The compare between Chinese ancient private college and European medieval college英语毕业论文.docx

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1、The compare between Chinese ancient private college and European medieval collegeIntroduction Nowadays, in the college, the research of academic is too little, the morality of teachers and students are terribly broke, the Set of curriculums is too rigid and cumbersome. To most students, they are jus

2、t like corpses with books go to the classroom. What kind of curriculums do they really want? How much knowledge do they really get? And so on. All these questions are just like serious diseases rolling in the hearts of educators. How can we get some useful information and experience, then we can smo

3、othly solve these problems? It is right in this paper, through some comprehensive compare of Chinese ancient private college and European medieval college. To make the past serve for the present and ocean for this. Then we can bring some inspiring ideas to the development and reformation of modern c

4、olleges.Chapter one the compare of background between the Chinese ancient private college and European medieval college1.1 The background of the Chinese ancient private collegeChinese ancient private college sprouted in the end of Tang dynasty, it began rising in five dynasty, and it got the zenith

5、in the beginning of northern Song dynasty. There are many reasons lead to the flourished of the ancient private college, but the most important reasons are the following. First of all, the scope of the imperial examination in the northern Song dynasty increased quickly. But the official education is

6、 in a slump for a long time, the scholars learning needs was tremendous, but there was not enough official teaching sites, so the ancient private college came into being, it played the role of fill the blank of the official academy, and it offered place for vast scholars to study. Secondly, the impe

7、rial court advocated Confucianism, encouraged school and the literati govern the country, but the country has no power to run official schools in a large scale for that time. So the imperial would give many kinds of praise and endorsement to the private college, there were many famous ancient privat

8、e colleges like Bailudong college, Yingtianfu college, Songyang college. They all got books, horizontal inscribed board and the farmland donation by the imperial court, whats more, it also gave many kind of supports to the private founder, there was no doubt that all of these factors leaded to the b

9、loom of the Chinese ancient private college.Thirdly, the influence of the Buddhist temple. for the purpose of leaving the secular and ashram, the temple would always built in the mountain where the environment was secluded and beautiful most of the ancient private college in five dynasty and the ear

10、ly song dynasty were built in the mountains and scenic spots. The buddlist temple including tripitake, lecture, scripture study, these king of things were obviously affected the teaching in the private college. Fourthly, the application of typography, Which lead to the production of books much easie

11、r than handwritten books., Which was an important foundation for the prosperous of private college the book was no longer treasure but available for every people, so, the private college could has a rich collection of books and a really place for teaching and studying to the public.1.1 The backgroun

12、d of the European medieval college In the 11th century, the western European feudal system has been established, as the steady increase in agriculture production, the increase of surplus agricultural and the handcraft developed and gradually spun off from agriculture. Commercial activities also grad

13、ually expanded, the full-time industrial and commercial inhabited a region. They engaged in the production and trade, so, the medieval city gradually formed, generally rising and development of the city and the international trade exchanges have became increasingly frequent, whats more, the crusader

14、 invaded the east and the byzantine culture rapidly spread through Europe, Which promoted the development of European culture objectively. The used obey schools and archbishop school could not meet the needs of the community anymore, so, the medieval college appeared. Initially, in some cities, the

15、students constituted associations by their hometowns, the teaches constituted “ facultas” by subjects, the “facultas” had some guild nature, for some kind of needs, these students and teacher associations combined into a “universitas” for learning and research these “universitas” became the premier

16、university in the 12th century. Then, in Italy, United kingdom and Franc began to appear some of the earliest universities, after the 13th century European countries increased construction of some universities, the Salerno university, Bologna university and the Paris university were the most represe

17、ntative and influential universities in the middle age.The summary and compare of background between Chinese ancient private college and European medieval college Both the generation of Chinese ancient college and European medieval college were lead by the social development to a certain stage and t

18、hey flourished conformed to the historical trend. Whats more both the Chinese ancient college and European medieval college had the basic elements for colleges development, but why Chinese ancient private college just had a brief shining and then annihilated, the medieval college became stronger and

19、 stronger day by day. In the final analysis, it was determined by the manufacture. Chinese ancient college appeared in farming period, but, the European medieval college produced in the period of industrialization, we all knows that advanced production methods lead to advanced productive forces, and

20、 the advanced productivity is the cornerstone of advanced civilization , so, many systems and policies in European medieval college were kept to today, but we do not mean Chinese ancient colleges policies and systems were meaningless, the Chinese ancient college has combined Confucianism, Buddhist s

21、tudy, and the theory of Dao, then, it got such a special kind of humanistic values.Chapter two the compare of management system between the Chinese ancient college and the European medieval college2.1 The management system of the Chinese ancient private college The summit of Chinese ancient college

22、was called mountain praetor or hole host. The mountain praetor was not only the main teaching, but also the supreme supervision, the mountain praetor were often held a post by famous scholars, besides the mountain praetor, the management support staff was seldom in the Chinese ancient college. As th

23、e size of school increased day by day, the teaching management also increased, for example, the Mingdao college set the mountain praetor responsible for the upbringing, then it set every house a chief in the six vegetarian houses, beside this, it also set lecturer, house record, house guest, straigh

24、t school, house telling, department ruse, book manager, ancestral hall manager, medicine manager, and staffs assisted the management. The items of teaching staffs were more than ten kinds of.2.2 The management system of the European medieval college The management system of medieval college can be d

25、ivided into two kinds, the first kind of management system of colleges were called “student college” as the name suggested, it was the students to manage the internal affairs, such as the hiring of professors, the amount of tuition and the time limit of the semester, they were all decided by student

26、s, the college in the southern Europe, like Italy, France (except for Paris) Spain, Portugal and so on, all were belong to this kind. the second kind of management system of college were called “teacher college” as the name suggested, the teachers managed the initial affairs, the northern European c

27、olleges, like England, Scotland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark and so on. All belonged to this kind.2.3 The summary and compare of management system between the Chinese ancient college and European medieval college We can found that the Chinese ancient colleges management system was undertook by mountain

28、 praetor and those central figures, it prosecuted “mountain praetor responsibility” and it also let students participate in the management of the college. But in sum up, the mountain praetors personal accomplishment, ability, quality, morality would largely affected the colleges development, so, mou

29、ntain praetors individual will would bring the college to a right or wrong situation. However, the European medieval college management system, no matter the “student college” or the “teacher college” represented the so-called democracy in capitalist society, but the balance would tend to a certain

30、group in the management, to the most students or teachers, their benefits could be compromised.Chapter three the compare of school characteristics between the Chinese ancient college and the European medieval college 3.1 The compare of teaching content between the Chinese ancient private college and

31、 the European medieval college3.1.1 The teaching content of the Chinese ancient private college Not like the official schools emphasized on the imperial examination , so all the teaching contents arrangement served for the imperial examination, but the Chinese ancient private colleges teaching conte

32、nt arrangement largely emphasized on students literary accomplishment. The teaching content in the Chinese ancient private college can be divided into four parts. they were literature and history study, Confucian classics study, ethical shaping, practical professional learning. For literature and hi

33、story, because the china was a kingdom of poem since the ancient times, the taste of poems was indispensable main course, the Bailudong colleges special quiet and beautiful geographical environment also got the students away from secular, then they lingered in the poetic, this kind of environment se

34、rved an excellent secluded environment for students, since the southern Tang dynasty, Bailudong college had open the book of songs, the songs of Chu and some other classic poetrys interpretation course, as the main ethos changed, Taoists poems also included in teaching content. Strategies of the war

35、ring states, history al records, the book of former Han, and a large number of classic history books also collected in hole, the hole praetor just gave some brief reviews to historical events, most of the time left to the students themselves aftertaste and read. To cultivate students logical and spe

36、culative, inherited historians “read history to understand own aspiration, make history serve the present” from the strategists eloquent talk and the characteristics of the times supersession and feddal lords vying for the throne in the Han dynasty. For Confucians classics study, its interpretation

37、was very popular in Bailudong college, the students not only learning pre-Qing periods Confucians classics, such as book, easy, the book of rites, etiquette, propriety, analects, mencius, whats more, zhuxi himself has compiled four chapters variorum as learning materials, but also the students would

38、 learn Confucianisms new development in the new stage of Song dynasty -thoughts about Confucian idealism. For moral education, as the main teaching content of Bailudong college in Song dynasty, it was always emphasized, which has been listed as the first purpose for school and education, it was clos

39、ely integrated and collaborated with the interpretation of the Confucian classics courses, until Zhuxi took over Bailudong college, it has accumulated a system of moral education theory system. Bailudong college emphasized the interpretation of poet and confucian classics, besides that, it also deep

40、ly affected by “a vegetarian learning” raised by a famous educator Huyuan at that time, so, it has arranged for practical professional s learning Huyuans “a vegetarian learning” emerged as the times required, the set up treatment house, Confucian classics house, which implemented education varied fr

41、om person to person, according students interests, the Confucian classics house taught Confucian classics, the treatment houses teaching content included farming, water conservancy, management, arithmetic, military and several practical knowledge and skills ,Bailudong colleges practical professional

42、 courses generally compiled with the Huyuans “a vegetarian learning” mode, its purpose was to adapt to the needs of society and supply occupation skill talents.3.1.2 The teaching content of European medieval college The European medieval college was a kind of agency to carry out advanced teaching an

43、d research that the general church school was unable to undertake. The European medieval college had professional study of literature and art, law, medicine and theology. Its curriculum didnt conclude history or any curriculums like social sciences of today. After students went to college, it would

44、take four years to research basic liberal arts, that was to learn latin law and rhetoric, grasp the logic rules. The core of theology curriculum system was controversy around bible, at that time, all the teachers and students were priests or priest working candidates, they gathered in a place and de

45、bated on reason and faith. These teaching activities further developed the scholasticism. Which was to eliminate social suspicion on the legitimacy of exist of god, so the set of curriculum was mainly about learning grammar, rhetoric, logic. The teaching content was divided into grammar, rhetoric, l

46、ogic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomical. In the institute of literature and art, which dominant curriculums was logic and dialectics, its purpose was to develop students correct thinking ability and lay the foundation for further study of other courses. The school of medicine and the scho

47、ol of law emphasized on professional knowledge teaching. After 12th century, legal knowledge became important to the exercise the functions of pope, so , most of the popes were proficient an canon law, besides that, as the development of the church and the city, the demand of trained personnel incre

48、ased day by day. To train the future priests, lawyers, doctors and officials was essential.3.1.3 The summary and compare of teaching content between Chinese ancient private college and European medieval college The European medieval colleges teaching content had a very similar to modern university,

49、but it was obviously to say the teaching content was more emphasized on theology and classical humanities. In contrast, the Chinese ancient private colleges teaching content was more emphasized on inner cultivation and ethics. Whats more, it also had more practical and professional contents,.3.2 The teaching method of Chinese ancient private college and European medieval college3.2.1The teaching method of Chinese ancient private college