2018年中考语法讲解与练习——非谓语动词（附答案）.docx

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1、2018中考语法讲解与练习6非谓语动词英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及作文都会涉及，本套练习从既有讲解又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。语法讲解：动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。(2)动词不定式： 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“

2、to have +过去分词”。 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。 动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn

3、Chinese well.(对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间) 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。A 及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语)说 明want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer

4、(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do)(无)help(帮助)to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下)/ They began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his hous

5、e.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Dont forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门比较 He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) / Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yes

6、terday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) B 及物动词+疑问词+不定式： 谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式 (作宾语)说明tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑问形式还可以作句

7、子的主语、表语等。 如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for todays homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？) C 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。如： I found it not very easy to lear

8、n to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。A 记住下面的一些结构：被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语)汉 语 意 思a keyto lock the door锁门的钥匙 a boxto hold these things装这些东西的箱子give her a bookto read给她一本书读Is there any (+名词/代词)to (do)? 有要(做的)吗?Its timeto go.是走的时间了。/ 该走了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做吗?Id like somethingto

9、eat.我要点儿吃的。I have nothingto say.我没有话要说。Would you like somethingto drink?你要点儿喝的吗？B 在这种情况下,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则后面必须加介词。如：They could not find a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方)/ Please give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write with.(他找到了写字的毛笔) 动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语,有下列几种情况：A 放在不及物动词(c

10、ome, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的)/ I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的)B 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿)C 有时表示目的

11、的不定式短语可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的)注意 stop to do 与stop doing的不同。如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语)/ They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teahcher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的

12、内容) 动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语,限用于连系动词之后。如：My job is to keep the goal.(我的工作就是守住球门) 动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.)+ 宾语 (人 / 物)+不定式 (作宾语补足语)ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) / +sb. / sth.+to (do)make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see

13、(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth.+ (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)/ I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母)/ The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时)/ Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) 注意 help

14、之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) (3)动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加

15、相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.) 动名词可以作宾语。A want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)B remember / f

16、orge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了)C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my c

17、losing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠)D like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) / We beg

18、an studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小学时就开始学英语了) 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短

19、语,作主语) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补)(4)分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点) 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。A 作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作

20、定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)B 现在分词可以作下列动

21、词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语)谓语动词(vt.)宾语宾语补足语keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到)sb./sth.(do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个

22、冷的东西在我的脚上移动)C 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)D 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be please

23、d (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对感兴趣)等等。例略。 E 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)练习1、Why not _ it as soon as possible?A

24、finish Bto finish Cfinishes Dfinishing2、Did you watch the actor _ the whole play yesterday?Aperforming Bto perform Cperform Dperformed 3、Linda would rather _ than stay here.Aleft Bto leave Cleaving Dleave4、We mix the water and flour _ bread.Ato make Bmaking Cmake Dmakes5、Im allowed _ on Saturday.A.g

25、o to the movies B.going to the moviesCwent to the movies D.to go to the movies6、I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered _ me to watch an opera.Atook Btakes Cto take Dtaking7、My parents usually let me _ a lot of outdoor activities at weekends.A. did B. do C. doing D. to do8、The monitor

26、 hasnt told us _.A.where shall we have a picnicB.to where have a picnic Chow to go to the park D.when will we have a picnic9、It is good _ all my teachers and friends again.Ato see Bsee Cseeing Dseen10、Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking，or they will break the law.Adrive Bdriving Cto drive11

27、、Peter works hard _ his parents with a better life.Aprovide Bto provide Cprovided Dproviding12、Well do what we can _English well this term.Its time for you to work hard. A. study B. to study C. be studied D. be studying13、Mom makes me eat an apple every day _ the doctor away.A. keeps B. is kept C. t

28、o keep D. kept14、Its difficult for parents with young children _ public transportation. A. used B. to be used C. to use D. using15、There are a lot of things for us _ to protect the environment. A. to do B. doing C. to be done D. to be doing 16、 My sister bought me a new MP4 player, but I dont know_

29、Let me show you。A. how to use it B. where to use it C. what to use D. which one to use17、Can you teach me how to surf the Internet? Take this book. It will lead you _ it well. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned18、The course is designed _ your spoken English. A .to improve B .improving C .im

30、proved D .improve19、I prefer movies that give me something _. A. think about B. to think about C. think of D. to think of20、The police required the traveler _ for his luggage.A check B to check C checking D checked21、It is said that to teach a man fishing is better than _ him fish. A. give B. giving

31、 C. to give D. gave22、Simon. I hear you are going abroad for further study. Have you decided _?Next September.A. when going B. when to go C. how going D. how to go23、She has no paper _. A. to write B. to write with C. writing on D. to write on24、The girl students are discussing _ the walls in the cl

32、assroom.A. what to paint color B. to paint what color C. which color to paint D. to paint which color25、 more，and you will improve your spoken EnglishATo speak BSpeak CSpeaks DSpeaking26、Nowadays, its convenient and cheap for us _a shared-bicycle.A. ride B. to ride C. flying D. to fly27、As a volunte

33、er，the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up（）Ato cheer Bcheer Ccheering Dcheered28、I havent decided when _ a holiday yet. A. took B. taking C. to take D take29、 Can you tell me _ this CD player? Sure. In the supermarket near my home.A. where to buy B. when to repair C. how to use30、

34、You can go to the library _ the latest books on science. A. to borrow B. borrows C. borrowed 31、The soup tastes wonderful but I need some carrots _ it more tasty. A. make B. to make C. making 参考答案一、选择题1、A2、C3、D4、A5、D6、C7、B8、C9、A10、Callow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，故答案为C。11、B12、B13、C14、C Its difficult fo

35、r sb to do sth.15、A 有很多事情要去做用to do 不定式。16、A点拨： 根据句意，如何使用。故选A。17、B 点拨：lead sb. to do sth. 故选B 。18、A点拨：题意：这个课程被设计用来提高你的英语口语。be designed to do被设计用来故选A。19、B20、B 21、C22、B23、D24、C 25、B根据more，and you will improve your spoken English，结合选项可知意思是多说，你就会提高你的英语口语水平这里动词位于句首表示一种请求或命令，可知句子是一个肯定祈使句，其构成是：动词原形+其他；故选B【点

36、评】在学习中熟练掌握知识点，做题时先找出考点（祈使句），根据它的构成结构（动词原形开头）结合语境来选出正确的答案26、B27、A28、C29、A30、A31、B 2018年中考资料介绍英语部分1. 中考词汇辨析122组 2.中学英语词组大全3.初中必背的英语重点词组句型4.中考英语词组必考必备5.中考英语各种题型的解题技巧6.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列日常生活类7.2018中考英语完形天天练系列日常生活类8.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列人生百味类9.2018中考英语完形天天练系列人生百味、科普宣传类10.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列科普宣传类11.2018中考英语完形天天练系列政治经济

37、文化类12.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列政治经济文化类13.2018中考英语完形天天练系列人物传记、故事类14.2018中考英语完形天天练系列综合类15.2018中考英语阅读天天练系列综合类16.2018中考英语专项练习-作文17.2018中考英语专项练习-语法填空18.2018中考语法讲解与练习1动词19.2018中考语法讲解与练习2名词20.2018中考语法讲解与练习3介词21.2018中考语法讲解与练习4时态22.2018中考语法讲解与练习5语态23.2018中考语法讲解与练习6非谓语动词24.2018中考语法讲解与练习7情态动词25.2018中考语法讲解与练习8数词26.2018中考

38、语法讲解与练习9连词27.2018中考语法讲解与练习10形容词比较、最高级28.2018中考语法讲解与练习11副词29.2018中考语法讲解与练习12冠词30.2018中考语法讲解与练习13代词31.2018中考语法讲解与练习14主谓一致物理部分1.2018年中考物理模拟卷2.2016-2017学年毕业班中考模拟试卷物理3.2016-2017学年第二学期第一次质量检测物理试卷（2份）4.2016-2017学年第一学期物理期末质量检测5.2016-2017学年第一学期物理期末质量检测语文部分1.2018中考语文文言文专题练习数学部分1.2018中考数学模拟卷（一）2.2018中考数学专项练习-选择题（一）3.2018中考数学专项练习-选择题（二）期末部分1.2017-2018学年上学期九年级数学期末质量检测2.2017-2018学年初三第一学期物理期末质量检测3.2017-2018学年上学期九年级化学期末质量检测