医学英语论文摘要常用句型.doc

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1、医学英语论文摘要常用句型 1)表达论文内容的常用句型 A 第三人称主动态 This paper(article，report)describes本文叙述 This paper (article)reports本文报告 This report(paper，article)presents本文介绍 This paper(article，report)discusses本文讨论 常用的动词还有analyze(分析)，evaluate(评价)，compare(比较)，describe（描述）等。 B 第一人称主动态 We report(on)我们报告 We describe a case of 我们描

2、述1例 In this paper，we present 本文介绍 In this paper，we report 本文报告 主语除we之外，还可用the authors(作者)等。 C 一般现在时被动语态 A case is reported in which 本文报告1例 A study ofis reported本文报告的研究 is(are)described 本文描述In this paperis(are)presented 本文介绍 2)表达目的常用句型 A 一般过去时、被动语态 The purpose（aim，objective） of this study was to 本研究旨

3、在 The goal（aim） of this investigation was to 本研究旨在 This study was designed to 本研究旨在 This study was undertaken to 本研究旨在 This prospective study was performed to 本前瞻性研究的目的是 A study towas carried out(during) (在期间)所作研究的目的是 An attempt has been made to 为了而作试验 B 动词不定式短语 To evaluate，report，investigate，study，

4、analyze C 一般过去时、主动语态 We（the authors）conducted a study to 为了我们进行了研究 To determine，we studied 为了确定，我们研究了 In an attempt to，in an effort to或in order to，we carried out a pilot study 为了，我们进行了的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有：evaluate(评价)，examine(检查，观察)，determine(确定，查明)，elucidate(阐明)，explore(探索)，test(测试)，compare(比较)，estimate

5、(评估)，assess(估价)，investigate(调查)等。 3)表达方法的常用句型 A 方法 表达研究类型 Prospective, Retrospective, Cohort，Case-control，in vivo, in vitro Using(technique)，we studied 我们用(技术)研究了 Using，it was found that (我们)用发现了 was(were)measured using (我们)用测定了 was(were)analyzed （reviewed） by (我们)用分析（回顾）了 was(were)treated with (我们)

6、用治疗了 measurements were made of 测定了 常用的动词还有：study，measure，determine， investigate，isolate，demonstrate，examine，identify等。 B 分组（主语通常为patients，subjects，animals） were randomly divided （grouped） intogroups 被随机分成组 were separated intogroups based on 根据，将分成组 The groups were as follows： 分组如下： C 治疗或检查方法 was per

7、formed（used） in (on)patients 我们对患者施行（应用）了 (patients) underwentendoscopy (患者)进行了内镜检查 Surgical procedures, assay(immunohistochemistry, molecular biology) 手术方法，测试方法 C 统计学方法Statistical methods: Students t test, 2 was used for 4)表达结果的常用句型 A 一般句型 The results showed （demonstrated） that结果表明 It was found tha

8、t (我们)发现 It was observed that (我们)观察到 第和句也可改为第一人称：We found that和We observed that。 B 增加或减少 decreased by(40)降低(40) (a 70) reduction inwas observed 观察到降低(70) There was a(15) elevation in增高(15) resulted in (a marked) increase in 导致(明显)增高 was lowered fromto 从下降到 表达增加或减少的常用动词还有rise，raise，decline，drop，fall

9、，lower等。可用by表示是净增减的数或倍数，例如“increase by 40”，表示“增加40”；而to表示增加或减少到某个具体数值。 C 相关与差别 There was a significant linear correlation betweenand 与有显著的线性相关性 showed no strong correlation betweenand 显示与无密切相关性 correlated positively with 与呈正相关 A negative correlation was found betweenand 发现与呈负相关 There was （were）（no）s

10、ignificant difference（s）or （No）significant difference（s）was found（observed） betweenand 与之间（无）有显著差别 P value P值（需写出具体数字） was closely related to 与密切相关 表示相互关系的常用词还有relationship(关系)，association(联系)，regression(回归)。D 表示改善或保持 demonstrated a significant improvement in 方面呈明显改善 values returned to (preoperative

11、)levels 值恢复到(手术前)水平remained at a mean of 保持在平均值水平 5)表达结论的常用句型 A 常用提示句型 These results suggest that结果提示 These findings indicate that 这些发现表明 The data （study）show the need for 数据（研究）表明需要 The results support the concept that 结果支持的概念 Our observations confirm that 我们的观察证实 imply(提示)，demonstrate(证明)和illustra

12、te(说明) B 做出结论或建议 We conclude that 我们的结论是 We suggest that我们建议 We believe that 我们认为 We postulate that我们设想 It is concluded that 结论是 It is suggested （proposed）that 结果提示，建议（虚拟语气） It is recommended that 建议 It is estimated that 估计 is(are)suggested(recommended) propose as C 表示一致性 These results accord with 结

13、果与一致 The results are concordant with结果与一致 The results agree well with结果与一致 be consistent with，in accordance with(与一致) to parallel(与相平行) D 结果转向结论 Thus，therefore，hence 因此， In conclusion最后， From this study，we conclude that根据本项研究，我们的结论是 These findings，coupled with the observation that，suggest that这些发现连同

14、对的观察结果一起，提示 In the light of this experience we therefore conclude that 根据这个经验，我们得出的结论 E 表达今后方向 The mechanisms by whichremain to be investigated关于的机制仍需研究 Further studies are necessary to (evaluate) 有必要进一步研究，以(评价)注：按MEDLINE要求，PURPOSE，METHODS，RESULTS，CONCLUSIONS全部用大写，后加冒号。英文必须在半角状态下输入，不能全角、半角混用。 第一课一术语

15、翻译1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3. clinical experience4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 5. miscellaneous diseases6. Chinese pharmacy7. four properties and five tastes/flavors8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9. classical Chinese p

16、hilosophy10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis11. purgation12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth14. etiology15. prescription; formula16. medical practice17. therapeutic principles18. herbs cold and cool in nature19. nourishing yin and reducing fire20. diseases cause

17、d by blood stagnation 二句子翻译1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese peoples experience in their struggle against diseases.2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, pr

18、evention and treatment of diseases.4. Huangdis Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Huangdis Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in puls

19、e lore.6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.9. Compendium o

20、f Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.11. In the Jin and Yuan D

21、ynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.12. Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. 13. Liu Wansu believed that “fire-hea

22、t” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.14. Li Gao, entitled with the Schoolof Reinforcing the Earth, emphasized on warming and invigorating the spleen and stomach.15. Zhu Danxi advocated the remedies of nourishing y

23、in and reducing fire in treatment of diseases, so he was entitled as the Schoolof Nourishing Yin. 16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.17. The Schoolof Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of war

24、m disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood st

25、agnation.19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. 第二课一术语翻译1. five zang-o

26、rgans; five zang-viscera2. six fu-organs3. system of meridians and collaterals4. holism5. organic wholenss6. social attribute7. (of the five zang-organs) open into8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store9. diagnostics10. relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi11. therapeutics12. co

27、mmon cold due to wind and cold13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases15. balance of water metabolism16. clearing away heart fire17. nature of disease18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the

28、right side19. drawing yang from yin20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part 二句子翻译1. The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.3. The constitu

29、ent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.

30、6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influe

31、nces human beings.9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.11. Regional and climatic differences, to some extent, influence the phys

32、iological activities of the human body.12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases.

33、14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.16. Clinical doctors pay great attention to the differe

34、ntiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes. 17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the

35、similarity in pathogenesis.19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi.20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.