中国农业科学院2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（附答案解析）.doc

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1、绝密中国农业科学院2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(考试时间3小时满分100分).VocabularyPartA.Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.1.Thesceneissobeautifulthatitmypowero

2、fdescription.A.transportsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms2.Theschoolmasterthegirlsbraveryinhisopeningspeech.A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped3.Themeaningof“yellow”isacolor,butitcanalsomean“cowardly.”A.positiveB.negativeC.underlyingD.literal4.Manypeoplethinkthatthestandardsofpublichavedecli

3、ned.A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality5.Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilitytoeverythinghewasinvolvedin.A.precedeB.dominateC.pervadeD.denominate6.Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent.A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut7.Thismedicinewillthepai

4、ninthestomach.A.ascertainB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate8.Theapartmentwasas$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.A.automatedB.assessedCassertedD.avenged9.Theministerallhisofficialspaythetax.A.bidsB.blessesC.barksD.baffles10.Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehiscanbedistributed.A.paradoxesB.legacies

5、C.platitudesD.analogiesPartB.Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentencesthereisonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.11.Touristsflockfr

6、omtheremotestplacestoseethecapitalssights.A.invadeB.troopC.promptD.gather12.Hehastoldsomanyliesthatwecannolongerplaceanyrelianceonwhathesays.A.beliefB.trustC.convictionD.dependence.13.Oilcanchangeasocietymoredrasticallythananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.A.grosslyB.severelyC.rapidlyD.radically14.Intimes

7、ofeconomicdifficulty,governmentalbudgetsforeducationareoftenslashedbeforeanyothers.A.shiftedB.cutC.checkedD.donated15.Modernprintingequipmentquicklyturnsoutduplicatecopiesoftextualandpictorialmatter.A.identicalB.doubleC.illustratedD.legible16.Withheryoungestchildhavinglefthome,shefeltapressingneedto

8、fillhertime.A.tenseB.thoroughC.urgentD.small17.Theroleoftheperformingartististointerpret,notalter,thenotesonaprintedsheetofmusic.A.omitB.reproduceC.composeD.change.18.Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.A.diffus

9、ionB.remainsC.glittertransfer19.Althoughwornoutbyyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.A.favoredB.honoredC.exhaustedD.weakened20.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathofl

10、ife.A.coexistenceB.coincidenceC.correlationD.compatibility.ClozeDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentw

11、aysthroughouthistory.(21)evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputi

12、nprisonduringthatcentury(24)stealingsalt.Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtake

13、nfromminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush”.Yet,(29)itisobtained,saltwillcontinuetoplayanimportant(30)inthelivesofmenandwomeneverywhere.21.A.AncientB.HistoricC.His

14、toricalD.Old22.A.saltB.saltedC.saltingD.salty23.A.arrestedB.caughtC.gotD.seized24.A.asB.byC.forD.through25.A.besidesB.beyondC.exceptD.over26.A.bearingB.developingC.growingD.training27.A.fastenB.fixC.preserveD.tie28.A.littleB.manyC.muchD.more29.A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever30.A.dutyB.functi

15、onC.responsibilityD.role.ReadingComprehensionPartA.Directions:Therearethreereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOne(1)Poultryfarmersneedtoadoptstricthygienestandards

16、tocurbAsiasdeadlybirdfluvirus,atopVietnameseofficialsaidontheeveofaninternationalconferenceWednesdayonfightingthedisease.(2)AdozenVietnamesehavediedofbirdflusinceDec.30,raisingconcernsthatthediseasecouldbere-emergingafteranoutbreaklastyearspreadto10Asiancountries,forcingtheslaughterofmorethan100mill

17、ionbirds.(3)“Itsdifficulttochangetheirhabitbutweneedtoeducatethem,BuiQuangAnh,headoftheDepartmentforAnimalHealth,saidTuesday.Oncetheyunderstandandfollowalltheinstructions,wecanpreventthevirusfromspreading.”(4)Bigcommercialfarmslearnedfromthefirstoutbreakandappliedpreventivemeasures,suchasstricthygie

18、nestandardsandregulardisinfection,Anhsaid.Themostrecentoutbreakwasonlyreportedinsmallfarms,whichfailedtoapplypreventivemeasures,hesaid.(5)Newregulationsshouldincludeseparatingducksfromchickens,requiringduckstoberaisedincagesandimprovinghygienemeasures,Anhsaid.Ducksshouldnotroamfreelyinricefieldsasth

19、eydonowinthesouthernMekongDelta,headded.(6)Theconferencewillbelookingatavarietyofissues,includingmassvaccinations,fluresearch,farmhygiene,animalhusbandrypracticesandimprovingcoordinationbetweenanimalhealthandhumanhealthagencies.(7)Thevirus,whichinthelastyearhaskilled46peopleincluding32fromVietnamand

20、12fromThailandhasyettomutateintoaformthatcanbetransmittedbetweenhumans.Butscientistssayitmaymutatetoahumanformthatcouldbecomeasdeadlyastheonesthatkilledmillionsduringthreeinfluenzapandemicsofthe20thcentury.31.ThesubjectoftheinternationalconferencementionedinthefirstparagraphisaboutA.battlingtheSARSB

21、.epidemicdiseasecontrolC.fightingtheavianfluD.publichealth32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.BirdfluwasfirstfoundinVietnam.B.Bigcommercialfarmshavetakenpreventivemeasurestocurbbirdflu.C.BuiQuangAnhbelievesthatitisimpossibletopreventthebirdflu.D.1,000birdswerekilledduringth

22、elastyearoutbreakofbirdflu.33.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmeasuresareNOTeffectiveinfightingagainstthebirdflu?A.toadoptstricthygienestandardsinpoultryfarms.B.tocarryoutregulardisinfectionC.toraiseducksandchickensseparatelyD.tostoppoultrytrade34.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatA.current

23、lythebirdfluviruscannotbetransmittedbetweenhumansB.thebirdfluvirusiseasytomutate.C.thebirdfluhaskilledmillionsofpeopleD.thebirdfluismoredeadlythancommoninfluenza.35.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.A.BirdFlu:ADeadlyDiseaseB.WhatCanWeLearnfromtheBirdFluC.Vietnam:theBiggestVictimoftheBirdFluD.OfficialUrges

24、FarmerstoCurbBirdFluPassageTwo(1)Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperh

25、apsmostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.Accordingly,evenbeforethemissionarymovementreallygotunderwayinthemid-nineteenthcentury,itwasalreadyatadisadvantage.After1860,asmissionaryactiv

26、ityinthehinterlandexpanded,itquicklybecameapparentthatinadditiontotheintangibles,numeroustangiblegroundsforChinesehostilityabounded.(2)Inpart,theverypresenceofthemissionaryevokedattack,theywere,afterall,thefirstforeignerstoleavethetreatyportsandventureintotheinterior,andforalongtimetheywerevirtually

27、theonlyforeignerswhosequotidianlaborscarriedthemtothefarthestreachestheChineseempire.Formanyoftheindigenouspopulation,therefore,themissionarystoodasauniquelyvisiblesymbolagainstwhichoppositiontoforeignintrusioncouldevented.Inparttoo,themissionarywasattackedbecausethemannerinwhichhemadehispresencefel

28、tafter1860seemedalmostcalculatedtooffend.ByindignantlywagingbattleagainstthenotionthatChinawasthesolefountainheadofcivilizationand,moreparticularly,byhisassaultonmanyfacetsofChineseculture,themissionarydirectlyunderminedtheculturalhegemonyofthegentryclass.Also,incountlessways,heposedathreattothegent

29、rystraditionalmonopolyofsocialleadership.Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgav

30、ethemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.(3)AlthoughitwastheavowedpolicyoftheChinesegovernmentafter1860thatthenewtreatiesweretobestrictlyadheredto,inpracticeimplementationdependedonthewholeheartedaccordprovincialauthorities.Thereisabundantevidencethatcooperationwasdilatory

31、.Attherootofthislaytheinteractivenatureofrulerandruled.(4)Inaseverelyunderstaffedbureaucracythatruledasmuchbysuasionasbymight,theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionar

32、yactivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.36.Inavagueway,anti-Christianfeelingstemmedfrom.A.themerepresenceofinvadersB.ageneralizedunfocusedfeelingC.theintroductiontotheWestD.noneoftheabove37.Theauthorwouldagreethat.A.manyproblemsin

33、ChinacamefrominternaldisordersduetoWesterninfluence.B.manyproblemsinChinacamefromChinaitselfandwereunrelatedtotheWestC.scapegoatsperformanecessaryfunctionandthereshouldbemoreofthemD.alloftheabovearetrue.38.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?A.Ethnocentricismisamanlytradition.B.Thed

34、isdaintowardChristianitywasprefiguredbyadisdaintowardBuddhism.C.AlthoughChristianitywasnotwellreceivedinChina,Buddhismwas.D.TheauthorwouldagreewithAandC.39.Missionaries.A.oftendressedthesamewayasChinesescholarsdidB.werefreeofthelegalconstraintsthatboundthelocalindigenouspopulationC.hadgreateraccesst

35、oauthoritythanChinesepeasantsD.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove40.Provincialauthorities.A.cooperatedfullywiththecentralgovernmentspolicyB.werealivetolocalfeelingsC.wereobligedtodeterminewhetherlocalsentimenttoleratedimplementationD.maybedescribedbyBandC.PassageThree(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,

36、alwaysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemay ignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusing

37、resourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmitted

38、lymoreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andrecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ing