世界历史(英文).docx

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1、French history from 1796 to 1940Map of French Empire at its HeightNapolon 1769 - 1795Napolon 1769 - 1795Napolon 1795 - 1804Napolon 1804 - 1814Napolon 1814 - 1821The 1st Republic 1792-1804 The National Convention of the French Revolution Sept 1792-1795 (Fall of Robspierre on July 27, 1794; end of the

2、 reign of terror) The Directory 1795-1799 (5 Directors.? Coup dEtat by Napolon Bonaparte on Nov. 9, 1799) The First Consul 1799-1804 (Napolon Bonaparte seized power and was made Consul for life in 1802)The 1st Empire 1804-1814?Brief:1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte, returning from Egypt, via Frjus, seized

3、power in a coup dtat on 18 Brumaire day (by the new French calendar),and headed the new Consulat.He created a new army, using able-bodied Frenchmen rather than the upperclass and nobility.He began his bid for power, eventually controlling most of western Europe (except Britain and Portugal).1812 - N

4、apoleon was bogged down in snows of the Russian winter.1814, April - Defeated by an overwhelming force of Austrian, English, Prussian and Swedish troops, Napoleon was exiled to Elba, embarking at Frjus.1815 - Napoleon escaped from Elba and set out on the Route Napolon to recover the world he had los

5、t.1815 (18 June) - He fought his final battle at Waterloo, against Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington, and was exiled to Saint Helena off the coast of Africa.1821 - Napoleon died in exile, but is remembered for his gloriesThe Restoration of the Bourbons 1814-1848 Louis XVIII 1814-1824 (B

6、rother of Louis XVI; Napoleon was exiled to Elbe) Charles X 1824-1830 (Brother of Louis XVI and XVIII;? Was deposed by the July, 1830 Revolution) Louis-Philippe I, the Citizen King 1830-1848 (Son of Philippe dOrlans; abdicated Feb. 24, 1848)The 2nd Republic 1848-1852 Louis Napolon Bonaparte 1848-185

7、2 (Nephew of Napolon I; Elected president Dec. 10, 1848; Accomplished a coup dEtat Dec. 2, 1851)The 2nd Empire 1852-1870 Napolon III 1852-1870 (Louis Napolon Bonaparte, Emperor, Eugenie de Montijo, Empress; Made Emperor on Dec. 2, 1852; Capitulated at Sedan on Sept. 1, 1870; fell Sept. 4, 1870; Thei

8、r son, Prince Imperial 1856-1879 died in Zulu War; Eugenie died in 1920)The 3rd Republic 1870-1940 Adolphe Thiers Sep 1870 to Feb. 1871 (Gov. of Natl. Defense); During the Franco-Prussian War which was won by Germany in 1871; The Paris Commune and the Manifesto of March 18, 18711871-1873 (First elec

9、ted Pres. by the National Assembly on Feb. 17, 1871; Put out of office on May 24, 1873; Elected president by the people , May 1871) Marchal Patrice de MacMahon 1873-1879 Jules Grvy?1879-1887 (Reelected in Dec. 1885; stepped down, after the Wilson affair, Dec. 1, 1887)o Statute of Liberty 1885 Sadi C

10、arnot 1887-1894 (Assassinated in Lyon on June 24, 1894)o Eiffel Tower 1889 Jean Casimir-Perier 1894-1895 (Forced to resign on Jan. 15, 1895) Flix Faure?1895-1899 (Died on Feb 16, 1899; Best known for the Affaire Dreyfus) mile Loubet 1899-1906 (Separation of the church and the state, 1905) Armand Fal

11、lires 1906-1913 Raymond Poincar?1913-1920 (1914-1918, the war of 14 (WWI); France won; Clemenceau was president of the council from 1917 to 1920) Paul Deschanel 1920 (Elected in Jan., stepped down in Sept. because of health) Alexandre Millerand 1920-1924 (Hostile to the cartel of the left; had to step down in June, 1924) Gaston Doumergue 1924-1931 Paul Doumer 1931-1932 (Assassinated May 6, 1932) Albert Lebrun 1932-1940 (1939-1940 Germany conquered? France; Lebrum reelected in April, 1939; Resigned and was replaced by Marshal Ptain in July, 1940)