Tourism English Translation from the Perspective of Culture英语专业毕业论文.docx

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1、Tourism English Translation from the Perspective of Culture 内容摘要：汉语和英语的区别显而易见。在旅游英语的翻译中，文化的区别反映在历史、美学、宗教、习俗等等有关方面。旅游英语的翻译包括解释、类推、增加、删减等，只有这样才能将原文的主要内容呈现在读者面前。关键词：文化差异；旅游英语；翻译Abstract: Differences in Chinese language and English language are self- evident. In tourism English translation, cultural dif

2、ferences are reflected in the fields of history, aesthetics, religion, folk customs and so on. Tourism English translation includes interpretation, analogy, amplification omission etc. Only by doing so, readers can understand clearly and correctly the major contents of the source texts.Key words: Cu

3、lture Tourism English Translation IntroductionIn recent years,Chinas tourism developed rapidly, with significant increased number of tourists, especially foreign tourists, Chinas tourism industry gradually assumes an international trend. In this case, the service capabilities and facilities of the d

4、omestic tourist attractions will be the key to the future direction of Chinas tourism industry.In general, the measure of tourist attractions should start from the quality of service facilities and soft environment.The so-called scenic spotssoft environmentmeans the service capabilities and values t

5、hat existing in the scenic area, demonstrated in the tourism development process.The English translation in tourist attractions is an important part of the scenic spotsoft environment. And in the tourism English translation, culture is a irrevocable element to be considered.Chapter 1 Cultural differ

6、ences in tourism EnglishThe cultural differences, especially the differences between the oriental culture and the western one, is more self-evident in the translation of tourism materials.Chinese nation and English nation have both formed their own historical cultures, thinking patterns and aestheti

7、c concepts in the long-time-social activities1, which in fact is the writing habits differences in design and rhetoric methods. For instance, 大观园内有个稻花村, there is a village from the literally view, but actually it is an ancient farmhouse rather than a village. Thus, we cannot translate it Paddy Sweet

8、 Village. Foreign tourists are also interested in Chinese traditional festivals, although they dont have much knowledge about them.Taking another example, the biggest Chinese traditional festival -春节 can be translated as a explanation into Spring Festival(a three-day celebration of the traditional C

9、hinese New Year, which falls in January or February according to cycles in the Chinese lunar calendar). The third example is 作为炎黄子孙，还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵.The translation is If you are of Chinese descent, you may pay tribute to the tomb of Huang di (Yellow Emperor), first Chinese emperor. Although the tran

10、slation of the mentioned paragraph is brief and smooth in general, it is not perfect from the aesthetic and accurating perspective because in the Chinese legend, Huang di and Yan di were both the chiefs in the ancient tribes, not emperors. Emperor is one of the a head of a Monarchy State. After Qin

11、Emperor unifying the Six Countries in 221B.C., he became the emperor. So translating Huang di into Yellow Emperor First or Chinese Emperor is not so suitable. What we can do is only interpret the context from the intercultural perspective to reach the standard of correspond to the original context s

12、o that foreign tourists can easily understand it. We can analyse the cultural differences from the following three sections: 1.1 Historical culturalHistorical culture is formed by the specific historical developing process and social legacy. And historical allusions are the treasures in culture, whi

13、ch contain historical and cultural information, and reflect mostly different cultural essences. Chinese classical literal allusions put focus on emotional expression and objective description. While the western nations are very different from ours. They emphasis on analyse abstract rational thinking

14、.Religion, an important part in human culture, is a kind of multilayer and multi directional one consisted by religious belief influence2. Confucius, Taoism and Buddhism are the top three religions impacting greatly Chinese people. In the west, most westerners believe in Christianity whose doctrine

15、is that the world is made by God-the supreme authority to control everything. 1.2 Thinking pattern and Aesthetic conceptChinese are good at imagination and integrity thinking reflected in the ancient typical literary works like poetry. For instance, imaging analogy is used widely in Guanju of the Bo

16、ok of Songs, Jusong wrote by Quyuan and poems in Tang Dynasty,etc. Chinese nation admire the harmony between the heaven and human, thus we formed a kind of thinking pattern with certain image instead of abstract concept. But the westerners specialize in abstract and analytical thinking. They pay muc

17、h more attention to the logical thinking, and are accustomed to build concept system and logical system. English-speaking nations tend to describe certain things with abstract concepts. In the English words, the pronunciation has nothing with its meaning. For example, if you dont understand the mean

18、ing of rough, you cannot hold the complete usage of rough and uneven in surface.3Due to the cultural differences sector, tourism translators should take it into consideration. Naturally, the using of strategies properly becomes a type of skill. Tourism translators are required to have not only two l

19、anguages, but also the broader understanding of two different cultures. Chapter 2 How to use tourism English translation from cultural perspective I believe that the key of using tourism English translation from cultural perspective is to properly use geographical and cultural differences to make ac

20、curate statement of scenic information.The following are some primarily focuses: To grasp the overall philosophy of translation. English translation of tourist attractions has its characteristics. But it is still a part of English translation, such as accuracy and comprehension, but not give informa

21、tion caused by different languages.To respect cultural differences based on accuracy.It is true that due to geography and history, eastern and western cultures have big differences. But the fundamental principle of international exchange is to maximizing the communication channels in full respect fo

22、r cultural differences.Tourism is also a part of international exchange,acting as an important role to demonstrate Chinas history and culture.It is for the aim of realizing the cultural communication between east and west trough tourism by tourism English translation.Therefore, we have to consider c

23、ultural differences while translating and find a balance between the two.To properly use translation skills and improve translation ability. Some scholars believe that the highest state of English translation should be based on accuracy, but also vivid, which means to demonstrate the essence of the

24、culture in the translation text. It requires translation skills for achieving that. When translating the same section of text, some people can ensure accuracy, but with rigid sentence patterns and content. While others, making full use of translation techniques, are able to break the sentence patter

25、ns and convent restrictions to realize the vivid, achieve the maximum realm. Therefore, translators need to fully understand the intent, use translation skills to achieve the purposes of tourism English translation.There is an old saying, which goes: Practice is the only standard of theory. Tourism

26、English translation is not an exception. Appropriate principles and techniques in tourism English translation are the souls.Chapter 3 The principles & techniques guiding the translation of tourism EnglishIt is a noble, interesting task to make such high-quality tourism translated from English into C

27、hinese and vice verse. And it lies n that the worker in this field should first be armed with large amount of knowledgeencyclopedic knowledge both in English and Chinese and especially about history and culture. He has to receive professional training before he enters this field. This is the premise

28、 of the translation of tourism English.Eugine Nida, famous American translation theorist4, defines translation as translation consists in reproducing the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida an

29、d Tabers, The Theory and Practice of Translation). This general principle can also be applied to the translation of tourism English. Now, what we focus on is that its especially important for us to conform to the style of tourism English. In other words, we should take into account “aesthetic appeal

30、” of tourism English. As a result, the version itself should be a wonderful piece of art, which has the same power as the original to attract a tourist. Of course, there are some concrete principles and operative techniques in tourism translation activities. Here we put forward 5 points:3.1 Use lang

31、uage power to make your version attractive.黄鹤楼黄鹤楼是蜚声中外的名胜.它濒临长江之滨,雄踞蛇山之首. “拔地倚天, 耸翠如屏”. 登楼远眺,极目千里; 俯瞰江汉,气势磅礴. 自古享有”天下绝景”和”天下江山第一楼”的盛誉. 现今的黄鹤楼,时逢盛世,规制超前. 楼姿雄伟,气势壮观,以黄鹤楼为主体, 因山就势,或续或断,错落有致,由楼亭阁坊廊树等组成的建筑群落和人文自然景观融为一体的园林群体.身临其境, 前不知其所穹, 后不知其所止. 沿着石级寻景觅幽, 足可泊情悦性, 令君流连忘返.The Chinese is wonderful! Some peo

32、ple even say it is more beautiful than what the Yellow Crane Tower actually is. Here we have felt the power of language once again. How to transplant the power into English? The most important thing is that you should owe a strong consciousness of making your version expressive and attractive. Secon

33、dly, to make a great effort to deal wit diction is important. Here is a successful version of the above shortened article.3.2 Do your best to make a translation or an interpretation understandable and simplified without and distortion of meaning.Lets see a case where the lengthy Chinese is translate

34、d into English:青岛“烟水苍茫月色迷, 渔舟晚泊栈桥西. 乘凉每至黄昏后,人倚栏杆水拍堤.” 这是古人赞美青岛海滨的诗句.青岛是一座风光秀丽的海滨城市,夏无阔日, 冬无严寒. 西起胶州湾入海处的团岛, 东至崂山风景区的下清宫,绵延80多华里的海滨组成了一幅绚烂多彩的长轴画卷.In this poetic passage the Chinese reads beautiful, but a bit lengthy. Furthermore, it isnt very successful to cite an ancient poem to describe a large, mo

35、dern city. Even if the poem is translated and used, some foreigners will find it hard to appreciate. So, the translator has the duty to omit the poem. Lets enjoy a simplified version here:QingdaoQingdao is a picturesque coastal city. It is neither hot in summer nor cold in winter. The city boasts a

36、80-li-long scenic line, starting from Tuan Island at the west end to Xiaqinggong of Mount Lao at the east end.3.3 Try to make your interpretation adapted to your tourists.For example, sometimes letting your interpretation short, sometimes long, sometimes more cultural, sometimes more practical, so o

37、n and so forth. This is so common a thing of a tour guide, and more importantly, the work is changeable in practice, and thus we can provide many examples.1) The harbor looked most beautiful in its semi-circle of hills and half-lights. The color of a pearl gray and fairy textureThis arctic scenery h

38、as a beauty which is the exact antithesis of the Christmas card of tradition. Soft, melting halftones. Nothing brittle of garish.全文语言朴实,句式简洁, 文中”半明半亮” “珍珠灰色”融合的照相铜板”(metaphor)等表达十分直观精细,一景一物,栩栩如生, 若按汉语的行文方式, 则音韵和美,意境交融.参考译文:只见海港环抱于半圆形小山丛中, 煞是好看,朦朦胧胧,一片银灰,宛若仙境这北极地区之美, 同传统的圣诞贺卡适成对照, 它浓淡交融,光影柔和,清雅绝俗.3.4

39、 Convert unfamiliar content into familiar one for the foreigners and strangers from different cultures to understand it.For example, its time-consuming to have Liang Shanbai and Zhu Ying tai and Jigong translated and it is also hard for westerners to understand the old Chinese folklores without any

40、expalanation. Why not mention Romeo and Juliet and Robin Hood when you are introducing Liangzhu and Jigong? To cater to the visitors from the West, some cities and places are called “East Venice”, “Manhattan”, “Silicon Valley” and “wall Street”, and Chongqing has the same nickname “City of Fog” as L

41、ondon. So it will be wise for a guide to compare the two “cultural points” or have them both mentioned.桃花源始建于晋, 初兴于唐, 鼎盛于宋,大毁于元, 时兴时衰于明清, 萧条于民国, 渐复于解放后, 大规模修复开发于1990年. - 画册Version: Taohuayuan (the peach flower source) was first built in the Jin Dynasty (256-439 AD), began to take shape in the Tang D

42、ynasty (618-709), flourished inthe Song Dynasty (960-1297), and went to ruin in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). With ups and downs through the Ming and Qing dynastis (1368-1911), it was almost abandoned in the times of the Replblic of China (1912-1949). Its restoration was made from the year 1949 and

43、a large-scale expansion and development began in 1990. 3.5 Add some brief explanation to your translation with no any harm to the original in meaning.For example, how to translate 路左有一巨石, 石上原有苏东波手书 “云外流春” 四个大字? Its OK to translate it like this: On the left is a rock on which four big Chinese Charact

44、ers云外流春 (Beyond clouds flows spring), hand-written by SU Dongpo, were formerly engraved. Yet it is not excellent. It is advisable to add a short introduction to Su Dongpo (1037-1101) and put it directly after his name: “ the most versatile man of letters of the Northern Song Dynasty”.Another example

45、: 上个世纪还是皇帝, 和贵族所独享的紫禁城如今早已是普通人休憩观光的场所,还成为帕瓦罗蒂、多明戈、卡拉雷斯的演出场地The Forbidden city, exclusive to the royal family nearly a century ago, is now a place for ordinary citizens to rrlax and visit. In June the world-famous “Three tenors,” Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and Jose Carreras, stages a joint co

46、ncert there.ConclusionThis thesis deals with the translation of tourism English from the perspective of culture. The differences in Chinese and English is clear to view, in which cultural differences in tourism English translation reflected in the history, living environment, aesthetics, value, cust

47、oms and ways of thinking,etc. Cross-cultural consciousness, therefore, is a must for the translators. In order to convey the Chinese to the foreigners effectively, special ways of translation should be accepted in translating tourism English, including explanation, analogy, addition, omission. Whats

48、 more, in order to make the tourism English translation is more standard and rigorous, five principles should be accepted: 1.use language power to make your version attractive, 2.do your best to make a translation or an interpretation understandable and simplified without and distortion of meaning,

49、3.try to make your interpretation adapted to your tourists, 4.convert unfamiliar content into familiar one for the foreigners and strangers from different cultures to understand it, 5.add some brief explanation to your translation with no any harm to the original in meaning.I consider that further investigation in a number of areas is needed before