Chinese words in English.doc

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1、aikido - Japanese aikid M. h unite + q chi + do way banzai - Japanese M. wnsu 10,000 years Beijing- M. bijng northern capital bok choy - C. baak choy = M. bici white vegetable bonsai - Japanese M. pn basin + zi plant (but the M. term is now pnjng) bonze - Japanese bons M. fnsng Buddhist monk; fn San

2、skrit brhmaas Brahmins bushido - Japanese bushid wsh warrior (war-person) + do way Canton - M. Gungdng wide east now the name of the province not the city, which is Gungzhu wide state chai - Russian tea M. ch Jackie Chan - C. chan = M. chn arrange, a common surname cheongsam - C. = M. chngshn long c

3、lothes chi - M. q breath, spirit, vitality China - Sanskrit Chna (probably) M. Qn dynasty china (ware) - Persian chn the first (17th century) citations in English are apt to be spelled chiney, cheney Sanskrit Chna (q.v.) chin chin (toast) - M. qing-qing Ching - M. Qng dynasty = pure chop chop (fast)

4、 - Pidgin C. kap chop suey - C. zaap6 seoi3 = M. zsu mixed pieces chopsticks - loose Pidgin translation of C. fai chi = M. kuizi fast ones chow mein - C. chau mn = M. chomin stir-fried noodles chow (dog) - Pidgin C. kau = M. gu chow (food) - Pidgin M. cho stir-fry Chung-Kuo - M. Zhnggu middle countr

5、y, i.e. China Confucius - Latin M. Kng fz family name kng hole + a title, master daimyo - Japanese daimy M. dmng big name dazibao - M. dzbo big character newspaper dim sum - C. dim2 sam1 = M. din xn order heart dojo - Japanese dj M. do way + chng yard (i.e. place of the Way) egg foo young - C. fu yu

6、ng = M. frng hibiscus feng shui - M. fngshu wind-water futon - Japanese, from earlier hoton M. p reed + tun body, mass; the use of 布 (M. b cloth) is a modern substitution. gaijin - Japanese foreigner M. wirn outsider = outside, foreign + person geisha - Japanese M. y art + zh person General Tsos chi

7、cken - after Zu Zngtng; zu = left ginkgo - a misreading of Japanese 銀杏 as gin + kyo = M. ynxng silver apricot ginseng - M. rnshn man + ginseng gwailo - C. gwai2 lou2 = M. gulo ghost + a despective suffix, probably etymologically equivalent to lo old gung ho - M. gng h work together, introduced into

8、English by Major Evans Carlson; apparently an abbreviation for gngy hzush industrial workers cooperative haiku - Japanese M. pij amusement-sentence Han - M. Hn, name of the dynasty, which has become the normal word for ethnic Chinese Hanoi - Vietnamese M. h river + ni inside hanzi - M. hnz Chinese c

9、haracter hapkido - Korean M. h unite + q chi + do way Ho Chi Minh - Vietnamese M. h zhmng lake + goal-bright Hong Kong - C. Hunggng = M. Xinggng fragrant port Huang Ho - M. Hung H yellow river; h was the original name of the river, but became generalized to refer to any river, so that an adjective w

10、as needed Hunan - M. Hnn lake-south, the lake being Dngtng I Ching - M. yjng change-classic Japan - Malay M. Rbn sun-origin judo - Japanese jd M. rudo gentle way jujitsu - Japanese jjutsu M. rush gentle art kanji - Japanese M. hnz Chinese character kendo - Japanese kend M. jindo sword-way ketchup -

11、Malay kechap vinegary sauce Amoy ktsiap fish brine; 1st character uncertain; 2nd is M. zh juice kirin - Japanese M. qln; OED defines as male + female koan - Japanese kan M. gng n fair, public + case, plan; said to be an abbreviation for gngf nd public (legal) documents something like case law kowtow

12、 - M. kutu knock head kumquat - C. gam1 gwat1 = M. jnj golden orange kung fu - C. gngf work, service = merit + man kung pao - C. gngbo palace-defend (a military title- specifically, the guardian of a prince) Kuomintang - C. Gumndng nation-people-party Kyoto - Japanese Kyto M. jngd capital-capital La

13、o Tze - M. lo old + z son li (measure) - M. l loquat - C. luh kwat = M. lj reed orange lose face - loan-translation of di lin lose facelychee - M. lzh litchi + branch mahjongg - ma chiung = M. mjing hemp general; the sparrow referred to in OED and AHD seems to be a confusion with a C. alternate name

14、 manga - Japanese M. mnhu unrestricted picture Mao - M. mo fur, wool (his given name Zdng is radiance + east) Meiji - Japanese M. mngzh bright-rule Ming - M. mng bright miso - Japanese M. wicng taste-noisy Mulan - M. mln magnolia = wood-orchid nihao - M. nho hello = you + good ninja - Japanese M. rn

15、zh endure-person oolong - M. wlng black dragon pekoe - Amoy pak-ho = M. biho white down Peking - C. Bkgng M. Bijng northern capital pinyin - M. pnyn join sound qigong - M. qgng breath work ricksha - Japanese jinrikisha M. rnlch man-power-vehicle Ranma - Japanese M. lunm wild horse ronin - Japanese r

16、nin M. lngrn wave man, metaphorically, wanderer samisen - Japanese shamisen M. sn + wi + xin three taste cord (perhaps wi is used as a measure word here); earlier English cites like shamshin (1616) come directly from the M. snxin three-string sampan - M. snbn three planks; the modern M. term however

17、 is shnbn sensei - Japanese master, teacher M. xinshng gentleman, ancestor = first + born seppuku - Japanese M. qif cut belly Shanghai - M. Shnghi upper sea Shantung - M. Shndng mountain-east, these being the Taihang mountains Shaolin - M. sholn young forest shar-pei - M. shp sandy skin shihtzu - M.

18、 shzi gu lion dog Shinto - Japanese Shint shndo god way shogun - Japanese shgun jingjn general = use + army shunga - Japanese M. chnhu spring picture silk - Old English sioluc. From here the journey is tortuous, perhaps a little too much so: Old Slavonic elk Greek Sres Orientals, i.e. perhaps the si

19、lk people some Altaic precursor of Mongolian sirkek Old Chinese si-, M. s souchong - C. siu chung = M. xiozhng small sort. Lapsang is a proper name soy - Japanese shyu M. jingyu paste + oil Sun Yat Sen - C. M. Sn Yxin sn grandchild + excellent immortal Szechwan - Schun four rivers, short for chunxi

20、s l rivers-gorges four provinces tae kwon do - Korean kick-punch-way M. tiqundo trample-punch-way Tai Chi (Chuan) - tijqun too extreme fist Taiwan - Tiwn platform bay, though probably platform is only used for its sound, to represent a native non-Chinese name Tang - M. Tng, name of the dynasty Tao -

21、 M. do way tea - Amoy te = M. ch Tienanmen - M. tinnmn heaven-calm-gate tofu - Japanese tfu M. duf beans-rotten Tokyo - Japanese Tky M. Dngjng eastern capital; Tonkin has the same etymology, borrowed into Vietnamese tong - C. tong = M. tng meeting hall tycoon - Japanese taikun djn great monarch typh

22、oon - C. tai fung = M. dfng great wind wok - C. = M. gu won ton - C. wan tan = M. hntn irregular pasta Wong - C. wong M. wng king Xinhua (News Agency) - M. xnhu new + flowery, China yang - M. yng sun, bright, masculine Yangtze - M. Yngz Jing raise + diminutive + large river, a local name for the low

23、er reaches; the M. for the entire river is Chng Jing long-river; jing was the original name of the river, but this was generalized to all rivers, necessitating a disambiguating adjective yen (money) - Japanese M. yun first, primary yen (yearning) - C. yan = M. yn addiction yin - M. yn moon, dark, fe

24、minine yuan (money) - M. yun round zaibatsu - Japanese M. ci wealth + f wealthy person or family Zen - Japanese M. chn(n) meditation Sanskrit dhyna Zhou Enlai - M. zhu circle, a common surname; nli is favor-comes Also of note are loan-translations which appeared in Chinese Pidgin English, includinglong time no see, look-see, no can do, no go. Disappointingly, ping-pong doesnt come from Chinese; so M. pngpng is a rare borrowing from English.