基于单片机技术的数字电压表-毕业论文外文翻译.doc

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1、Digital voltage meter Based on single-chip technology Single chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most wil

2、l have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chip. Also kno

3、wn as single-chip microprocessor, first because it was used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, mor

4、e easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways. At present, single-chip to infiltrate all areas of

5、our lives, which is very difficult to find the area of almost no traces of single-chip microcomputer. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft control on a variety of instruments, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processin

6、g, are widely used in a variety of smart IC card, limousine civilian security systems, video recorders, cameras, the control of automatic washing machines, as well as program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the single-chip microcomputer. Not to mention the field of

7、robot automation, intelligent instrumentation, medical equipment has been. Throughout the development process of single-chip, you can indicate the development trend of single-chip, generally are: 1. Of low-power CMOS MCS-51 series of 8031 introduced the power consumption of 630mW, and now widespread

8、 in the single-chip 100mW or so, with the growing demand for low-power single-chip, and now all the basic single-chip manufacturers are use of CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor process). As the 80C51 on the use of HMOS (high density metal oxide semiconductor process) and CHMOS (high-dens

9、ity complementary metal oxide semiconductor process). Although the CMOS low powerconsumption, but because of its physical characteristics to determine its speed is not high enough, and then CHMOS with high-speed and low power consumption characteristics of these features, it is more suitable in low

10、power consumption, as battery-powered applications . Therefore, the process for some time to come will be the main way to develop single-chip microcomputer. 2.Singal-chip of micro-chip Now generally in conventional single-chip will be the central processing unit (CPU), random access data storage (RA

11、M), read-only program memory (ROM), parallel and serial communication interface, system interruption, timing circuits, integrated circuit clock in a single chip, enhanced single-chip integration, such as A / D converter, PMW (pulse width modulation circuit), WDT (watchdog), and some will be single-c

12、hip LCD (LCD) driver integrated circuits are in a single chip, this unit includes single-chip circuits on more and more powerful features. Even single-chip manufacturers can also be tailored in accordance with the requirements of users, to create a single chip with its own chip characteristics. 3. M

13、ainstream and multi-species coexistence Although a wide variety of single-chip, unique, but still single-chip microcomputer 80C51 prevailing at the core, compatible with its structure and command system of PHILIPS products, ATMEL companys products and China Taiwans 西安邮电大学本科毕业论文Winbond Series single-

14、chip machine. Therefore, single-chip microcomputer as the core C8051 occupied the half. Microchips PIC and reduced instruction set (RISC) has a strong development momentum of China Taiwan HOLTEK single-chip companies in recent years, increasing production, with its high quality low-cost advantages,

15、to occupy a certain market share. MOTOROLA addition to the companys products, several large companies in Japans exclusive single-chip microcomputer. A certain period of time, this situation will continue to be upheld, there will not be a single-chip monopoly domination, taking the complementary inte

16、rdependence, complementarity and common development. AT89C51 is a flicker with 4K bytes EEPROM-programmable low-voltage, high-performance digital microprocessors CMOS8, commonly known as single-chip microcomputer. AT89C2051 is a flicker with 2K bytes EEPROM programmable microcontroller. MCU EEPROM e

17、rasure can be repeated 100 times. The device ATMEL manufacture high-density nonvolatile memory technology with industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin compatible output. Owing to the multi-purpose 8-bit CPU and flash memory chips in a single portfolio, ATMELs AT89C51 microcontroller is a hi

18、ghly efficient, AT89C2051 is a streamlined version of it. AT89C single-chip embedded control system for many provides a flexible and inexpensive program. AT89C51 performance : 1. And MCS-51 compatible 2.4K bytes of programmable Flash Memory 3. Life expectancy: 1000 write / wipe cycle 4. Data retenti

19、on time: 10 years 5. Static work of the whole: 0Hz-24MHz 6. Three-level Program Memory Lock 7.128 8-bit internal RAM 8.32 Programmable I / O lines 9. Two 16-bit timer / counter 10.5 Interrupt Sources 11. Programmable Serial Channel 12. Low-power idle and power-down mode 13. Chip oscillator and clock

20、 circuitry Referred to as digital voltage meter DVM, it is a digital measurement technology, the continuous analog (DC input voltage) into a non-continuous, discrete digital form and the instrument display. The characteristics of digital voltage meter： 1. Show a clear intuitive, accurate readings Tr

21、aditional analogue instruments through the use of indicators must be carried out and dial readings in the reading process will be introduced to the inevitable human error. Digital voltage meter is the use of advanced digital display technology, so that the measurement results at a glance, as long as

22、 the meter jump phenomenon does not occur, the measurement results is unique. 2. Show that the median Show that the median is usually 31 / 2, 32 / 3, 33 / 4 / spaces, 41 / 2, 43 / 4, 51 / 2, 61 / 2, 71 / 2, 81 / 2 A total of 9. Determine the median number of instruments there are two principles:1. c

23、an display all the numbers 0 to 9 are the integer-bit; Score-bit numerical value is based on the largest show the highest number of elements, with the highest number of full-scale as the denominator . 3. High accuracyAccuracy of results is a measure of systematic error and random error of the integr

24、ated. 4. High resolution Digital voltage meter at the lowest voltage range on the bottom of a character represented by the voltage value, known as the instrument of the resolution, which reflects the level of instrument sensitivity. With the display resolution increases the median. Resolution refers

25、 to the smallest can be shown in the figures (except zero) and the largest percentage of the number. For example, 31 / 2 DVM of a resolution of 1 / 1999 0.05%. Be noted that the resolution and accuracy are two different concepts. From the measurement point of view, the resolution is true indicators

26、(with measurement error has nothing to do), the accuracy is the real target (on behalf of the size of measurement error). 5. Wide measuring range DVM generally more measurable range 0 1000V DC voltage, high voltage probe can be measured with the million-volt 西安邮电大学本科毕业论文high-pressure. A / D converte

27、r 4 is a digital voltage meter, digital multimeter and measuring system the heart. At present, domestic production of A / D converter has reached hundreds of species can be broadly divided into five main categories: 1. monolithic A / D converter; 2. DMM dedicated single-chip IC; 3. dedicated multi-d

28、isplay meter IC; 4. for digital the use of special instrumentation IC (ASIC); 5. other general-purpose A / D converter, the chip can only complete A / D converter, not directly with the number of instruments. Digital voltage meter digital meter is a great core and foundation of the digital voltage m

29、eter as a continuous analog DC voltage to a discrete form of non-sequential numbers, which is different from traditional dial indicator readings to increase the ways to avoid errors in reading and visual fatigue. At present, the digital multimeter is a core component of the internal A / D converter,

30、 converter, to a large extent affect the accuracy of the accuracy of the design of digital multimeter - Digital Voltage Meter A / D converter for converting analog signals ADC0804 input, AT89C51 controls the heart of the transformation and processing the results of operations, the final output devic

31、e driver number of voltage signal. Digital voltage meter digital meter is a great core and foundation of the digital voltage meter as a continuous analog DC voltage to a discrete form of non-sequential numbers, which is different from traditional dial indicator readings to increase the ways to avoid

32、 errors in reading and visual fatigue. At present, the digital multimeter is a core component of theinternal A / D converter, converter, to a large extent affect the accuracy of the accuracy of the design of digital multimeter - Digital Voltage Meter A / D converter for converting analog signals ADC

33、0804 input, AT89C51 controls the heart of the transformation and processing the results of operations, the final output device driver number of voltage signal. LED display can be carried out will be displayed after the decimal point voltage value of one. Adoption of new technologies, new processes,

34、from LSI and VLSI constitute a new type of digital instrumentation and a large number of high-end smart devices available, the field of electronic devices marked a revolution in creating a modern pioneer of electronic measurement technology.With SCM technology, microcontrollers are widely used in me

35、asurement technology. Compared with previous measurement techniques, can only be measured through the pointer indicating instrument that displays measured values. However, meter reading instruction pointer is not convenient, and not easy to implement computer control. Today, a wide range of automati

36、c control field, need to have a similar function of micro-computer support, but often they can not be installed in the micro-computer equipment inside. Therefore, an important branch of microcontroller (MCU) came into being, with the single chip technology, there are many new generation of microcont

37、rollers have integrated multi-chip A / D converter channel, greatly simplifying the connection circuit and programming work. Microcontroller with its stable and reliable, small size, low power consumption and low cost characteristics of widely used computer-controlled multi-functionality of the site

38、 need to control the area and real-time control of single chip control system, enterprises using more computer control technology, widely used a variety of industrial automation, detection, measurement technology and other fields. Most current digital voltage meter is mainly used in the microcontrol

39、ler AT89C51, the following describes the principle of this single chip.AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and i

40、s compatible with the industry-standard 西安邮电大学本科毕业论文MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is

41、 a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. It features include:Compatible with MCS-51? Products.4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles .Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24

42、 MHz.Three-level Program Memory Lock .128 x 8-bit Internal RAM.32 Programmable I/O Lines.Two 16-bit Timer/Counters.Six Interrupt Sources.Programmable Serial Channel.Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes Pin Configurations The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 byt

43、es of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power

44、 saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. Pin Description:VCC rep

45、resentative Supply voltage.GND representative Ground.Port 0：Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiple

46、xed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification. Po

47、rt 1：Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low wil

48、l source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification. Port 2：Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written

49、to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX RI), Port