低品位滑石加工及其对聚丙烯力学性能影响的研究毕业论文.docx
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1、低品位滑石加工及其对聚丙烯力学性能影响的研究Low grade talc processing and the research of its effect on mechanical properties of polypropylene摘 要滑石是储量巨大的非金属矿物资源,常作为填料使用,添加到塑料中可以有效增加尺寸稳定性、增加材料的刚度、提高材料的耐热性,同时也能降低材料成本。但其自身为层状结构,添加到塑料中可导致聚合物密度增加、光泽度下降,使用不好会导致冲击韧性下降。由于滑石资源在全世界分布较广,各国储量较大并且广泛应用于造纸、塑料、农业、医学等诸多领域,使它的开发与利用得到较多研究,
2、因此对滑石的应用性探究具有重要的科学意义和指导意义。本文主要采用湿法工艺对豫西南低品位滑石矿进行加工改性和应用性探索,得到了滑石超细粉碎-表面改性一体化新工艺。在工艺中,选用SMA-0.75型篮式研磨机和磨矿介质为2mm的氧化锆球、磨机转速为1000r/min、入磨物料粒度为600目、球料比为33:5、磨矿浓度为8.33%等参数,对滑石进行改性,得到了最佳改性剂为钛酸酯偶联剂HY13C、最佳改性时间为3h、改性剂最佳添加量为滑石原矿质量的5%等实验条件,并利用红外光谱和热重分析技术,得到了钛酸酯偶联剂改性滑石的机理是化学键合作用。利用湿法超细粉碎-表面改性一体化工艺,大大简化了实验流程,节约了
3、实验成本,同时得到了活化指数为89.11%、接触角为128.5、d(0.5)为6.192um的超细改性滑石粉,其建材白度和陶瓷白度分别达到了77.83和78.04。将经过湿法超细粉碎-表面改性的滑石粉以最佳添加量10%添加到聚丙烯中,滑石PP聚合物与纯PP相比,拉伸强度达到33.92MPa,提高了29.86%;最大应力伸长率达到5.14%;弯曲强度达到53MPa,提高了22.43%;缺口冲击强度达到4.53KJ/,提高了42%;无缺口冲击强度达到了60.9KJ/,提高了59%。为了进一步扩大实验规模,更好的使滑石资源应用于市场,本文采用了干法超细粉碎-表面改性一体化工艺,对豫西南低品位滑石进行
4、加工。在流化床气流粉碎机中,工艺参数分别设为30HZ、60HZ和90HZ,d(0.5)可达到7.573um、3.594um和2.531um。以60HZ工艺参数下的超细滑石粉为原料,在高速混合机中进行改性实验,钛酸酯偶联剂HY13C添加量为1.5%时,滑石粉的活化指数可达到85.35%,硬脂酸添加量为1.5%时,活化指数可达到93.21%。为进一步简化干法工艺,探索最佳工艺流程,在流化床气流粉碎机中,对滑石进行超细粉碎-表面改性一体化实验,取硬脂酸为改性剂,添加量1.5%,工艺参数分别设为30HZ、60HZ和90HZ,滑石的活化指数分别达到了80.43%、90.19%和91.21%。将干法改性后
5、的滑石样品以添加量10%,添加到聚丙烯树脂中,在拉伸性能方面,经钛酸酯偶联剂HY13C改性后的滑石样品作用效果最好,可达到34.83MPa,与纯PP相比,提高了13.01%;在弯曲性能方面,未改性的超细滑石样品作用效果最好,可达到45.82MPa,与纯PP相比,提高了42.92%;在冲击性能方面,经钛酸酯偶联剂HY13C改性后的样品作用效果最好,无缺口冲击强度可达到75.07KJ/,与纯PP相比,提高了15.53%。本文的湿法工艺可为实验室研究工作,提供参考,干法工艺可为滑石等同类资源的开发和利用的提供一定的技术支撑。关键词:滑石 钛酸酯 聚丙烯 改性 超细粉碎AbstractTalc is
6、a non-metallic mineral resource with huge reserves, often used as filler. Adding it to the plastic can effectively increase the dimensional stability and the stiffness of the material, improve the thermal property of materials, and also can reduce the cost of materials. However, because of its layer
7、ed structure, adding talc to the plastic could lead to the increase of the polymer density and the reduction of gloss. When misused, it could cause the reduction of impact toughness. Because the talc resource has a wide distribution in the world, and countries have large reserves, so it is widely us
8、ed in paper-making, plastics, agriculture, medicine, and many other fields, which makes its development and utilization get more researches. Therefore, exploring the application of talc has important scientific and guiding significance.In this paper, the author mainly adopts the wet process to explo
9、re the processing modification and the application of the low grade talc ore in southwestern Henan Province and obtained a new technology, which comes together the talc ultra-fine crushing and surface modification. In the technology, we select some parameters such as the SMA - 0.75 basket grinder, 2
10、mm zirconia grinding media, 1000 r/min rotating speed, 600 mesh feeding size, 33:5 ball percentage, 8.33% grinding concentration, to modify the property of talc. And we obtained some experimental conditions: the best modifier is titanate coupling agent HY13C, the best modification time is 3 h, and t
11、he best adding amount of the modifier is 5% of talc ore quality. Under these experimental conditions, and using infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis technology, we find the mechanism of modifying the talc by titanate coupling agent is chemical bonds joint. Using wet processing ultra
12、-fine crushing and surface modification integration technology, we greatly simplified the experimental process and saved the experiment cost. At the same time, we got the superfine modified talcum powder, whose activation index was 89.11%, contact Angle 128.5 , d (0.5) 6.192 um, white degree of buil
13、ding materials and ceramic respectively reached 77.83 and 78.04. Adding the modified talcum powder with the best adding quantity of 10% into the polypropylene, compared with pure PP, talc PP polymers tensile strength reached 33.92 MPa, increased by 29.86%; Maximum stress elongation reached 5.14%; Be
14、nding strength reached 53 MPa, increased by 22.43%; Notched impact strength reached 4.53 KJ / , increased by 42%; Non-notched impact strength reached 60.9 KJ / , increased by 59%.In order to further expand the experiment scale, and make talc resources be better applied in the market, this paper adop
15、ts the dry processing superfine crushing and surface modification integration technology, to process the low grade talc in southwestern Henan Province. In the fluidized bed jet mill, the technology parameters were 30 Hertz, 60 Hertz and 90 Hertz, d (0.5) could reach to 7.573 um, 3.594 um and 2.531 u
16、m. Using ultra-fine talcum powder with the parameter at 60 Hertz as raw material, we did the modification experiments in the high speed mixer. When the adding amount of titanate coupling agent HY13C was 1.5%, the activation index of the talcum powder could reach 85.35%; when the adding amount of ste
17、aric acid was 1.5%, the activation index could reach 93.21%. To further simplify the dry process and explore the best technological process, we did the talc superfine crushing and surface modification integration experiment in the fluidized bed jet mill. We used stearic acid as modifier, whose addin
18、g quantity was 1.5%, set the process parameters at 30 Hertz, 60 Hertz and 90 Hertz. Consequently, the activation index of talc respectively reached 80.43%, 90.19% and 91.21% .Adding the modified talc samples with the adding quantity of 10% into the polypropylene resin, in terms of tensile properties
19、, talc samples modified by the titanate coupling agent HY13C was the best, reaching 34.83 MPa; Compared with the pure PP, it increased by 13.01%. In terms of bending properties, unmodified ultra-fine talc samples was best, reaching 45.82 MPa; Compared with the pure PP, it increased by 42.92%. In ter
20、ms of impact performance, talc samples modified by the titanate coupling agent HY13C was best, non-notched impact strength could reach 75.07 KJ / , compared with the pure PP, it increased by 15.53%.The wet process could provide reference for laboratory research work; the dry process could offer a ce
21、rtain technical support for the development and utilization of talc and some other similar resources.Key Words: talc titanate polypropylene modification ultra-fine crushing目 录1绪论1.1简介1.1.1滑石简介滑石是一种热液蚀变矿物,别称液石、脱石、冷石、番石、共石,属层状硅酸盐,也是一种含水硅酸镁矿物,化学分子式为Mg3Si4O10(OH)2,以氧化物形式表示为3MgO4SiO2H2O,滑石矿物的理论组成MgO为31.7
22、2%,SiO2为63.12%,H2O为4.76%,具有良好的电绝缘性、耐热性、化学稳定性、润滑性、吸油性、遮盖力及其机械加工性能,滑石的晶系类型为三斜晶系,硬度为1,比重约为2.6-2.8,光轴角在10以内,一般呈现出块状、叶片状、纤维状或放射状,质地非常软并且具有滑腻的手感,常因其他杂质而带有各种颜色,颜色常为白色。1.1.2聚丙烯简介聚丙烯是由丙烯聚合而制得的一种热塑性树脂,按甲基排列位置分为等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯三种,通常为半透明无色固体,无臭无毒无味的乳白色高结晶的聚合物,熔点在164170,极难溶于水,密度为0.900.91g/cm,化学式为(C3H6)n,分子量约8W1
23、5W;聚丙烯的结晶度高,结构规整,具有优良的力学性能,拉伸强度可达到30MPa或稍高的水平,熔体质量流动速率(MFR)通常在1100,相比于同等MFR材料而言,共聚型的抗冲强度由于均聚型。由于自身结晶,聚丙烯的收缩率相当高,一般为1.62.0%。同时,聚丙烯的化学稳定性也非常好,除了能被浓硫酸、浓硝酸侵蚀外,对其他各种化学试剂都比较稳定。1.2滑石资源分布1.2.1国内外滑石资源分布概况世界上的滑石储量初步统计大约为9亿吨左右,根据美国地质调查局和中国国土资源部发布的资料,世界的滑石类(包括叶蜡石)矿床分布在40多个国家和地区,主要有美国、巴西、中国、法国、芬兰和俄罗斯等国家,另外韩国和日本等
24、国家和地区也有滑石矿床分布,但以叶蜡石为主。世界的滑石资源矿产产量和储量见表1-1。表1-1主要国家滑石类矿产产量和储量Tab.1-1 The majoy counties talc mineral reserves and production国家或地区产量(万吨)储量(万吨)2011年2012年2012年美国(不包括叶蜡石)626214000巴西666623000中国22022023000芬兰5050法国4242印度65667500日本374810000韩国71531400其他1571601.2.2我国滑石矿地质类型与分布据初步统计,全国滑石矿床达43个,其中大型矿床(大于500万吨)8个
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