初高中衔接专题考点讲解和训练.docx

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1、初高中衔接专题一-名词考点集汇，讲解和训练一、名词的数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾”-s”或”-es”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加_，例如：book_，girl_，doctor_.（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加_，例如：bus_，class_box_，watch_，brush_。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加_，例如：orange_。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“_”再加_,例如：city_, factory_, country_, family_, story - _。但要注意的是以_ 加y结尾的名词

2、的复数形式只加s，如：boy_, day_, storey- _, monkey - _。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero_，potato_，tomato_,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo_，radio_，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo_，piano_。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，变f为_再加_，例如：knife_，leaf_, half_, wife- _。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。情况 读法 例词 在p t k f等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在s z t d3等音后 iz glasses, pages, or

3、anges, buses, watches, faces 在b d g v等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man_，woman_，tooth_，foot_，child_，mouse_, ox-_, goose-_。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：two _ (Englishman), five _ (gentleman), three_ (German)。man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：5个女老师: _。有个别名词单复数

4、一样，例如：中国人_，日本人_，绵羊_，鹿_，鱼_ 等。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：人们_, 警察_，牛_等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 一个8岁的男孩：_, 一次10分钟的行程_。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：裤子_，衣服_，筷子_，眼镜_，货物_，剪刀_，指南针_。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：physics, mathematics/maths, politics, the United States, Niagara Falls, news.2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以

5、下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has _ (很多) moneyThere is _ (一些) milk in the bottleIs there _ water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres _ (太多) snow and ice（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：一张纸_, 一块蛋糕_, 一瓶橘子汁_, 一杯牛奶_一袋米_, 三袋米_.二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系

6、。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：爸爸的鞋_, 学生宿舍_。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：儿童节_, 妇女节_, 男厕所_。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：10英里的旅程_，a boats length，10美元的价值_。4. 名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的在习惯上可以省略。 如：医生诊所_, 理发店_, 我姨妈家_, 老师的办公室_, 斯密斯先生的家_.5. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：一张中国地图_，这学期末_，我们国家的首都_, 教室的窗户_, 书的标题_, 海底

7、_.6. 双重所有格，例如：我爸爸的一个朋友_, 我妹妹的两个同学_。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【演练1】单选题1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B.

8、 the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once3- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of w

9、ater D. some bottle of waters4Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear5There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears6They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans7The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watc

10、h C. boy; watches D. boys; watch8The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths9Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news10- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and c

11、hildC. woman and child D. women and children11Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day12Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room【演练2】语法填空1. Always remember to put such dangerous thi

12、ngs as _ (knife) out of childrens reach.2. Dr. Smith is going to pull out one of my _ (tooth).3. In my opinion， it is wrong to cheat in _(examine) because it breaks the rules of schools.4. Upon _ (arrive), we began to work immediately.5. Since “Life is a stage”，we are actually all actors and _ (act)

13、.6. There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial _ (express).7. Lang Lang is a world-class young _ (piano) who grew up in Shenyang.【演练3】单句改错1. I have been there a couple of time.2. When you visit London, one of the first thing you will see is Big Ben.3. Mr. Wang gave us some advices on

14、how to remember English words.4. I have no time to take exercise because I have a lot of homeworks to do.5. This happened four and a half century ago.6. More care would insure you against making so much mistakes.7. Its about an hour drive from here to my office.8. Li Ming, a three-years-old boy, is

15、very lovely.9. We are having dinner at my aunt tonight.10. In our school, there is a new lab building with lots of teaching equipments in it.【演练4】短文改错Born on August 23,1988 in America, Jeremy Shu-How Lin is an professional basketball player with the Huston Rockets of the National Basketball Associat

16、ion (NBA). But, to some degree, many Chinese fans and coachs take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parent were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become success and attracted the world attention, which gives

17、Chinese people a lot of imaginations and pride. As we know, in most people eye , Jeremy is a miracle . In June, 2012, when Jeremy took his third trip to China, a large crowd came to meet him, among whom there were various fans including some family , some children and even some woman players . They

18、brought cameras to take photoes with their idol. Jeremy had fun with his supporter and expected to come back again.初高中衔接专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： The _ (帅哥) attracted all the ladies present. The fish _ (变质了). The film is both _ (move) and _ (有教育意义). We keep our clas

19、sroom _ (干净整洁). (2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have _ (重要的事情) to tell you. Is there _ (有趣的事情) in the film. (3) 以-ly结尾的形容词以-ly结尾的词多为副词。但friendly_, deadly_, lovely_, lonely_, likely_, lively_, ugly_, brotherly_, daily_ 等仍为形容词。 (4) the形容词表示一类人或物: 年轻人_, 老人_, 富人_, 穷人

20、_, 盲人_, 死人_, 活人_ 富人应该帮助穷人。_.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies _ (非常努力). _ (这里的生活) is full of joy. When will you _ (回来)? 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：他经常上学迟到。_.她从未去过北京。_.

21、2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：在回家的路上，我遇到一位老友。_.把你的名字写在这儿。_.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, br

22、avely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, , quickly, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：老人慢慢走回家。_.请认真听老师讲。_.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty,

23、 greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：她的发音非常棒。_.我深深地被这部电影感动了。_.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：你目前学习怎么样?_?你在哪里找到手机的?_? (2)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a _ nice girlIm feeling _ better now.Mu

24、ch可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea _. They did not talk _.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, _.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt _.3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has _ left.Have you heard from him _? He hasnt answered

25、_.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。My brother likes football and _ _ I.My brother doesnt like dancing and _ _ I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is _ (tall) than we are. (2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. _. It

26、is the most dangerous snake here. _. (3)“The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.”表示“越. 就越.”。 你学得越多，了解的就越多。_. (4) “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “ 越来越.”。 这儿的天气变得越来越凉快。_. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 这棵树和那栋楼一样高。_. 这本字典没你想象的那么有用。_. (6) the + 形容词，表示某种人。 老年人比年轻人容易感冒。_.(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 上海是世界上最大的城市

27、之一。_.【演练1】单项选择1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at

28、maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest6I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little7The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too

29、; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to8The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide9Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too10. Jones looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths t

30、est. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily11. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as12. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as

31、 _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon13. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more14. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of15. -Rem

32、ember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less【演练2】语法填空1. You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit _ (slowly)?2. Those who have _ (much) money than sense may sometim

33、es act foolishly.3. Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as _ (large) as that of theirs.4. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _ (early).5. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ (cheap) one to spare some money for a book.6. Work gets done _ (

34、easily) when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.7. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _(little) water and electricity than _ (old) models.8. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _(bad).【演练3】单句改错1. I like the food cooked by my

35、mother. Nothing could be good.2. Although he was injured, he ran more faster than others.3. My mother bought some old furniture in the second hand market, but they looked well.4. Fast & Furious 7 is the exciting film that I have ever seen by far.5. In spite of the fact that he got the task in the la

36、st minute, he accomplished it as better as others.6. The number of tourists paying a visit to Tai Mountain was small last year, but there seems to be even few tourists around this year.7. I had thought it was Professor Wang. However, when he came close to me, I found he was professor Li.8. Whisper o

37、ften enters the classroom a few minutes early to ensure his students to make good preparations for his classes.9. Of all the boys, Sam works hard. 10. He is a heavily smoker.11. I find it easily to get on with her. 12. You must work much more careful.13. Being a student，he was natural interested in museums.14. . He is bad in need of money. 15. Hopeful, we