SAT语法难题详细解析.docx

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1、 书面语中只有whether表示“是否”，if不可以 注意句子中前后面its和their是否对应 短语若能简化却用复杂形式就算错，能简洁就简洁，简洁性原则（在不改变句意的前提下） 找不到错误时，注意句子前后时态的一致性和固定搭配（介词的用法） 注意以下结构：名词+介词+名词，如a newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have，错的！of 后面的名词全都可以忽略，谓语动词的单复数看介词之前的名词。 不能语义重复！ 注意倒装时的时态、单复数一致，尤其是there be举行的be的单复数，由be后面的主语决定，如：A

2、lso supported (A) by the commission was (B) the proposed health clinics and the proposed center (C) to distribute information on job-training (D) opportunities. No error (E)答案：B 若出现指代不明确的情况，有相同选项的如it，可以直接划掉多个选项。 要注意with的出现很有可能跟前面的格式不匹配 有两个动词在不同的时间时，早的那个要用完成时。 完成时可以表示持续的动作。e.g. RDX has been very nice

3、 to me. (was nice and still is nice) swim-swam-swum, run-ran-run 优先纠正：句子完整性句意完整性是否有语法错时态错简洁性原则，修改句子时注意不能改变原句句意，即使会让句子变得累赘，如OC2Section6No.4 平行形式 A, B and C 中一定是 and 连接，而不是 as well as This不可以单独充当主语或宾语 注意指代不清的问题。同一句话中如果有they之类的，那么前面必须只有1个复数名词，否则会导致指代不清。that等同理。 宾语从句 that 不省 this/that 在SAT中指代整句话绝对是错误的 没

4、有 do it / them / that 只有 do so 表示是否只能用 whether , 不使用 if 和whether or not 就近原则：there be句型, not only., but also.; neither., nor.; either., or. 不要被句末多加的then之类的词误导，其实往往没错 For后面要跟宾语形式，we要改成us，I改成me, she改成her，此次类推 However, thus, hence, then, also, even不是conjunction，不能连接两个SVO，要加and或； 时间词的重复（contemporary & o

5、f the period, annual & each year, etc.） Like来比较不能乱用，很可能变成illogical comparison，平行结构 Rather than的两边格式、类别都是要一样 如果某修饰词既可以修饰前面也可以修饰后面，那移动它的位置。e.g. The oysters agreedon Sundayto go for a stroll with the walrus. (UNCLEAR)e.g. The oysters agreed to go for a stroll with the walruson Sunday. (CLEAR) Nothing c

6、an be different from itself.e.g. Lemon has posted more threads than CUUSers.(wrong)e.g. Lemon has posted more threads thanotherCUUSers.(correct) 搭配就近原则(not only/but also; neither nor; either or; not but)e.g. Not only lemon but alsoI ama cuuser. （1）联合主语通常用复数。( noun and noun +verb-pl.)如people, cattle,

7、 police, etc.e.g. Lemon and sat2400arecuusers.（2）联合主语指代一个事情的时候用单数。e.g. Cecilia and Andyisthe name of an ID.（3）诡异的主语情况。 1.单数，medium, datum, phenomenon, criterion 2.复数，media, data, phenomena, criteria（4）似复实单的情况。如billiards, checkers; physics, statistics; measles, rickets; customs, news等等。（5）分清真正主语(n1 o

8、f n2)e.g. a pair of scissors is on the desk.few, many, several为复数形式。 如果一个题有一项是在固定搭配的词组下划线，并且没有错，那么一般这个句子就没有错。 注意！如果前面是个动词如: contaminated by sewage，后面则是which can last for days.这个which不是指代sewage。Sewage不能last for days，而是contamination could last for days. 所以不能用which指代，而应该是明确使用contaminate的名词形式，contaminat

9、ion 注意插入语的干扰（两个逗号之间） 被动句很有可能是错的，因为没明确动作发出者！（加“by”就ok了） Because of doing和having doing后面跟过去式时，having doing往往正确 Be more s.thofA thanofB，不用在of B前加that之类的 So much.as（距离很远也要看清） Synonymous with，Synonym of/for Both和thus 重复，不能同时出现 注意动词的分词短语的逻辑主语是否一致，即v-ing或v-ed出现时，注意该短语的主语的逻辑主语是否存在，或匹配如OC1Section7No.22、OC2Se

10、ction6No2 Maya proudly wore her sisters most popular invention, a watch for winter campers that , and sends out a loud alarm when pressing a button,此处的pressing有错，句子中的任何成分都不能做pressing的逻辑主语。 固定用法 Be capable of, be a threat to, one of its kind, be impressed with, so that, sothat, just asso, had hardlyw

11、hen, no soonerthan, notany more Mistrust of s.th, be particular above/over s.th, on the verge of, advocate of/for And so=and therefore,错的！ Preventfrom, protest sb/s.th against, prohibit sb/s.th from! ever since known to be s.b/known as s.b皆可 Determine不加about, determine on s.th/to do s.th point to/to

12、wardss.thAll the evidence points to suicide. A as (adj) as B, C, D（as.as的两边类比一样的事物，并且可以是母集和子集关系） Whereas = but, Whereby = by which, Thereby = as a result culminate in/withs.th certify sb as s.th, strike sbass.th be desirous of s.th, s.th is desirable the reason.be that draw on/upon s.thto use inform

13、ation or your knowledge of something to help you do something,利用（信息）:His novels draw heavily on his childhood.She had a wealth of experIdentify Errsnce to draw on. In addition要在句首用. Subject to=depend on, yield toWe plan to go on Wednesday, subject to your approval.此时subject为形容词Moving all the books s

14、hould not take long, subject to there being(= if there are)enough helpers. 注意！Because不能用is because之类的！一定要：（句子）,because（句子） Reconcile s.thwith Xxxxs reasonsarethat.and that.因为有are,所以要跟2个或以上的that从句,这里的that不可省略！ Doing s.th. is as (adj) asit is.，因为doing可以看成名词，所以要有同是名词代词的it So.as.（so和as距离远要看清）, Just as .

15、 . . so. Xxx is in A,not, as many people assume, in B. For all = despite (!) At risk of doing s.th，At risk from A provides(或其他动词) xxx better thandoesB.，A provides(或其他动词) as much xxx asdoesB. (形容词) because of but/and（形容词）because of 在平行句，noun, noun, noun and修饰语+ noun中，这个修饰语不影响平行结构 be committed to / co

16、mmit oneself to / commit ones life to 致力于 be dedicated to doing 致力于 persuade sb into s.th/into doing s.th be excel at doing 擅长于 prohibit./prevent/keep sb from doing sth take interest in, 对很好奇, take offense at . 因.发怒, take pride in,以.为自豪 tend to / have a tendency to do(不能加of).有的趋势 In the hope of Preo

17、ccupation with, Comply with, Afflict with resemblance to, condemn as, debate over/over/about A be familiar to B:A对B而言很出名，GaGa is familiar to me.A be familiar with B: B很了解A，I am familiar with GaGa far from 远非；far away from 实际距离远 从没出现过2道连选E的情况，若考试时连选，一定要仔细检查！切记，“看着别扭”永远不能作为ISE中选择的理由，再别扭但不会改或不知道考点，就选E。

18、看这笔记的思路是：以代词为例子，一看到代词，脑袋里要弹出这么几个：主格宾格混用，单复数错误，one-you 混用，指代不清。以此类推，看到动词，看到副词，看到形容词要想到blabla。代词:/主格宾格混用（let we .）介词后宾格动词后面宾格/one-you 混用:/单复数错误（前面一个dogs 后面是it）等总之看到 I you he she her his they them their . 警惕/裸指指代不清/指示代词（this that these those)Prof. J doesnt see to care if students cheat, and this (indif

19、ferent) bothers me.动词 (包括have 及系动词)/单复数不统一（there are a line of trees）/包括倒装介词短语或ing或ed在前面或者only, never，there is a group of sudents eg amid the A and B was Tom./ every,each,neither.nor,either.or 就近原则/时空穿越./timeless不变时态 story,opinion,theory,用现在时/by the time/prior to/since /over last ten days/until/sinc

20、e then看到类似的注意时态（完成时）/有年份一般是过去式/eg： however(C), it has become(D) an English settlement by 1735.现在完成时不是过去影响现在神马的定义记忆： she has been so nice to me=she was nice to me+she still is nice to me/虚拟语气过去意淫现在if had done.would have doneIf I had did it, I would have been published现在意淫将来if were.would beIf I were y

21、ou I would go to dieI would be late if I were to miss the bus将来意淫将来 .If should be.would beIf there should be no air, there would be no living things缩写had I known=if I had knownwere they = if they werehad there been=if there had beenshould there be=if there should be祈使用原型require,request,suggest, comm

22、andI request that Jill (should) pick up the ball平行/比较/than 前后东西要平行 (Toms dog is better than me)动词可以省略，提前SY swims faster than LD.SY swims faster than LD does. SY swims faster than does LD. /排比 (His cleverness, kindness and being hardworking) /固定like/unlike. as.as（as.as用法as后面紧接形容词或副词eg: I havent known

23、 him as long as you. Shes as good an actress as she is a singer.）both and, either or, neither nor 要完整not onlybut also rather thanmore thanprefertoto do and (to) do (to可以省略）eg:the coach advised her players to eat a balanced dinner, to relax and enjoy(B) themselves(C), and they should get(D) plenty of

24、 rest. to do. is to do/Doing.is doingeg:To insist that a poem means whatever one(A) wants it(B) to mean is to ignore(C) the intention and even(D) the words of the poet. 只有中心词平行就好As(A) adults, male golden silk spiders live not(B) in webs of their own(C) making but rather in webs made by(D) female spi

25、ders. No error(E)形容词副词 ./比较重复 more better than / 两者间用最高级/形副混用This knife is clever designed.) /who-which-what混用/措辞2629题一般单个划线)eg/ambivalent ambiguousanecdote antidote unanimously anonymouslycompliments complementsprincipals principles inhabited inhibitedcite/site/sight allusion/illusion appraise/appr

26、isebreath/breathe conscience/conscious/conscientiousstationary/stationerycollaborate/corroboratedesirous & desirableauditory & audibleprospective & perspective imminent & eminent/idiom这个固定用法。看这：/修饰语乱跑eg11I found an antique store wandering in the Manhattan）eg2Mr. Hanson proudly(A) demonstrated his co

27、mpanys(B) latest cell phone, a model that flashes(C) the time in color-coded numerals when pressing a button(D).D. one presses a button/a button is pressedeg3 Tomato soup appeals to all age groups and can be made particularly delicious if adding sweet red peppers(B) delicious by the addition of B.eg

28、4When we were cleaning the garage, my sister and I found the old soccer ball in a dark corner we used to play with when we were young.D： in a dark corner the old soccer ball we used to play with when we were young. .技巧看看是不是强调句/被动看是不是用By The seven-month-old baby was considered precocious by her famil

29、y(A)/平时多读题干培养语感/做到偏后：关注固定用法和对称（my leg longer than his) 措词/need有两种实意动词：i dont need she doesns need*情态动词：i need not do 没有肯定句真题没错过 (like must not)/悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers) Doing/Done, SVO.Of/By/Unlike/Like, SVO. A/An, SVOAdj, SVO.While/When doing., SVO/run-on sentence/: A:一个句子连词比分句少一个（人拉手）/改正方法1 加“：“

30、”；2 加连词：FANBOYS(for and but or yet so;:)连词：although,because, where, if,until, while, as, since,.3 加副词和分号：however, moreover, therefore, also, then, 4 把其中一个动词改成分词修饰或介词短语修饰/不完整句子/常考从句有动词主句没有/in that = because/独立主格（它就是一个dangling，但修饰的不是主语）In winter, when the ponds froze over, the villagers went skating,

31、and the most venturesome of whom played chase and executed complicated turns on the ice. (D) 改成：with the most venturesome playing chase and executing2、The island of Madagascar, off the coast of Africa, is the habitat of more than 200, 000 species of plants and animals, many are not found anywhere el

32、se in the planet. (D) animals, many found nowhere D/找主句An odd friendship in certain respects, she being an out door enthusiast and he a dedicated book worm. (D) Theirs was an odd friendship*/动名词ing可以当主语（介词短语不能）Just by unplugging your cell phone charger when you are not using it reduces carbon dioxid

33、e pollution.(C) Just unplugging your C./关系从句/which只修饰名词（跟it 一样）/宾语从句which that可以省掉eg Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was a descendant of John and Priscilla Alden, whose romance he celebrated in the narrative poem “The Courtship of Miles Standish/whereby = by which*/since+time(since then, since 1909.)是介词，

34、不能连接两个句子eg Born of Ibuza parents in Nigeria, novelist Buchi Emecheta moved to England in 1962 , since then she has lived in North London. (B) in 1962 and has lived since then in North London/一般是Doing/Done, SVO. 当SVO, doing时，也是修饰主语，但表示伴随结果Sometimes the employer does not listen fully to suggestions of

35、 employee , making workers feel undervalued./精确表达/A I will make adjustment to the procedureB I will adjust the procedureA: There has been a decision for program terminationB: The director decided to terminate the program./Avoid Wordiness(1)Use a single word instead of a phrase (2)Use simpler modifie

36、rseg in addition to/ as well as(看到排除）/ and also用and,misc:They elected Nixon (as,to be) President/改进文章常错：/代词常指代上一句名词/时态一致/过渡词SAT语法2013年难题解析【声明】我的难题汇总不等于你的错题，仅仅是辅助检测作用，还要自己总结1. Because the garden wasuntended(A), the windowshad no(B)shutters, and the lawnoverrun(C)by weeds, peoplepassing by(D)the old h

37、ouse assumed that it was unoccupied.No error(E)(06.1-17)2.Only by tapping(A)their last reserves of energywere(B)the team members ableto salvage(B)what was beginning(D)to look like a lost cause.No error(E)(06.1-19)3. When Doris Lessing publishedThe Golden Notebookin 1962,it(A)instantly established(B)

38、herselfas one(C)of themost important(D)literally voices of her generation.No error(E)(06.1-20)4.It was(A)a Chinese American grower who finally succeededwith adapting(B)thenow familiar(C)orange treeto(D)the American climate. No error(E)(06.1-22) 5. Five years inthe writing(A), her new book isboth a r

39、esponse(B)to her critics mistrustwith (C)her earlier findings andan elaboration(D)of her original thesis.No error(E)(06.1-28) 6. Charles Dickens Great Expectations is a novelin which(A)the main character become soobsessed with(B)the idea of becoming(C) a gentlemanthat(D)his moral judgment is tempora

40、rily affected. No error(E)(06.5-13) 7.What(A)becomes apparentfrom assessing(B)scientific accomplishment is that only relatively recentlyhave(C)the necessary technologybeen developed for(D)solving the mysteries of genetics. No error(E)(06.5-19)8.Despite(A)its cultural importance, the Daily Gazettelos

41、t(B)70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and, by 1955, waslosing(C)as much as(D)$200,000 a year.No error(E)(06.1-29)9.Because(A)his experience in the naval medical corps had beenrewarding(B), Bobapplied(C)to medical school after hewas discharged(D)from the navy. No error(E)(06.5-20)10.Those who(

42、A)defend sequoia treesfrom(A)loggersjustified(C)doing so(D)on the grounds that such trees are irreplaceable.No error(E)(06.5-23)11. Africas Kanem Empire, afterenduring for(A)over a thousand years,is(B)believed to have falleninto decline(C)when trade centersshift(D)outside its boundaries.No error(E)(

43、06.5-25)12.Opposite to(A) most people I know, Annie, a good photographerherself(B), actuallyenjoys seeing(C)the photographs that her friends takeon their(D)vacations.No error(E)(06.5-26)Contrary to13. Not very particularin(A)nestingsites(B), house wrensmay nest(C)in birdhouse, mailboxes, building cr

44、eviceseven in the pocketsof(D)hanging laundry. No error(E)(06.5-28)about14.At(A)the receptionwere(B)thechattering(C)guests, the three-tiered cake, and the lively music that have becomecharacteristic of(D)many wedding celebrations.No error(E)(06.5-29)be characteristic of15.Among(A)the most dangerous

45、environment threats that we faceare(B)“compu-garbage”, the nonbiodegradable andoften toxic(C)waste resulting from the improperdisposal of (D)obsolete personal computers.No error (E)(07.10-21)16. At a timewhen(A)interest in twentieth century classical musicseems(B)on the vergeto disappear(C), the avant-garde compositions of the 1960s and 1970s man