PET英文书信.docx

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1、英文书信分为私人信函和业务信函（公函）两大类。私人信函指个人与个人之间的来往书信；业务信函为谈论或处理公务的信函。1.英文书信的基本格式：英文信一般由六部分组成：信头(Heading），信内地址(Inside Address)，称呼(Salutation)，正文(Letter Body)，结束用语(Complimentary Close)，签名(Signature)。信头：指写信人的地址和写信日期。一般写在信的右上角。先写地址，后写日期。日期写法用“月日年”或“日月年”都可以，最好用基数词表示。信内地址：指收信人的姓名和地址。在称呼上方顶格写起, 低于信头。先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位，再写收信

2、人地址。(信内地址只用于商务书信)称呼:对收信人的称呼。写在信内地址下，从左顶格写起。常以Dear开头,接逗号。正文：指信的内容。这是信函最主要的部分，基本要求是正确、简洁、明了、礼貌。结束用语：又称谦恭语等，是写信人对收信人的一种谦称。一般写在信的右下方，单独成行，开头字母大写，末尾用逗号。所用的表达法略有不同，如：在不相识的人之间用：Yours (very) truly / Yours faithfully / Yours respectfully等；在一般熟人之间用：Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely / Yours devotedly / Yours

3、cordially等；在亲戚或密友之间用：Yours / Yours ever / Lovingly / With love / Yours affectionately / Your sincere (true, devoted) friend / Your loving等；对上级或长辈用：Yours (very) obediently / Yours (very) respectfully / Yours gratefully / Yours appreciatively等.（注：Yours也可以后置。）(私人信函中常用With my best wishes / With best reg

4、ards / All my love等词语与结束语连用。)签名：指写信人的亲笔签名。写在结束语之下。有的信函有附言(Postscript)和附件(Enclosure)。附言在信尾用P.S.表示。附件用Encl.或Enc.表示。(附件不止一项时就用Encs表示)英文信函常见的书写格式是缩进式(Indented style)和齐头式(Block style)。缩进式写法是段首缩进约四五个英文字母，段与段之间不空行。这是正规的传统写法，使用较广泛。齐头式写法每行都从左边顶格写起，段与段之间空一行。此格式是简化的现代格式，高效省时，多为商务信函所采用。2.私人信函 (Personal / Privat

5、e letter)私人信函属非正式信函。一般由信头、称呼、正文、结束用语和签名五个部分组成。常见的私人信函有：邀请信(Letter of Invitation)、祝贺信(Letter of Congratulation)、感谢信(Letter of Thanks)、道歉信(Letter of Apology)、慰问信(Letter of Condolence)等。我们来了解一下邀请函的写法：邀请函可以是私人信函，也可以是事务信函，分正式(请柬)和非正式(一般邀请函)两种。写一般邀请函要注意：叙事要清楚，要把活动的场合、时间、地点、内容等交代详细；被邀请者无论接受与否都应及时回信；回函中要复述邀

6、请信提到的时间、地点和人物。常用句型：Ill be expecting you on.I have pleasure in accepting your invitation to.I regret that I have another arrangement at.I am sorry that I shall not be able to join you because.We would like to invite you toIt would be our pleasure to have you present atWe should be more than pleased i

7、f you can join usPlease confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time of arrival, so we can arrange for you to be met.I do hope you can make it.If you cant make it, please also let me know.例:(邀请函)Dear Miss Brown,My cousin Jack will be staying with us for a few days during the C

8、hristmas holiday and I have planned a family dinner for him next Friday evening at six thirty so that he can meet some of our friends. We should be delighted if you could join us. I hope you will let me know that you can come.Yours sincerely,Tom Henry复函1:(接受邀请）Dear Mr. Henry,Thank you for your kind

9、invitation to the dinner with you and Mrs. Henry which are giving next Friday for your cousin at six thirty p.m. I shall be very happy indeed to come, and look forward with pleasure to meeting your cousin.Sincerely yours,(Signature)复函2:(拒绝邀请）Dear Mr. Henry,I am so sorry that I cannot go to the dinne

10、r with you and Mrs. Henry which are giving next Friday for your cousin at six thirty p.m. Unfortunately, I have already made an engagement for that evening. I do appreciate your kind invitation and hope we shall have the opportunity to say yes at some future time.Very sincerely,(Signature)私人信函的常用句型：

11、We wish you succeed in.Allow me to convey my congratulations.Please accept our heartiest congratulations.Convey my warm congratulations.Send you our very best wishes for the future.Many thanks for .It was good of youWe really appreciateWe are grateful forPlease accept my sincere appreciation for.Im

12、so sorry thatWe must apologize for.We are extremely sorry forPlease accept our apologies once again.We hope that this has not caused you any inconvenience.It is with great sorrow that I hear of .We are greatly shocked to learn that.I should like to know you getting on now.We do hope that you are doi

13、ng well after私人信函常用客套语:Your kind letter which I received has given me great comfort.Not having heard of you for long, I feel anxious.Thank you very much for your letter dated.Wish you the best of health and success.Kindly favor me with an early reply.Hoping for a favorable answer.Give my best wishes

14、 toPlease remember me to3业务信函（公函）(Official Correspondence)业务信函中有处理一般公务的事务类信函及涉及贸易往来关系的商务类信函。事务信函所涉及的内容有求职、推荐、申请、介绍、邀请、咨询、招聘等等。事务信函写作的基本要求：格式包括六个部分，即信头、信内地址、称呼、正文，结束用语和签名；正文开门见山，内容简明扼要，条理清楚完整；信件用词比较正式。下面是两种常见事务信函：（1)申请信(Letter of Application):申请信包括求职申请(Application for a Job)、入学申请(Application for Admi

15、ssion)、奖学金申请(Application for Scholarship)、签证申请(Visa Application)等。各种申请信的侧重点不同，但遵循的原则是一致的，目的是用简短的篇幅将自己推介出去，以达到预想的目标。写申请信要注意以下几点： 用词要正式；有“信内地址”；内容简要，条理清楚；正文介绍自己的基本情况、说明申请内容及原因等；有时要附学历证件、推荐信等，便于对方了解后做决定。最常见的申请函是求职信，其内容包括：说明应聘职位，交代所得信息的来源；介绍自身情况；求职信不同于简历，不可面面俱到，要有针对性地阐述自己的能力与特长；请求面试机会并表示感谢。常用句型：I learne

16、d from the newspaper thatI have seen your advertisement in todays newspaper andI hope you will consider my application. Meanwhile, please do not hesitate to contact me.I am writing to inquire opportunities forI hope to be lucky enough to enterI should like to apply for the scholarship thatI am writi

17、ng to ask whether you couldI work hard and I can get along well with others.I would welcome the opportunity for a personal interview with you at your convenience.I hope that you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably.例：(求职申请)Dec.6, 2009Dear Mr. Manager,In reply to your advertisemen

18、t in todays Changsha Daily, I am applying for the position of secretary. I am twenty of age, female and will graduate from Xiangnan International Studies University in July. I have been studying English for the past four years. I majored in Secretarial and Public Relations English (公关英语) among my co

19、urses. I would very much like the opportunity to work in your company and convert my knowledge to practical use (学以致用).Enclosed is my resume. I would be grateful if you would grant(准许) me an interview.I am looking forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,Lu Ting（2）推荐信(Letter of Recommendation)：推

20、荐信经常用作求职的附加材料。推荐信内容包括说明推荐人与被推荐人关系，对被推荐人的认识和了解以及介绍被推荐人的能力等。写推荐信必须客观、公正。推荐人所说的情况必须与被推荐人的材料相符。推荐信写给有关单位或个人时，称呼语可用 “To whom it may concern ”。常用句型与结构：Its my pleasure to recommend.I take pleasure in introducing to youAchieve excellent results in study and have a good command of English.Have a pleasant per

21、sonality.Be qualified for the job/be competent for the job/be fit for the job.Having good and extensive social connections.Being highly organized and efficient.Young, bright, energetic with strong career ambition.Work well with different colleagues.Excellent ability of commercial management.例：Wuhan

22、YQ Company108Yanhu Road, WuhanHubeiOctober 24, 2009Dear Sir or Madam,Its my pleasure to recommend Mr. Xiao Wei for a position in your esteemed company. Mr. Xiao, a man of intelligence and efficiency, has worked as a senior executive in our company for over three years and won public praise among his

23、 colleagues.Many overseas companies have been established in Wuhan these years. Mr. Xiao hope to work in one of these companies for a better prospect.I am sorry to lose him but, for his own good, I highly recommend him to you.Yours sincerely,Peng HaoManager商务信函(Business Letter)涵盖很广，因业务内容不同可分为建立业务关系、

24、询价报价、涨价通知、催款、订货、投诉索赔等。信函的格式比较正式，一般包括信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束敬语和签名六个部分。商务信函的特点是（“7C原则”）：Clarity/清楚：避免使用含歧义的字句；Conciseness/简洁：避免使用冗长的句子；Courtesy/礼貌：语气恰当，态度诚恳；Completeness/完整：包含所有需要表达的信息；Concreteness/具体：传达的信息要具体、鲜明；Correctness/准确：避免拼写、语法和标点符号等错误；Consideration/体谅：多考虑收件人的要求，同时要强调积极的方面。商务信函的写法及要求:书写常用齐头式和缩进式；表达力求

25、简洁、礼貌；套用礼貌用语；正文内容要完整，条理须清晰；信函中一般不使用缩写,如:Im, Well等；结束敬语常用:Truly yours (Yours truly), Faithfully yours (Yours faithfully), Sincerely yours (Yours sincerely), Cordially yours (Yours cordially)等。写作中容易出错的地方：要求写日期时，漏写或写法不对；署名后不须加任何标点符号，许多考生习惯加句号；结束语与签名写在同一行；Yours写成Your；结束语后面不加逗号。我们来看看下面几种商务信函的写法：（1）询价信与报价

26、信 (Letter of Inquiry & Offer)询价信是指贸易双方的一方对另一方的商品或服务感兴趣，希望能与其达成贸易关系的信函。询价信与报价信的写作特点：语气较诚恳、客气，常套用礼貌用语；专业术语出现较多，如：售后服务(after-sale service)、折扣(discount)、价目单(price list)等。常用句型：We would appreciate it if you let us knowPlease let us know the prices includingCould you send us some information, such asWe sho

27、uld also like to knowWe are interested in and should be glad to have details of.Please quote us your lowest/best priceand tell us the earliest possible date ofI am glad to hear that you are interested in ourThank you for your inquiry of, we are pleased to offer them as follows:As requested, we are s

28、ending you ourTo enable you to have better understanding of, we are sending you.Enclosed is the catalogue and price list.Under separate cover, we are sending you.例1：（询价信）January25, 2007Dear Mr. Guan Li,From your advertisements we know that you are making transformers (变压器) in a variety of types. We

29、are interested in your products. Would you please send us the details of your products? If possible, please send us some pictures of the products.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Louis Smith例2：（报价信）February14, 2007Dear Mr. Louis Smith,Its our pleasure to submit(提交) the attached qu

30、otation for your review and consideration. Here enclosed are some pictures of our latest types of transformers. This quotation package consists of the following:Section 1- Price list for transformersSection 2- Types of transformersSection 3- Technical specification(说明书)In the price list you can see

31、we are giving you the lowest prices and offer our best goods. We also think it better to offer you a 5% discount on purchases(购买) of more than 10 units.Please advise if you have additional questions.Yours sincerely,Guan Li(2)建立业务关系信 (Letter of Establishing Trade Relations)请求建立业务关系是公司为了开拓市场，通过商会、交易会、

32、互联网等形式主动向自身产品的潜在购买方发出邀请，希望对方能予以合作的一种商业信函。建立业务关系信函的特点与询价函一样，都要突出诚意。务必阐明自己的情况和目的以及所感兴趣的货物。但先要告知对方自己获知对方情况的信息来源，以争取对方信任，达到建立联系的目的。常用句型：We have obtained your name and address fromWe are writing to inquire whether you would be willing to establish trade relations with us.We are interested in extending ou

33、r range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.We would expect to place orders on you if your prices are competitive.In compliance with request, we are sending youunder separate cover We are willing to establish business relations with your company.例：May 9, 2009Dear Mr. Foster,We have o

34、btained your name and address from Dol.& Co. Ltd, and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish trade relations with us.We have been importers of suitcases for some years. At present, we are planning to extend our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If

35、 your prices are competitive, we would expect to place orders on youWe look forward to your early reply.Yours truly,John ReedChief Buyer（采购部主）例2：（回复）May 21, 2009Dear Mr. Reed,Thank you for your letter of the 9thof this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company.In com

36、pliance with request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range.Should you wish to place an order, please email or fax us.Yours faithfully,Bill MorseChief seller(销售部主任)(3)投诉索赔信(Letter of Complaint & Claim)投诉信和索赔信是在向提供服务或货物的一方进行投诉或要求赔偿的信件。

37、写此类信件的关键是要把理由说清楚，语气不宜太生硬。投诉信一般包括三部分：投诉内容、投诉原因以及希望得到的结果。常用句型：I am writing to you to complain aboutI am writing to inform to that I am dissatisfied withI would like to have this matter settled by the end ofI request immediate replacement ofI look forward to a day when例：Dear Manager,Much to my regret,

38、I write this to place a complaint against your bad delivery service in your company.The Jinye tape recorder model number BK/2-70 which I ordered from your company on March14 arrived yesterday. I am sorry to report that the recorder has been badly damaged. There was no unusual damage to the packing c

39、ase, but when I opened it, I found that the front surface of the machine had been scratched(刮).Would you please let me know whether I should return the recorder to you for a replacement or if you have an authorized (授权) service representative (代理人) here? I will hold this recorder until I hear from y

40、ou.Sincerely yours,Tom White索赔信的内容有两部分：说明货物受损情况；提出索赔要求。信函格式与一般商务信函基本相同，有些索赔信正文开头有一个“索赔内容”（Re:), 以标题形式说明索赔内容。常用句型：You are kindly requested to checkYour prompt attention is appreciated.We trust that you will be kind enough to accept this claim andWe should appreciate it if you would give your prompt a

41、ttention to this matter.Please acknowledge receipt of this letter and settle the claim as soon as possible.We suggest that the loss be divided between both of us, to which we hope you will agree.例：May 27, 2009Dear,Re:Claim on Table ClothesYour shipment (交运的货物) of table clothes arrived today. We have found two cartons of clothes are completely wet. Because of this, the items were damaged and cannot be sold. We are returning these two cartons today, and request immediate replacement (更换) of the damaged goods.Sincerely,*