人教版2018年八年级英语上册期末复习知识点总结.docx

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1、Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给的感觉；感受到 f

2、eel like doing sth go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some

3、, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。复合不定代词：由some，any，no，every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。somebody = som

4、eone某人 something 某物，某事anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人 everything每一个事物，一切词组：for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，Its nothing. (不用谢，不必在意) anybody else(别人)（1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。 Everything

5、 is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语）I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。（作宾语）Thats nothing.没什么。（作表语）（2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（3）代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用it；代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词，一般用they，在正式文体中可用he。如：Everyone knows what they have to do, dont they ？Everyone knows what he has to do, doesnt he ? 每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是

6、吗？（2）something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。 （肯定句）Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？ （疑问句）We cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。 （否定句）If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条

7、件状语从句）（3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。（形容词）Is there anything important in todays newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝点什么吗？If there is anything I can do for you , please tell

8、me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、everybody、someone，somebody都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，s要加在else后面。如： That must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here? 有人吗？You can take any on

9、e of these. 你可以随便拿一个。与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，notany-构成完全否定，但没有any-not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来look+adj. 看起来smell 闻起

10、来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来taste deliciouslook beautifulsmell terrible sound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来 No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth.arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去

11、做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 dislike doing/ to do sth. 不喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing/ to do sth.开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停歇Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于 tooto

12、not enough to. it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere ne

13、ar here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not dec

14、ide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .1)创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.2)机器开动： I cant start my car.3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years o

15、ld.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。

16、 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too

17、expensive. Unit2 How often do you exercise?help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈

18、课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对有好处 sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光be bad for对有坏处 sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱be good with与友好相处 sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

19、 be kind to sb. 对某人友好go camping去野营notat all一点儿也不 in ones free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to/see the dentist去看牙医 morn than+数词=over +数词 多于；超过 less than少于help sb. with sth.=help (sb. ) to do sth帮助某人做某事 How/ What about (doing)? .怎么样？/ 好不好？表提议want sb. to do

20、 sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ 有多少?主语+find+that从句. 发现 Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth. 通过做某事 Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Whichdo you like best? 你最喜欢词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, th

21、ree times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.1. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于

22、 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt To

23、m come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词,

24、 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.7.

25、 more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont b

26、e afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于

27、过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay

28、 here for some time. -How long will you stay here?11. both、 neither、either 的区别：We both like sports. 我们两个都喜欢运动。 They are both tall. 他们两个都高。总结：both 表示两者都,bothand意为“和都”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both my sister and my brother are doctors. 拓展： neither nor意为“和都不；既不也不”表示两者都不。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语的单复数形式采用“就近原则”。 Neither y

29、ou nor she is right. 你和她都不对。eitheror意为“或者或者”，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。 Either you or she is wrong. 不是你错了，就是他错了。not onlybut also意为“不仅而且”，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。Not only I but also she likes playing drums. 不仅我喜欢打鼓，而且她也喜欢打鼓。 with意为“和一起”。连接两个主语时，谓动采取“就远原则”He with his friends is playing. His friends with he are playin

30、g football.Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Thats Tara, isnt it?Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.more outgoing更外向 asas与一样 the singing competition唱歌比赛be similar to与相像的/类似的 be the same as和相同；与一致 be different from

31、与不同care about关心；介意 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的touch ones heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋be good at擅长 be good with善于与相处have fun （in）doing

32、 sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at/do well in doing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，sb为名词或代词的宾格形式。词句中的形容词主要有：easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting等 Itsbetterforyoutolivealoneforsometime.你单独住一段时间更好些。 Itis+adj.+ofsb.

33、+todosth.句型中的形容词表示人的性格与品质，主要有：kind,good,nice,wrong等。Itisveryniceofyoutogivemesuchagoodpresentformybirthday.词语辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。laugh at嘲笑 Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed

34、 at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意: although/ though 不能与but however连用， 但是能与 yet still连用。 如：Though he was

35、poor， he was happy.though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；2）比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带

36、in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化： 构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”

37、，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most littl

38、e less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远) furthest（最深远）句型： 1) A比B 怎么样： A+ V.（be/实义动词）+ 形容词/副词的比较级+than +B. e.g.: Tina is taller than Tara. Tom jump higher than Jim. 2) A与B一样, A+ V. +as 形容词/副词的原级as + B as(原级)as与一样as not as/soas不如 A不如B , A+V. (的否定形式) + as 形容词/副词的原级+ B.Liming is as tall as

39、 Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some question

40、s?movie theater电影院 close to离近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more越来越and so on等等 all kinds of各种各样的 be up to是的职责；由决定not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role/part in （doing）在(做)方面发挥作用/有影响for e

41、xample例如 takeseriously认真对待 give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到Can I ask you some?我能问你一些吗？How do you like?= what do you think of? 你认为怎么样？Thank sb. for doing sth.因做而感谢某人。much+ adj./adv.的比较级 得多see/watch/look at sb. do sth.观看某人做某事 see/watch/look at sb./sth. doing sth. 看见某人在做某事 (hear

42、, listen to, notice, feel等感官动词的用法与watch一致。)one of+可数名词的复数 之一，做主语，谓动用“三单”. One of + 形容词的最高级+ n. 的复数 最之一 the + 序数词+ 形容词的最高级+. 第几的 e.g. Jack is the second tallest student in my class. 形容词和副词的最高级比较级有变化，一般词尾加-er， 最高级有变化，词尾加上-est，词尾若是哑音e, 直接加r就可以， 词尾若是哑音e, 直接加上-st，一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er， 一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est，形副音节1

43、23，比较等级more在前。 形副单词多音节，最高级前the most。1.表示由动词加-ing或-ed构成的形容词。2.表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。 3.表示部分双音节及多音节词。tall- taller short- shorter long- longer fat- fatter heavy- heavier thin - thinner cute - cuter clever- clevereststrict- stricter kind-kinder nice - nicer calm - calmer wild - wilder smart- smarter quiet - quieter loud-louder shy - shier lovely - lovelier pretty- prettier ugly-uglier funny- funnier friendly-friendlier / less friendlyhappy-happier lazy - lazierpopular- more popular outgoing more outgoing talented-more talented serious more/less serious active-more active athletic -more