. that C. whom D. whenl The

26、fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A. that B. which C. when D. what注意：1. 名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。 a. The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A. was put forward B. put forwardC. should look forward D. looked forwardb. The sug

27、gestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.l The question came up at the meeting _we had enou

28、gh money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whetherl Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. that B. which C. of which D. whatl It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. whatl Dandy left word with my secretary

29、_ he would call again in the afternoon.A. who B. that C. as D. which3. 如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用, 无具体含义,且不可省略.五名词性从句的考点归纳：1. 名词性从句的语序：a. That + 陈述句：- I saw your neighbor

30、 break your window with a basketball.- _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His breakb. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。 I dont know when he will go to Nanjing.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. (

31、 )b. Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略l I don

32、t think _ she is coming.l It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.l The reason is _ he is careless .l The news _ our team won the match inspired us.l I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.l He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.4. 关于whether 与if 的使

33、用：l What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious diseasesoon.A. when B. how C. whether D. whyl Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. whatl The question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B

34、. what C. whether D. howl _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even ifExercise:l 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.l 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.l 我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.l 这

35、就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种? 3. Im so glad doesnt matter too much.9. He doesnt know判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句?1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. Ho

36、w he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking abo

37、ut.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.相关练习：1. I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that2. The news _surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A. that B. when C. what D. how3. One of the

38、men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that4. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. which5. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. / D .that6

39、. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because7. I have the information _.A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soonC. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon8.- Can I help you?- Yes, do you know _?A. when comes the bus B. whe

40、n will come the busC. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes9. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. that B. if C. what D. that if10. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D.

41、 which; what11. Wed like to do _ we can _ the poor.A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help12. -I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.-Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A. when B. why C. what D. that13. See the flags on top of the building? That was

42、_ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what14. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever15. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever16. The way he did it was di

43、fferent _ we were used to.A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which17. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped.A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that18. Some researchers believe that there is no dou

44、bt _ a care for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether19. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether20. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where名词性从句PART

45、 1完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wond名词性从句PART 1完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wond名词性从句PART 1完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wond