基于C + +应用程序编程接口的简单网络管理协议毕业论文外文翻译.docx

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1、附录外文原文C+ Based Application Programmers Interface for the Simple Network Management ProtocolWhats New in Revision 2.61Version 2.6 is 100% compatible with version 2.5. Version 2.6 includes a number of minor enhancements plus a few bug fixes.UNIX classes include source code for full ASN.1 encoding and

2、decodingASN.1 encoding and decoding wrapped into SnmpMessage classMinor bug fixesDropped support for Win16Full Support for WinSNMP 2.0Products Now Using SNMP+HP Download Manager IP & IPX for MS-Windows 3.1, 3.11, NT and Win 95HP Download Manager for HPUX 9.0 and 10.0HP Download Manager for Sun Solar

3、isHP Router Monitor For OpenView MS-Windows 3.1, 3.11, NT and Win 95HP Router Monitor for OpenView HPUX 9.0HP InterConnect Manager for OpenView MS-Windows 3.1, 3.11, NT and Win 95HP InterConnect Manager For OpenView HPUX 9.0 and 10.0HP Virtual LAN Switch Configurator For OpenView MS-WindowsHP Virtua

4、l LAN Switch Configurator For OpenView HPUXSNMP+ Demonstration Application For MS-Windows, Win16 and Win32Fiber Channel Switch Manager for MS-Windows 3.1, 3.11, NT and Win 95Fiber Channel Switch Manager for HPUX 9.0 and 10.0HP Advance Stack Assistant For WindowsHP Advance Stack Assistant For HPUXHP

5、OpenView Professional Suite For WindowsObject Modeling Technique (OMT) view of the SNMP+ FrameworkIntroductionVarious Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Application Programmers Interfaces (APIs) exist which allow for the creation of network management applications. The majority of these APIs

6、provide a large library of functions which require the programmer to be familiar with the inner workings of SNMP and SNMP resource management. Most of these APIs are platform specific, resulting in SNMP code specific to an operating system or network operating system platform and thus not portable.

7、Application development using C+ has entered the main stream and with it a rich set of reusable class libraries are now readily available. What is missing is a standard set of C+ classes for network management. An object oriented approach to SNMP network programming provides many benefits including

8、ease of use, safety, portability and extensibility. SNMP+ offers power and flexibility which would otherwise be difficult to implement and manage. What Is SNMP+?SNMP+ is a set of C+ classes which provide SNMP services to a network management application developer. SNMP+ is not an additional layer or

9、 wrapper over existing SNMP engines. SNMP+ utilizes existing SNMP libraries in a few minimized areas and in doing so is efficient and portable. SNMP+ is not meant to replace other existing SNMP APIs such as WinSNMP, rather it offers power and flexibility which would otherwise be difficult to manage

10、and implement. SNMP+ brings the Object Advantage to network management programming. Objectives of SNMP+Ease of Use and SNMP+An Object Oriented (OO) approach to SNMP programming should be easy to use. After all, this is supposed to be a simple network management protocol. SNMP+ puts the simple back i

11、nto SNMP! The application programmer does not need be concerned with low level SNMP mechanisms. An OO approach to SNMP encapsulates and hides the internal mechanisms of SNMP. In regard to ease of use, SNMP+ addresses the following areas.Provides an easy-to-use interface into SNMPA user does not have

12、 to be an expert in SNMP to use SNMP+. Furthermore, a user does not have to be an expert in C+! For the most part C pointers do not exist in SNMP+. The result is an easy to use straight forward API.Provides easy migration to SNMP version 2A major goal of SNMP+ has been to develop an API which scales

13、 to SNMP version 2 with minimal impact on code. The SnmpTarget class makes this possible.Preserves the flexibility of lower level SNMP programmingA user may want to bypass the OO approach and code directly to low level SNMP calls. SNMP+ is fast and efficient. However, there may be instances where th

14、e programmer requires coding directly to a lower level SNMP API.Encourages programmers to use the full power of C+ without chastising them for not learning fast enoughA user does not have to be an expert in C+ to use SNMP+. Basic knowledge of SNMP is required, but as will be shown, a minimal underst

15、anding of C+ is needed.Programming Safety and SNMP+Most SNMP APIs require the programmer to manage a variety of resources. Improper allocation or de-allocation of these resources can result in corrupted or lost memory. SNMP+ provides safety by managing these resources automatically. The user of SNMP

16、+ realizes the benefits of automatic resource and session management. In regard to programming safety, SNMP+ addresses the following areas.Provides safe management of SNMP resourcesThis includes SNMP structures, sessions, and transport layer management. SNMP classes are designed as Abstract Data Typ

17、es ( ADTs) providing data hiding and the provision of public member functions to inspect or modify hidden instance variables.Provides built in error checking, automatic time-out and retryA user of SNMP+ does not have to be concerned with providing reliability for an unreliable transport mechanism. A

18、 variety of communications errors can occur including: lost datagrams, duplicated datagrams, and reordered datagrams. SNMP+ addresses each of these possible error conditions and provides the user with transparent reliability.Portability and SNMP+A major goal of SNMP+ is to provide a portable API acr

19、oss a variety of operating systems (OSs), network operating systems (NOSs), and network management platforms. Since the internal mechanisms of SNMP+ are hidden, the public interface remains the same across any platform. A programmer who codes to SNMP+ does not have to make changes to move it to anot

20、her platform. Another issue in the area of portability is the ability to run across a variety of protocols. SNMP+ currently operates over the Internet Protocol (IP) or Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) protocols, or both using a dual stack. Extensibility and SNMP+Extensibility is not a binary function

21、but rather one of degree. SNMP+ not only can be extended, but can and has been extended easily. Extensions to SNMP+ include supporting new OSs, NOSs , network management platforms, protocols, supporting SNMP version 2, and adding new features. Through C+ class derivation, users of SNMP+ can inherit

22、what they like and overload what they wish to redefine.Overloading SNMP+ Base ClassesThe application programmer may subclass the base SNMP+ classes to provide specialized behavior and attributes. This theme is central to object orientation. The base classes of SNMP+ are meant to be generic and do no

23、t contain any vendor specific data structures or behavior. New attributes can be easily added through C+ sub-classing and virtual member function redefinition. An Introductory ExampleRather than begin by describing SNMP+ and all of its features, here is a simple example that illustrates its power an

24、d simplicity. This example obtains a SNMP MIB System Descriptor object from the specified agent. Included are all code needed to create a SNMP+ session, get the system descriptor, and print it out. Retries and time-outs are managed automatically. The SNMP+ code is in bold font.A Simple SNMP+ Example

25、#include “snmp_pp.h”#define SYSDESCR “1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0” / Object ID for System Descriptorvoid get_system_descriptor() int status; / return status CTarget ctarget( (IpAddress) “10.4.8.5”); / SNMP+ community target Vb vb( SYSDESCR); / SNMP+ Variable Binding Object Pdu pdu; / SNMP+ PDU /- Construct a

26、SNMP+ SNMP Object - Snmp snmp( status); / Create a SNMP+ session if ( status != SNMP_CLASS_SUCCESS) / check creation status cout snmp.error_msg( status); / if fail, print error string return; /- Invoke a SNMP+ Get - pdu += vb; / add the variable binding to the PDU if ( (status = snmp.get( pdu, ctarg

27、et) != SNMP_CLASS_SUCCESS) cout snmp.error_msg( status); else pdu.get_vb( vb,0); / extract the variable binding from PDU cout “System Descriptor = ” vb.get_printable_value(); / print out the value; Explanation of Introductory ExampleThe actual SNMP+ calls are made up of ten lines of code. A CTarget

28、object is created using the IP address of the agent. A variable binding (Vb) object is then created using the object identifier of the MIB object to retrieve (System Descriptor). The Vb object is then attached to a Pdu object. An Snmp object is used to invoke an SNMP get. Once retrieved, the respons

29、e message is printed out. All error handling code is included.SNMP+ FeaturesFull Set of C+ based SNMP classesSNMP+ is based around a set of C+ classes including the Object Identifier (Oid) class, Variable Binding (Vb) class, Protocol Data Unit (Pdu) class, Snmp class and a variety of classes making

30、work with Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1) Structure of Management Information (SMI) types easy and object oriented.Automatic SNMP Memory ManagementThe classes manage various SNMP structures and resources automatically when objects are instantiated and destroyed. This frees the application programme

31、r from having to worry about de-allocating structures and resources and thus provides better protection from memory corruption and leaks. SNMP+ objects may be instantiated statically or dynamically. Static object instantiation allows destruction when the object goes out of scope. Dynamic allocation

32、requires use of C+ constructs new and delete. Internal to SNMP+, are various Structure of Management Information (SMI) structures which are protected and hidden from the public interface. All SMI structures are managed internally, the programmer does not need to define or manage SMI structures or va

33、lues. For the most part, usage of C pointers in SNMP+ is non existent.Ease Of UseBy hiding and managing all SMI structures and values, the SNMP+ classes are easy and safe to use. The programmer cannot corrupt what is hidden and protected from scope. Power and FlexibilitySNMP+ provides power and flex

34、ibility which would otherwise be difficult to implement and manage. Each SNMP+ object communicates with an agent through a session model. That is, an instance of a SNMP+ session class maintains connections to specified agents. Each SNMP+ object provides reliability through automatic retry and time-o

35、uts. An application may have multiple SNMP+ object instances, each instance communicating to the same or different agent(s). This is a powerful feature which allows a network management application to have different sessions for each management component. Alternatively, a single Snmp session may be

36、used for everything. For example, an application may have one SNMP+ object to provide graphing statistics, another SNMP+ object to monitor traps, and a third SNMP+ object to allow SNMP browsing. SNMP+ automatically handles multiple concurrent requests from different SNMP+ instances.Portable ObjectsT

37、he majority of SNMP+ is portable C+ code. Only the Snmp class implementation is different for each target operating system. If your program contains SNMP+ code, this code will port without any changes!Automatic Time-out And RetriesSNMP+ supports automatic time-out and retries. This frees the program

38、mer from having to implement time-out or retry code. Retransmission policy is defined in the SnmpTarget class. This allows each managed target to have its own time-out / retry policy.Blocked Mode RequestsSNMP+ includes a blocked model. The blocked mode for MS-Windows allows multiple blocked requests

39、 on separate SNMP class instances. Non-Blocking Asynchronous Mode RequestsSNMP+ also supports a non-blocking asynchronous mode for requests. Time-outs and retries are supported in both blocked and asynchronous modes.Notifications, Trap Reception and Sending SNMP+ is designed to allow trap reception

40、and sending on multiple transports including IP and IPX. In addition, SNMP+ allows trap reception and sending using non-standard trap IP ports and IPX socket numbers.Support For SNMP Version 1 and 2 Through a Bilingual APISNMP+ has been designed with support and usage for SNMP version one and two. A

41、ll operations within the API are designed to be bilingual. That is, operations are not SNMP specific. Through utilization of the SnmpTarget class, SNMP version specific operations are abstracted. SNMP Get, Get Next, Get Bulk, Set, Inform and Trap SupportedSNMP+ supports all six SNMP operations. All

42、six SNMP+ member functions utilize similar parameter lists and operate in a blocked or non-blocked (asynchronous) manner. Redefinition Through InheritanceSNMP+ is implemented using C+ and thus allows a programmer to overload or redefine behavior which does not suite their needs. For example, if an a

43、pplication requires special Oid object needs, a subclass of the Oid class may be created, inheriting all the attributes and behavior the Oid base class while allowing new behavior and attributes to be added to the derived class.中文基于C + +应用程序编程接口的简单网络管理协议1.版本2.61中的新功能 2.6版是与2.5版本完全兼容的。2.6版对以前的版本进行了一些

44、小的改进，修复了几个故障。 UNIX类包括完整的ASN.1编码和解码的源代码 ASN.1编码和解码包括了SnmpMessage类 修复了一些bug 取消了对Win16的支持 完全支持WinSNMP的2.0版本2.使用SNMP + +的产品 HP下载管理器IP和IPX 支持MS-WINDOWS 3.1，3.11，NT和Win 95 HP下载管理HPUX 9.0和10.0 Sun Solaris的HP下载管理 HP路由器监控OPENVIEW Microsoft Windows 3.1，3.11，NT和Win 95 HP路由器监控为OPENVIEW HPUX 9.0 OpenView支持MS-Win

45、dows的3.1，3.11，NT和Win 95 HP互连经理： HP互连经理HPUX 9.0和10.0对于OPENVIEW 惠普虚拟局域网交换机配置对于OPENVIEW MS-Windows的 惠普虚拟局域网交换机配置对于OPENVIEW HPUX SNMP + +在MS-Windows，Win16和Win32的示范应用 MS-WINDOWS 3.1，3.11，NT和Win 95光纤通道交换机经理 光纤通道交换机经理HPUX 9.0和10.0 HP高级堆栈对于Windows助理 HP高级堆栈助手For HPUX HP OpenView的专业套件适用于Windows 对象建模技术（OMT）视图S

46、NMP+的框架3.介绍 允许网络管理应用程序的创建的各种简单网络管理协议（SNMP）应用程序编程接口（API）存在。大多数这些API提供了一个要求程序员对SNMP内部运作机制和SNMP资源管理熟悉的大型库函数。这些API的绝大多数是具有平台相关性的，导致SNMP的代码只适合特定的操作系统或网络操作系统平台，从而不便于进行迁移。应用程序开发者使用C + +已经进入了主流，现在很容易使用上一套丰富的可重用的类库。现在缺少的是一套针对于网络管理的标准的C+类。面向对象的方法对SNMP网络编程的带来了许多好处，包括易于使用，安全性，可移植性和可扩展性。SNMP +提供了强大功能和灵活性，否则将难以实施和管理。3.1.什么是SNMP + +？ SNMP+是对网络管理应用程序开发人员提供SNMP服务的一组C+类。SNMP +不是一个附加层或在现有SNMP引擎上的包装。SNMP+在极少的地方利用现有的SNMP库，这样做是有效的和可移植的。SNMP+的存在并不是要取代其他现有SNMP 应用程序接口，例如 WinSNMP的应用程序接口，它只是提供强大功能和灵活性，否则将难以管理和执行。SNMP+给网络管理编程带来的对象的优点。3.2.目标的SNMP + +3.2.1.易于使用的SNMP + + 面向对象（OO）的SNMP编程方法