2018年中考英语培优补差讲义-介词.docx

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1、2018年中考英语复习之介词一、 介词的定义介词是一种虚词，不能独立存在。它必须和随后的不足成分一起构成介词短语，才能用作句子的成分。二、 介词（短语）的分类1. 表示时间的介词（短语）at用在具体的时间点之前。e.g. at five oclockin用在年，月，季节之前，用在表泛指的上午。下午、晚上之前。e.g.in July、in the afternoonon用在星期之前，用在具体某天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上之前。e.g. on the afternoon of July 2nd after表示“在之后”，反义词是before。before表示“在之前”。除了可以用作介词之外，bef

2、ore还可以做连词和副词。until表示“直到”，not until意为“直到才”。since表示“自从”，后跟表示过去的时间点时，通常和现在完成时连用。during表示“在期间”。e.g.during the speechfrom和to搭配，from.to.表示“从到”。e.g. from 3:30 to 5:30by表示“在之前”“不迟于”。e.g. by five oclock2. 表示方位的介词at用在比较小的地点之前。e.g. arrive at the airportin用在表较大的地点之前。e.g. arrive in Beijing表示“在里面”。e.g. in the box

3、in front of表示“在前面”。反义词是behindbehind表示“在后面”。under表示“在下面”。by表示“在旁边；靠近”。e.g. by the windowbeside表示“在旁边”。near表示“在附近”。next to表示“靠近；紧挨”。from和to搭配，from.to.表示“从到”e.g. from Beijing to Shanghaion the left of表示“在的左边”。on the right of表示“在的右边”。【注意】in是常见的介词，还有如下的用法in+颜色/服装此时in表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。in+语言此时in表示“用某种语言” in+时间

4、段用在一般将来时的句中，该句表示在“在某段时间之后”。3. 表示方式、手段或工具的介词（1） 表示方式byby+交通工具。on，inon，in+限定词+交通工具。（2） 表示手段或工具with和具体的工具搭配。by表示“通过；以的方式或手段”，其后常跟动名词。in和语言，声音等材料搭配4. 其他常考介词的基本用法for表示“为了”。e.g. They fought for the country.of表示“的”，协助构成所有格形式。e.g. a map of China.about表示“关于”。e.g. a book about flowers.with表示“和在一起”。e.g. I live

5、 with my parents.表示“带有，具有”。e.g. a house with a garden构成固定搭配。e.g. with the help of，agree with，provide sb. with sth.without表示“无；没有”。e.g. Fish cannot live without water.三、介词（短语）的基本用法1. 用作表语。 e.g. We are in the classroom.2. 用作宾语补足语。 e.g. I was surprised to find him on the bus.3. 用作后置定语。 e.g. The girl in

6、 a white T-shirt is my sister.4. 用作状语。 e.g. There are many flowers in the garden.四、常考的易混介词和介词短语between表示“在（两者）之间”。among表示“在（三者或三者之上）之间”。in front of表示“在某范围以外的前面”。in the front of表示“在某范围以内的前面”。on表示“在上面”，强调表面接触。反义词是beneath。over表示“在上方”，强调在垂直的上面。反义词是under。above表示“在上方”，可能在垂直的上方，也可能不在垂直的上方，只表示上下的位置关系。反义词是be

7、lowacross表示“从表面穿过”，通常和road，street，river等搭配。through表示“从立体空间穿过”，通常和window，channel，town，city等搭配。over表示“越过高的物体”，通常和wall，mountain等搭配。for后跟时间段，常用来说明动作延续的时间长度。since后跟时间点，常用来说明动作起始的时间。besides表示“除之外还有”，表示累计关系。except表示“除了”，表示排除关系。be made of表示“由制造”，强调可以看出原材料。be made from表示“由制造”，强调看不出原材料。be made by表示“由（某人）制造”，后

8、面跟人。be made in表示“在（某地）制造”，后跟地点。be made into表示“被制成”，后跟成品。五、 介词（短语）中考考点考点一动词+介词：at：look at laugh at knock at shout at point atfor：pay for look for ask for leave foron：depend on get on call on pass on go onwith：agree with argue with begin withabout：think about care about worry aboutbe+形容词+介词：of：be prou

9、d of be full of be afraid offor：be famous for be ready for be sorry for be late forin：be interested in be strcit in.at：be good at be angry at be surprised atwith：be satisfied/pleased with be srict with be angry with考点二of sb.和for sb.Its +adj.+of sb.+to do sth.该句型多用于表示人物的性格或品德。其中的形容词多是表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如g

10、ood，kind，nice，clever，foolish等。Its adj.+for sb.+to do sth.该句型多用于表示人物或事物的特征。其中的形容词多是表示客观形势的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting等。 考点针对联系一、单项选择1. 【2013北京】Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 _ 2012. A.on B.to C.at D.of2. 【2013大连】In America,people start celebrating the New Year _ 31st December. A.in B.at C.o

11、n D.for3. 【2013扬州】-How long have you lived in the new flat? -_ 2010. A.In B.After C.Since D.Before4. 【2013锦州】Most of my classmates go to school _ bike. A.at B.by C.on D.in5. 【2013上海】Wow!Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays _ October! A.in B.on C.at D.to6. 【2013呼和浩特】_ h

12、er husband,she has now become a famous film star. A.Because B.Thanks to C.Thanks for D.With the help of7. 【2013兰州】-Why do you always go to Lanzhou University on weekends? -Because therere lots of great speakers I can practice English _ in the English corner there. A.with B.to C.on D.about8. 【2013烟台】

13、-Why do you always sleep _? -Because Im afraid of the dark. A.by yourself B.with the door open C.with the window open D.with the light on9. 【2013三亚】On my visit to Australia,I feel Australians are similar _ us in many ways. A.with B.in C.to D.at10. 【2013河南】-What did you get _ your birthday,Jason? -An

14、 iPad 3,from my aunt. A.to B.at C.with D.for11. 【2013安徽】Mrs. King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm. A.over B.with C.behind D.beside12. 【2013无锡】Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays _ zero. A.up B.down C.above D,below13. 【2013温州】Ann ofte helps me _ math

15、 after school. A for B.with C.on D.by14. 【2013黔西南】All of you went the zoo _Wang Hui.She had to look after her grandpa. A.besides B,with C.except D.beside15【2013德州】_,the Internet was only used by government.But now its widely used in every field. A.As usual B.At first C.After all D.So far16. 【2013重庆】

16、You can improve your English _ practicing more. A.by B.with C.of D.in17. 【2013苏州】Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read _ the library. A.in B.for C.by D.from18. 【2013武汉】Sue has many nice dresses.She wears a different one every day_ the week. A.of B.from C.at D.for19.

17、 【2013荆州】The model plane isnt as nice as my sisters,but _ it was made by myself. A.at last B.at least C.at times D.at present20. 【2013丽水】Before the bridge was built _ the river,the villagers had to take a boat to the other side. A.in B.beside C.across D.along21. 【2013聊城】Dont ask him to study too lat

18、e in the night._,he is only a small child. A.As a result B.After all C.Best of all D.For example22. 【2013菏泽】Most of kids in our school enjoy pop songs,_ some hit songs on the Internet like The Coolest Ethnic Trend（最炫民族风）. A.besides B.including C.except D.without23. 【2013襄阳】-What do you often do _ cl

19、asses to relax yourselves. -We often do eye exercises,listen to music or do some running around the school. A.in B.among C.between D.through24. 【2013孝感】Students shouldnt go to school _ breakfast.Its bad for their health. A.with B.without C.for D.by25. 【2013广州】I couldnt do it _ your great help.Thanks

20、 a lot! A.with B.without C.for D.to 二、 介词填空1. Could you tell me something _ UFOs? I am really interested in it.2.I go to school _ eight oclock.3.Ginas father is _ forty years old.4.I can help you _math.5.The picture is _ the wall.6.The windows are _ the wall.7.Many students do homework _ pens8.My bi

21、rthday is _ February, 15th.9.Childrens Day is _ June.10.Whats this _ Japanese?11.Please come and see at our store _yourself.12.Many books are_ the bookcase.13.A set of keys is _ the drawer.14.My mirror(镜子) is _ the dresser.15.My shoes are _ the bed. 16.Tom usually plays ping-pong _ two hours17.B is

22、_ A _C.18.I go to school_ a backpack.19.Please bring some books _ school.20.We sell these bags _ sports _$5.21.I buy two pairs of shoes _$5022.He often plays computer games _ the evening. 23.They usually play basketball _Saturday morning.24.This boy is _ the tree. Its very dangerous. (危险)。25.There a

23、re many pears _ the tree.26.Here is a photo _ my family.27.This is the map _ China.28.The bank doesnt open _ Sunday.29.My parents usually go to the park _ supper.30.We have socks _ all colors.31.Thanks _ your letter.32.My father is strict _ me _ my study.33.I eat an egg _ breakfast, 34.He often does

24、 his homework _ home.35.The bank of China is _ front of the post office. 36.He usually watches football game _ TV.37.I really want _ go to the USA.38.I like coffee _ milk.39.Its not polite to talk _ girls age.40.It is very far(远) _China _America.三、阅读练习完形填空(共1 5小题，每小题l分;满分15分) 阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个

25、选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Do you know that humans have been cleaning their teeth for over 7,000 years? According to the BBC, the Ancient Egyptians used a type of toothpaste (牙膏). _21_ it is believed that the Egyptians used a finger _22_ a toothbrush to clean their teeth .Chinese people may have _23_ the fi

26、rst toothbrush around 1,600 BC. Your toothbrush, however, may have also become_24_ .Because it is now possible to clean our teeth _25_ using our hands!Two Canadians, Adel Elseri and Said Fayad, have invented_26_ called T2T or tongue-to-teeth Elseri says he came up with the idea_27_ he was driving ho

27、me after a long day at work His_28_ is a toothbrush that goes onto your tongue(舌) T2T has special edges (边缘) and toothpaste .So just _29_your tongue over your teeth and it cleans your teeth just like a toothbrush _30_! It will make your breath fresh tooElseri and Fayad made this hand-free toothbrush

28、 because they believed it was a _31_way for someone to brush their teeth. But people can only use the T2T _32_.Would you use the tongue-to-teeth? The Huffington Post in the US _33_ readers what they thought. Sixty-one percent said that they would use it while only thirty-nine percent said they _34_.

29、 Personally I think Im going to stick to(坚持用) the _35_.21. A. So B. Then C. But D. Or22. A. instead of B .because of C .more than D .less than23 A .discovered B. develop C .built D. developed24 A. science B. history C. problem D secret25. A by B. from C. without D for26. A .nothing B. everything C.

30、anything D .something27. A. until B. when C. since D .though28. A .idea B. story C. word D plan29 A. hold B. pull C. move D. check30 A is B. does C. was D. did31 A healthier B. easier C. harder D. longer32 A. again B. soon C once D already33. A. told B. asked C. warned D. advised34. A. shouldnt B .s

31、hould C. wouldnt D. would35. A finger B toothbrush C. mouth D tongue British tennis player Andy Murray waited seven years before he could realize his Grand Slam (大满贯) dream.On September11, 2012, Murray beat defending champion(卫冕冠军) Novak Djokovic in the US Open final. The 25-year-old finally won his

32、 first ever Grand Slam trophy (奖杯) since he turned professional (职业的) in 2005.It was a close match that lasted four hours and 54 minutes. The two are good friends and Djokovic is only seven days younger. Djokovic has won five titles (冠军) while Murray was the runner-up in his last four Grand Slam fin

33、als. Would he be able to win a grand slam the fifth time of asking? Even Murray himself was not sure. I was still doubting ( 怀疑) myself right up to a few minutes before going on to play the match . I have been in this position many times and not tried hard to get through, he told the Daily Mail afte

34、r his victory. But he did not think about his past disappointment (失望)too much. Instead, he fought through. 1 think just proving myself is probably the most pleasing part about this match, he said. The victory comes four weeks after Murray won a gold at the London Olympics. He is now Britains first

35、male Grand Slam singles champion in 76 years. He is the new pride of the British people.41. Murray has worked hard for seven years because he wanted to_ . A. realize his Grand Slam dream B heat defending champion C. turn a professional player D. win in the US Open final42. What do you know about Nov

36、ak Djokovic from the text? A. He is seven days older than Murray B .He finally won on September 11, 2012 C. He has won five world championships D. He beat defending champion Murray.43. Even before the US Open final was started, Murray_. A. was still planning to make friends with Djokovic B. was stil

37、l doubting whether he would give up C. was really proving himself to win the game D was not sure whether he would win the game44 What makes Murray become the new pride of the British people? A. The first male Grand Slam singles champion in 76 years B. His too much disappointment in the past few year

38、s C .The first singles champion at the London Olympics D. His defending champions position many times45. The Chinese meaning of the underlined word runner up in the text is_.A.冠军 B.亚军 C.爱好者 D.参与者101 because bikz conj.因为102 good gud a.好的；擅长的； n.善，好处 pl.商品103 each i:t pron.各(每)个 a.各，各自的，每 ad.对每个104 th

39、ose uz pron.that的复数那些105 feel fi:l vi.觉得；给人以感觉 vt.摸；认为 n.感觉106 seem si:m vi.好像，似乎107 how hau ad.怎么，怎样；多么，多少108 high hai a.高(级；尚；兴)的 ad.高 n.高峰(潮，水平)109 too tu: ad.也，还；太，过于；很，非常110 place pleis n.地方；职位；名次 vt.放置；任命111 little litl a.小的；短的；不多的 n.极少 ad.毫不112 world w:ld n.(全)世界，地球；世间(人)；界，领域113 very veri ad

40、.很；完全地 a.正是的，真实的；完全的114 still stil ad.还；然而 a.静止的 n.剧照 v.(使)平静115 nation nein n.国家，民族116 hand hnd n.手；指针；人手；帮助；手艺 vt.交，递117 old uld a.老的；过时的；以前的；老练的118 life laif n.生命；一生；生活，人生；生物；活力119 telltel v.讲(述)，告诉；吩咐；认出；显示；生效120 write rait v.写，写字；写作，作曲；写信(给)121 become bikm vi.变成，开始变得 vt.适合，同相称122 here hi ad.在(向，到)这里 int.用于引起注意123 show u v./ n.表明；出示；演出，放映；展览(会)124 house haus n.房屋；公司；(H-)议院 vt.给房子住125 both