The History of English in Ten Minutes.doc

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1、The History of English in Ten MinutesChapter One Anglo-Saxon(or whatever happend to the Jutes?)The English Language begins with the phrase “Up Yours Caesar!” as the Romans leave Britain.罗马人离开不列颠时，英语的发展以“去你的凯撒！”这句话为起点。And a lot of Germanic tribes starts flooding in, tribes such as the Anglos and Saxo

2、ns,who together gave us the term Anglo-Saxon，and the Jutes, who didnt.很多日耳曼部落开始涌入,例如盎格鲁人和撒克逊人，他们留下了盎格鲁-撒克逊人这个术语,以及没有留下任何说法的朱特人。The Romans left some very straight roads behind, but not much of their Latin Language.罗马人留下了一些非常笔直的路，但没有留下太多的拉丁语。The Anglo-Saxon vocab was much useful, as it was mainly word

3、s for simple everyday things,like house, woman, bread and werewolf.盎格鲁-撒克逊语词有用很多,因为那基本都是日常生活用品，例如房子、女人、面包和狼人。Four of our days of the week were,named in honer of Anglo-Saxon gods. They didnt bother with Saturday, Sunday and Monday, as they all had gone off for a long weekend.一个星期中的四天，以盎格魯-撒克逊神灵的名字命名。

4、他们没有打扰到星期六、星期天和星期一，因为都欢度漫长的周末去了。While they were away, Christian missionaries stole in bringing with them leaflets about jumble sales and more Latin.Christianity was a hit with the locals and made them much happier to take on funky new words from Latin, like martyrs, bishop and holy water basin.他们不在的

5、时候，基督教传教士带着有关教堂义卖和更多有关拉丁语的小册子溜了进来。基督教使当地人为之一震，并使他们更乐于接受拉丁语来的新奇词汇，例如殉道者、主教和圣水盆。Along came the Vikings, with their action-man words, like drag, ransack,thrust and die.They may have raped and pillaged, but they were also into give and take, two of around 2000 word they gave English, as well as the phra

6、se “Watch out for that man with the enormous axe”.随之而来的维京人，带来了富有侵略性的词汇，例如拖拽、洗劫、刺和死。也许他们奸淫掳掠过，但他们也喜欢给予和吸收,而这两个词也来自其赠与英语的两千余词，以及这句话“小心那男人，他有把大斧”。Chapter Two The Norman Conquest(or excuse my English)1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror Invades England, bringing new concepts from across the cha

7、nnel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book, and the duty-free Galoiss multipack.1066年。名副其实的征服者威廉入侵英格兰，从海峡对岸带来了些新观念，比如法语、末日审判书以及免税的高卢烟盒装包。French was “de rigueur” for all official business, with words like “judge”, “jury”, “evidence” and “justice”, coming in and giving John Grishams career a ki

8、ck-start. Latin was still used “ad nauseam” in charch, but the common man spoke English, able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly, until the others understood him.法语合乎礼节地成为商业的官方用语，像审判、陪审团、证据和公正这类词，给了约翰格里森姆的事业一个牛B的起点。拉丁语仍然不厌其烦的在教堂用着，但普通人说英语，只有放慢语速，抬高音量，别人才明白。Words like “cow”, “shee

9、p” and “swine”, come from the English-speaking farmers. While the “a la carte” versions “beef”, “nation” and “park”, come from the French-speaking toffs, beginning a long-running trend of restaurants having completely indecipherable menus.牛、羊和猪这些词，源自英国农民口中。而菜单版本的牛肉、羊肉和猪肉，则源自说法语的有钱阶层， 那时起，开启了餐馆制定让人读不

10、懂菜单的风气。All in all, the English absorbed about ten thousand new words from the Normans, though they still couldnt grasp the rules of cheek kissing. The “bonhomie” all ended when the English nation, took their new warlike lingo of “armies”, “navies” and “soldiers”, and began the Hundred Years War agai

11、nst France. It actually lasted 116 years, but by that point, no one could count any higher in French, and English took over as the language of power.总的来说，英语从诺曼人哪里吸收了差不多一万个词汇，但仍无法彻底弄懂法国人亲吻脸颊的规则。这种亲密彻底结束于英国，运用新的军事行动，如军队、海军和士兵，并开启了英法之间的百年战争。战争实际上进行了116年，但到那时，没有人能够用法语数到更大的位数，英语重新夺回权利语言的地位。Chapter Three

12、Shakespeare(or a plaque on both his house)As the dictionary tells us, about 2000new words and phrases were invented by William Shakespeare. He gave us handy words like “eyeball”, “puppy dog” and “anchovy” and more show-offs words, like “dauntless”, “besmirch” and “lackluster”. He came up with the wo

13、rd “alligator” soon after he ran out of thing to rhyme with “crocodile”.就像字典上说的，大约有两千个词和短语是威廉莎士比亚发明的。他留给我们诸如眼珠、小狗和凤尾鱼这些常见有用的词，以及类似无畏、污秽和呆滞等晦涩用来炫耀的词。他在找不到和鳄鱼押韵的词之后，杜撰出了短吻鳄这个词。And a nation of tea drinkers finally took him to their hearts when he invented the “hobnob”.饮茶国度他发明对酌这个词后，最终记住了他。Shakespeare k

14、new the power of catchphrases as well as biscuits.Without him wed never eat our “flesh and blood”, “out of house and home”. Wed have to say “good riddance” to the “green eyed monster”, and “breaking the ice” would be as dead as a doornail”. If you tried to get your “moneys worth”, youd be given “short shrift”, and anyone who “laid it on with a trowel” could be “hoist with his own petard”莎翁知道引人注目的话和饼干有同等的吸引力。没有他我们从不吃肉喝血，不会倾家荡产。我们不得不说可喜地摆脱了绿眼怪，打破僵局将会一命呜呼。如果你想要使物有所值，你会被忽视，任何想要用铲子挖地的人将会作茧自缚