On E-C Translation of American Presidential Inaugural Addresses美国总统就职演说词的汉译研究.doc

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1、i武汉轻工大学武汉轻工大学毕业论文毕业论文设计（论文）题目：设计（论文）题目：美国总统就职演说词的汉译研究美国总统就职演说词的汉译研究院院 （系（系） ： 外国语言文学系外国语言文学系专专业：业： 英英语语姓姓名：名：学学号：号： 111001107111001107指导教师指导教师: :20152015 年年 0606 月月 2 2 日日iiOn E-C Translation ofAmericanPresidential InauguralAddressesA A ThesisThesisSubmittedSubmitted in in PartialPartial Fulfillment

2、Fulfillment of of thethe RequirementsRequirementsForFor thethe B.A.B.A. DegreeDegree in in F Foreignoreign LanguageLanguage andand LiteratureLiterature. .ByUndergraduate ProgramSchool of English Language and LiteratureWuhan Polytechnic UniversitySupervisor:Academic Title:Associate ProfessorApprovedA

3、pril 4, 2015iiiContentsAbstract.i摘要摘要.iiAcknowledgements. iiiI. Introduction.11.1 The Domestic and Foreign Situation of Research.11.1.1 Domestic situation of research：.11.1.2 Foreign situation of research：.31.2 The Purpose and Significance of the Thesis.4II The Characteristics of the Presidential In

4、augural addresses.52.1 Lexical features.52.1.1 The use of big word.52.1.2 The use of pronoun.62.1.3 Nominalization.82.2 Semantic Features. 82.2.1 loose sentence.82.2.2 periodic sentence.9IIIAnalyses of Three PresidentsFirst Inaugural Addresses.93.1 Comments on the translation of president Kennedys f

5、irst inaugural addresses.93.2 Comments on the translation of president Nixons first inaugural addresses. 113.3 Comments on the translation of president Reagans inaugural addresses.123.4 The Problems existing in translation.133.4.1 Improper translation.133.4.2 Over-translation.143.4.3 Mis-translation

6、.14IV. The Translation Skills in American Presidential InauguralAddresses.154.1 Differences between Chinese and English.154.2 The phrases translation skills in American presidential inaugural addresses.154.2.1 Use the four-word phrases .154.2.2Addition.164.2.3 Conversion. 174.2.4 Commendation & Dero

7、gation.184.3 The sentences translation skills in American presidential inaugural addresses.194.3.1Affirmation and negation.194.3.2 Contraction.194.3.3 Division.204.3.4 Restructure. 20VIConclusion. 22Bibliography.23iAbstractIn American political life the presidential inaugural addresses,which are iss

8、ued tothe public by the newly elected president in his inaugural ceremony, are aninseparable part. Through the inaugural addresses, the newly selected presidentdemonstrates his fundamental political value orientation, particular principles andhow to play the role of being a good president. Since 197

9、2 , China has establisheddiplomatic relations with the United States, the two countries has made great progressin politics, economy and culture. To better promote the cooperation between the twocountries as well as to give the Chinese a comprehensive understanding of Americanpolitical life, thus it

10、is a tendency in todays society to make a research relating to theAmerican presidential inaugural addresses, it is benefit to both the English languagelearners improvement of oral communication competence and the cultivation ofChinese learners speech thinking. This thesis is composed of five chapter

11、s. Chapterone gives a brief introduction in terms of topic, research purpose and significance.Chapter two states the stylistic characteristics of the American inaugural addresses.Chapter three analyses Kennedys and Nixons and Reagans first inaugural addressesrespectively, finding some problems exist

12、ing in the translation. Chapter four is a keypart of the whole paper, does a research about translation skills of American presidentinaugural addresses from two different perspectives: language and culture. Chapterfive is the conclusion.Key Words:inaugural addresses;stylistic characteristics;transla

13、tion skillsii摘要摘要美国总统就职演说是美国政治生活的重要组成部分， 是新当选的总统在就职典礼上向公众发表的演说，通过演说，新总统说明其基本政治价值取向，特定原则，以及如何扮演好总统的角色。中国自 1972 年与美国建交以来，两国在政治，经济，文化等方面的发展日新月异，为了更好地促进两国之间的合作，也为了让中国人民对美国的政治生活有一个更全面的了解， 因此对美国总统就职演说词的翻译进行研究符合当今发展趋势，既有利于提高英语学习者口语交际能力，也有利于培养中国学者的演讲思维。本文共分为五章，第一章为引言，介绍本文的研究对象，研究意义。第二章从词汇,句子两个方面论述美国总统就职演说词的

14、文体特征。第三章对三篇就职演说的不同译本进行比较，并指出翻译中存在的不当之处。 第四章从语言差异和文化差异两个角度入手，对美国总统就职演说词从词到句的翻译技巧进行归纳和总结。第五章为结论。关键词：关键词：就职演说词文体特征翻译技巧iiiAcknowledgementsThis thesis concludes my university study for several years. I would like to thankall my teachers in the Foreign Languages and Literature Department of WuhanPolytechn

15、ic University; to whom I owe much of my knowledge in the Englishlanguage, linguistics, literature, and especially in the translation.Firstly and foremost, my heartfelt thanks go to my supervisor, Miss Jia, who hasled me into the field of translation studies by her systematic and effective expertguid

16、ance and has been extremely supportive throughout this research. Her guidancehas broadened my horizon in this realm, her profound learning has strengthened myinterest in translation studies and her enlightening advice and help have been soimportant in rendering the present research possible as well

17、as worthy of conducting.Most important of all, her patience and constant encouragement helped me dragthrough the numerous difficulties I have been confronted with in writing and revisingthis thesis.Secondly, I will thank Doc.Zhang, whose lectures arouse my interest intranslation. I benefited a lot f

18、rom his lessons. And I also have been inspired by hisscientific spirit.I am also obliged to my friends, classmates and roommates especially, who havebeen accompanying me and providing me with much help which will be rememberedin my whole life. I am also grateful to all those who have devoted much of

19、 theirprecious time to reading this thesis and offered me much beneficial advice.Last but not the least, my sincere gratitude for my parents love, support andcompanionship in my life, extends beyond words.1I. IntroductionAs we know, America is a leading country in todays world, its policy no mattert

20、oward domestic or abroad should be given more attention. However, Americanpresidential inaugural addresses are an important part of America political life, doinga research about these addresses is necessary for Chinese, especially about theChinese translation, which will give Chinese access to know

21、American politicaltendency as well as strengthen two countriesrelationship.1.1 The Domestic and Foreign Situation of Research1.1.1 Domestic situation of research：Professor Xu Zhenzhong published A Humble Opinion about English Speech in1990, in this article, firstly he comprehensively summarized the

22、variety category ofspeech as well as advantages and disadvantages of speech, which come from variousschools in different western countries. Then he used ample examples of real speech tocome to a conclusion that the formal style derived from written style and the informalstyle derived from spoken lan

23、guage style, the field and tenor that an orator used in hisspeech determined that speech is a spoken language and it is used to make oralpresentations at the meeting or at a mass rally. However, the speech is usuallyprepared in advance, from the mode it used, the spoken language is a non-naturallang

24、uage for it is possessed with the figures of written style.In 1995, professor Xu published an article named the Religious Colors of EnglishPolitical Speech. In this passage ,the author summarized the concrete embodiment ofreligious colors in every presidents inaugural addresses as three types: the f

25、irst one,before the beginning of the speech thanks for Gods gift which has been bestowedalready and at the end of the speech prays God to bless his country unceasingly, thusthe echo between beginning and ending is formed. The second one, directly quotedfrom Bible to make an explanation for the presi

26、dents points of view and course of2policy. The third one, from the perspective of religious preaching. In general thispassage has made great help for the translator to translate American presidentialinaugural addresses and the reader to understand it, in addition,the other westernleaders religious c

27、olors in inaugural addresses has also been involved at the end ofpassage, which made the article more comprehensive as well as more persuasive. Butthe passage didnt refer to the reasons why religious colors were formed in inauguraladdresses, which would make the reader who lack related background pu

28、zzled.Through the comparison of different translation version of American presidentialinaugural addresses, professor Wang Xin found some faults in Chinese-Englishtranslation version and he pointed out the difficulties that text translation practice andtranslation version analysis have faced, first,

29、there existed no specific text thatcorresponds the inaugural addresses, a special text. Second ,from the perspective ofphonetics, lexis and grammatical structures, Chinese language and English languageembodied different style feature. Of course, the reasons of making the translationinappropriate are

30、 different, but the most highlighted reason is the differences incultural backgrounds, lexis, grammar as well as rhetorical skills, among these reasons ,professor Wang gave a deep analysis about lexis that respectively from three aspects,semantic, rhetorical color and logic of correlatives.Professor

31、 Wangs discussion wasof strong pragmatism, but the deficiencies were that he didnt come up with a methodto revise after pointing out the existing problems.During the period of professor Luo Yis research about the genres of Americanpresidential inaugural addresses, the research objective has been ext

32、ended from 1789to 2001, this important break-through made amends of pre-articles, whose researchrange was narrow, so it has a great improvement in terms of research significance,research range as well as research accuracy. Before Luo Yi, there were fewerpassages or articles that made a diachronic re

33、search about American presidentialinaugural addresses through comparison, but Luo Yis passage made up this gapthrough the exploration of language style and language variety of AmericanPresidential inaugural addresses. At the beginning of his article, Luo Yi offered threehypothesis: 1, The selection

34、of a speech is determined by the specific language3context, it has the characteristics of both oral and written English. 2, For specificpurposes in specific occasion, speech is different from daily dialogue in terms of itslanguage organization and means of expression. 3, From 1789 to 2001,the Americ

35、anpresidential inaugural address has stride over more than two hundred years andcoupled with the social progress and economic development, the language itselfwould change accordingly.1.1.2 Foreign situation of research：TheforeignresearchaboutAmericanpresidentialinauguraladdressesemphasized on stylis

36、tic features. George.A. Kennedy adopted a method nameddiscourse analysis to do a research about communicative goals and introducedstructure and rhetoric to the construction of inaugural addresses genres, he providedsome clues about inaugural addresses research by the way of combining genresanalysis

37、with analysis of inaugural addresses, but in order to analyze efficiently aboutinaugural addresses at specific occasion or backgrounds, it is necessary to expand therange of research rather than restrict to the analysis of genres. In New History ofClassical Rhetoric(1994) , George. A. Kennedy made a

38、 research about thearrangement of rhetoric and pointed out that introduction and narration were bestsuitable for speech, for each of them has its own functions and features.In 1999, in the public speaking; strategies for success, David Zarefsky pointedout that speech was an art not a discipline and

39、what made a speech excellent was notbecause it followed certain rules but because it can cope with specific situationefficiently, thus,David Zarefskys research still paid more attention to discourse, heheld that a public speech is a process of making a choice by highlighting the word“strategy”. This

40、 book took examples of American presidents inaugural addresses,such as president Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Kennedy as well as Reagan toillustrate that the strategy of speech is just a choice. Reading through the whole book,it was easy to find that the author laid stress on listener-orientation

41、 and adaptation ofsituation rationally. Using the real examples to testify theory and using theory to4perfect real examples are the major features of this book. Stylometry consists of lexis,sentences, rhetoric and discourse, however ,this book only emphasized the influenceof situation on discourse w

42、ithout involving in other aspects. In Chinese , speech iscategorized into argumentation, which belongs to applied writing. However, inEnglish, there still exists dispute about the category of speech. The Britain scholarDavid Crystal and Derek Davy, in their collaborated work, Investigating EnglishSt

43、yle , divided English variety into five aspects: the language of religion, the languageof legal documents, the language of conversation, the language of newspaperreporting and the language of unscripted commentary and they considered presidentialinaugural addresses as the last category,the language

44、of unscripted commentary,forthe reasons that in their opinion, speech is possessed with features of spoken languageand it is a completely colloquial form, but actually it is not the whole story , as we allknow, speech is delivered to the listeners by the oral form, but not all speeches are theorator

45、s impromptu utterance, most parts of the speeches, especially political speechare prepared carefully in advance by the orator before formal speech. Up to now, thefifty-six American presidents inaugural addresses are previously prepared in writtenform, so when categorizing the speeches,the book Inves

46、tigating English Style ignoredthat speech also possessed the features of written form,which was the deficiency ofthis book.1.2 The Purpose and Significance of the ThesisWith the development of technology, our society makes a pace towards moredemocratic, more scientific and more liberal. The right of

47、 speech gradually gainedmore and more attention, as the manuscript delivered at the important occasion ormass rally-the speech, which plays an important role in political life of the public.Take the America presidential inaugural addresses as an example, it not just focuseson some certain public fig

48、ures but it is related to every American citizen. Being anepitome of the United States, it covers all the aspects of American social life. Americais the biggest powerful country in todays world, it will make influences on othercountries more or less as there exist any movement, thus it is easy for u

49、s to make a5comprehensive understanding of America, especially its foreign policy if we do adeep research about the translation of American presidential inaugural addresses.China is the biggest developing country in the world and its development withAmerica is inseparable, so as a Chinese, to make t

50、he relations between the twocountries develop smoothly, having an acquaintance with American history, politicsas well as economic background is necessary. However the presidential inauguraladdresses reflect the social ideology and all aspects of political life at a specifichistorical situation, so d