现在完成时语法.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除现在完成时语法（1）【语法重点导入】- (根据句意在横线上填入谓语动词的适当形式)1. He _ (play) soccer on the playground now.2. He _ (play) soccer on the playground yesterday.3. He _ (play) soccer on the playground when I saw him yesterday.4. He _ (play) soccer on the playground every day.5. He _ (play) soccer on t

2、he playground tomorrow afternoon.6. He _ (play) soccer on the playground for a long time.一、现在完成时的基本构成： 肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 二、现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种I.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。_.李明

3、刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）_.现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。_.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）_.她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。_.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）_.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）_？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。I _ the Summer Palace twice. 我曾

4、经去过颐和园两次。He _ so.他总是这么说.注意事项：I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如He _ Beijing . 他去北京了。 They _ Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。三.现在完成时常与副词just， already, yet, ever, never连用。a. 用副词already和yet。a

5、lready一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have _ finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework _. 他们还没有完成作业。b. 用ever和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”等。 如：-Have you _ been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have _ been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c. 与just连用，表示“刚刚， 刚才”。 -He has _ come back from Ca

6、nada.练习：1. 用适当的副词填空。I have _ called you, but you werent in.I have _ been to a shopping center with Kangkang.Ive _ been there before, but I dont want to go there any more.Have you found him _?I havent found my wallet _.Have you _ been to the Great Wall?I have _ been to America twice.Jim hasnt finishe

7、d his homework _.2. 用have been to, have been in, have gone to的正确形式填空。He _ China since he was born.They _ Australia twice.- Where has he gone? - He _ India.3. 句型转换。1) I have finished my homework.否定句：I _ my homework _.一般疑问句：_ finished _ homework?肯定回答和否定回答： Yes,I_. No,I_.2) Hehas alreadybeentotheGreatW

8、all.否定句：He _ the Great Wall _.一般疑问句： _ the Great Wall?肯定回答和否定回答： Yes,he_. No,he_.划线提问： _?3) Tom has gone to Japan.划线提问： _?现在完成时语法（2）翻译下列句子1. 我哥哥还没回来。_2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。_3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。_4.他已经吃过午饭了。_5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？_6.我去过北京两次。_7.Maria不在这里，她去公园了。_一、现在完成时的时间状语l for + 一段时间l since + 某个时间点l so farl by the timel i

9、n the past five years【综合练习】用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7. 4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher

10、has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.注意：( 1 )现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。They _(go) to the park yesterday.His dog _(die) three days ago.( 2 )短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, lea

11、ve, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如： begin,(start) be on finish( end )be overbuy have borrow keepcome be inarrivebe here joinbe in, be a +名词 leave, move be away, die be deadgo out be out open be open closebe closed fall asleep

12、(ill) be asleep (ill) marrybe married 一、用完成时改写下列句子：1.His father died in 1992. . 2. He left the army because of a leg wound. . 3. He came to Beijing in 2003. . 4. He joined Helpers Club in 2004. . 5. He bought a house in 2005. . 6. He borrowed a car in 2012. . 7. The movie began twenty minutes ago. .

13、二、按要求改变句子。1. She has done her homework. (改否定句)2. She has already told us the news. (改否定句)3. The rain has already stopped. (改一般疑问句)4. I have waited here for two hours. (划线提问)5.He has lived in Shanghai since he left Beijing. (划线提问)6. She has learned French since 2014. (同义句) She has learned French _ 2

14、years. She has learned French _ 2 years _. 7.He started to practice the guitar three hours ago. (改成含介词for的同义句) He _ _ practicing the guitar for three hours.三、 选择题（ ）1.By the time he realizes（意识到）he _ into a trap（陷阱）, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked

15、D. had walked（ ）2. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent（百分比）. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen（ ）3.Hisfather_thePartysince1978. .joined .hasjoined .wasin .hasbeenin（ ）4.Doyouknowhimwell? Sure.We_friendssincetenyearsago.were .havebeen .havebecome.havemade（ ）5

16、.Howlonghaveyou_here? Abouttwomonths.been .gone .come .arrived（ ）6.Hurryup!Theplay_fortenminutes.hasbegun.hadbegun.hasbeenon.began（ ）7.hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChina(绿色中国组织) sincehe toChina? A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived（ ）8._you_yourhomeworkyet? Yes.I_itamomentago. .Did;do;finished .Have;done;finished.Have;done;havefinished.will;do;finish【精品文档】第 7 页