初中英语八种时态讲解及练习.docx
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1、 初中英语时态讲解一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays等 基本结构:be动词;行为动词 否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
2、,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。一、 【人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数】。如:HelikeswatchingTV.他喜欢看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)二、 【单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数】。如:HanMeilookslikehermother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲。BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、【单数可数名词或thi
3、s/that/the+单数可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数】。如:Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。Thisbookisyours.这本书是你的。四、【不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数】。如:Everyoneishere.大家到齐了。Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.这块手表有毛病。五、【不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数】。如:Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。Thebreadisverysmal
4、l.那面包很小。六、【当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数】。如:6isaluckynumber.6是个吉利数字。【练习】一、单选 1.Jenny_inanoffice.Herparents_inahospital.Aworkworks Bworkswork Cworkareworking Disworkingwork2Oneoftheboys_ablackhat. AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3Wewillgoshoppingifit_tomorrow. AdontrainBdidntrainCdoesntrainDisntrain4Hesaidthesun_int
5、heeastand_inthewest. Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5WangMei_musicandoften_tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDlikinglisten6Jenny_Englisheveryevening. AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied二、填空 1.Herhome_(远离)herschool. 2.Who_(想要)togoswimming?3.IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_(come)tovis
6、it. 4._she_(do)thehouseworkeveryday?5 Thepot_(notlook)likeyoursverymuch. 6Where_you_(have)luncheveryday?7JennyandDannyusually_(play)gamesintheafternoon. 8_yoursister_(know)English?二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,ju
7、stnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)1.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were肯定句式:主语+be(was,were)+其它.否定句式:主语+be(was,were)+not+其它.一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+其它?注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was/were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去
8、式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.肯定句式:主语+动词(过去式)+其它 否定句式:主语+didnt+动词(原形)+其它【didnot=didnt】一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词(原形)+其它【do,does的过去时均为did】?注:1.did和didnt是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。2.实意动词do的一般过去时Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改写句子)Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididntdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否定句)Didyoudoyourhomeworkyes
9、terday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididnt.(一般疑问句)3.情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。肯定句式:主语+情态动词+其它否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+其它.一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+其它?注:情态动词的过去式:cancould,maymight,mustmust,will-would,should-should。4. 特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?Whatwasyourformern
10、ame?你以前叫什么名字?WhywashelateforschoollastMonday?上星期一他为什么迟到?Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago?20年前她能做什么?规则动词的过去式1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked2. 以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。liveliveduseusedtaste-tasted3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y改为i,再加ed。studystudiedtrytriedflyflied4.以重
11、读闭音节(即辅音元音辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加ed。stopstoppedplanplannedstop-stoppedpreferpreferred5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was,are-were(是),become_became(成为)go-went(走)基本用法表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚突然病倒了。表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatwalkedbytheri
12、verside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步。叙述过去连续发生的一件件事 Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1.He (live)inWuxitwoyearsago. 2.Thecat (eat)abirdlastnight. 3.We (have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek. 5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyester
13、day. 6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson. 7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival. 8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight. 9.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.10._you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?11._he_(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_.12.GaoShan_(put)upthepicturelastnight.13.I_(sweep
14、)theflooryesterday.14.What_she_(find)inthegardenlastmorning?15.Herfather_(read)anewspaperlastnight.16.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.17.Ilistenedbut_(hear)nothing.18.Howmanypeople_(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?二、按要求变换句型。1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑问句)_Frank_aninterestingbook
15、abouthistory?2. Hecleanedhisroom justnow.(划线提问)What_he_?3.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否定句)Thomas_RMB10onthisbook.4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(划线提问) _family_lastweek?1.I_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2.She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.3._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_.4.What_Tom_(do
16、)onSaturdayevening?He_(watch)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.5.Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.She_(stay)athomeand_(do)somecleaning.6. When_you_(write)thissong?I_(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,_(study)forthemathtestand_(practice)Englishlastnight.8._Mr.Li_(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Ye
17、s,he_.9.How_(be)Jimsweekend?It_(benot)bad.10._(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she_.三、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。构成:be+现在分词。be应为助动词,应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词现在分词的变化规则1. 一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing,如:work-workingstudy-studying2. 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing,如:make-makingdance-dancing3. 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing,如:p
18、ut-puttingbegin-beginning4.以-ie结尾的动词,把-ie变成y再加-ing,如:lie-lyingtie-tying写出下列动词的现在分词形式dance_shop_play_speak_have_work_write_take_study_sit_sing_swim_lie_变化:肯定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其它.一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它?对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,
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