数据库技术简介毕业论文外文翻译.docx

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1、Database Technique Brief IntroductionThe database is the latest technique of data management, is the important branch of calculator science, for more than ten years, database management system already from appropriative of applied the procedure wrap to develop to become in general use system softwar

2、e.Because the database has data structure to turn, lowest redundancy degree, higher procedure and data independence, be easy to an enlargement and be easy to draw up application procedure etc. advantage, all of bigger information systems are establishments to design in the database on of.Therefore,

3、not only large calculator and medium small scaled calculator, even the microcomputers all have a database management system.Currently, to database various model of research and theoretically of study return at booming open an exhibition, its application also from general the management extend the re

4、alms such as design, artificial intelligence and science and technology calculation etc. of the calculator assistance.Today, the information resources has become important wealth and resources of each section.Build up a satisfy the information processing of the all levels section to request of the v

5、alid information system go also becomes the important condition of a business enterprise or organization existence and development.Therefore Be core and basal database technique of the information system to get a more and more extensive application, since the childhood type single-item business proc

6、essing system arrive large information system, from allied the machine business handle allied machine analysis processing, from general the business enterprise managed a calculator assistance a design and make(CAD/CAM), calculator integration manufacturing system(CIMS), transact information system(O

7、IS), geography information system(GIS).etc., more and more new of applied realm adoption the database save and handled their informations resources.Say for a nation, the construction scale, database information of the database size and usage Pin of the quantity degree the important marking which hav

8、e become to measure this national information-based degree.Therefore, the database technique is the profession, information of the calculator science and technology to manage a professional important course.Database academics of of the range of research be very extensive and broadly speaking can inc

9、lude the following three realms:1. Develop of the system software of the database managementThe DBMS is the foundation of database system.The DBMS develops to include to develop DBMS and takes DBMS as a set of software system which contacts mutually of core and include tool software and in the cente

10、r piece.The target of develop is to raise system of can use sex, credibility, flexible;Lift the rate of production of high performance and exaltation customer.The technical research of the DBMS core and realization is more than 30 year database realm obtain of main achievement.The DBMS is a foundati

11、on software system, it provided to carry on to the data in the database saving, the function of index and management.2. The database designThe main mission of database design is under the DBMS technique, according to the applied request, is some section or organization to design a structure reasonab

12、le, the usage higher database of the convenience, efficiency and its application system.Among them main of research the direction be a database design method to learn with design tool, include a database design method and design the research of tool and design theories, norm and data of the database

13、 design set up the research of mold, calculator assistance database design the research of method and its software system, database design norm and standard of research etc.3. Database theoriesDatabase theories of study main concentration in relation of the norm turn theories, relation data theories

14、.etc.Combine, proceed together a calculation technique along with the artificial intelligence and the database theories in recent years etc. of development, the database logic deduce with the knowledge reason logically, the knowledge detection(the from Database of the Knowledge Discovery, brief name

15、 KDD) in the database, proceed together calculate ways etc. become new ories a research a direction.Other newly arisen and technical developments produced graveness influence to the database technique in the calculator realm.The database technique technically and with each other combines together wi

16、th other calculators and permeate, make the new technique contents in the database to pile up one after another each other.Many concepts, technique contents, application realm of database, even some principles all had important development and variety.Establishment and carried out a series of and ne

17、w database system, like distribute type database system, proceed together database system, knowledge base system, multi-media database system etc.They together constituted the database system big household and make the database technique constantly flow out now new research direction. Currently, alo

18、ng with database technically for break mature, the database system has already developped to become a big household, the lately technical contents pile up one after another, can from the data model, new technique contents, application realm 3 to discuss new technique and new development of database.

19、First, database technique the core of the development is the development of data model;Secondly, the traditional database technique technically and with each other combines together with other calculators, permeate each other is the database lately technical main characteristic;End, the database tec

20、hnique is applied to particular realm in, appeared data warehouse, engineering database, covariance database, space database, science database.etc. is various databases, make the application of database realm continuously extend, technically develop to provide constantly continuous motive for the da

21、tabase thus.1. The data model developUsually at the database convenient data model this tool come abstract, mean and handle the data and information in the realistic world.The data model is the abstraction of data characteristic and what to describe is the total of the data.However, along with datab

22、ase application the realm demandingly increase to the database, the traditional relation data model starts expose a many weaknesses, such as to mean of complicated object that the ability is worse, the language righteousness expression ability is weaker and lack vivid abundant of set up mold ability

23、 etc.For make database the customer can directly express them with their understanding to the objective world want to describe of world, people put forward to erupt an exhibition many new data models.These try along 3 carry on of.The first, carry on an enlargement to the traditional relation model(1

24、 NF), led to go into a handful of structure machines, make it be able to express more complicated data type, strengthen its structure to set up mold ability, so of the data model be called complicated data model.The second, put forward with development compare relation model to say that all new mach

25、ine and data of the data structure handle original language to express complicated structure with abundant of language righteousness.The third, the language righteousness data model with faced to the object program design method knot to put together to put forward to face to the data model of object

26、.2. The database technique combine together with other related techniquesThe database technique combines together with the contents of other academicses, is a new generation database 1 of technique show a Zhao characteristic, flow out to appear various new database system, for example:Database techn

27、ique with distribute a processing technique to combine together, appeared the distribute type database system;Database technique with proceed together a processing technique to combine together, appear proceed together database system; Database technique and multi-media technique combine together an

28、d appeared multi-media database system;Database technique and misty technique combine together and appeared misty database system etc.These new database systems absorb, combined other calculator techniques, became numerous branches of database realm and research a topic thus and biggest enrich and d

29、evelopped .3. Face to the database new technique of apply the realmThe database technique is applied to particular realm in, appeared data warehouse, engineering database, covariance database, space database, science database.etc. is various databases, make the application of database realm continuo

30、usly extend.These all obvious district of the database system have some realm applied demanding characteristic, the large database worker to the database characteristic of each realm investigates and develops various particular database system and obtained a plenteous result.Not only built up to can

31、 be provided as the database system of usage for these realms, have of already practical turn, and made to contribute for the technical development of the new generation database.数据库技术简介数据库是数据管理的最新技术，是计算机科学的重要分支，十余年来，数据库管理系统已从专用的应用程序包发展到成为通用的系统软件。由于数据库具有数据结构化、最低冗余度、较高的程序与数据独立性、易于扩充、易于编制应用程序等优点，较大的信息

32、系统都是建立在数据库设计之上的。因此，不仅大型计算机及中小型计算机，甚至微型计算机都配有数据库管理系统。目前，对数据库各种模型的研究以及理论上的探讨都还在蓬勃开展，其应用也从一般管理扩大到计算机辅助设计、人工智能以及科技计算等领域。今天，信息资源已成为各个部门的重要财富和资源。建立一个满足各级部门信息处理要求的行之有效的信息系统也成为一个企业或组织生存和发展的重要条件。因此，作为信息系统核心和基础的数据库技术得到越来越广泛的应用，从小型单项事务处理系统到大型信息系统，从联机事务处理到联机分析处理，从一般企业管理到计算机辅助设计与制造(CAD/CAM)、计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)、办公信息系

33、统(OIS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等，越来越多新的应用领域采用数据库存储和处理他们的信息资源。对于一个国家来说，数据库的建设规模、数据库信息量的大小和使用频度已成为衡量这个国家信息化程度的重要标志。因此，数据库技术是计算机科学与技术专业、信息管理专业的重要课程。数据库学科的研究范围是十分广泛的，概括地讲可以包括以下三个领域：1数据库管理系统软件的研制DBMS是数据库系统的基础。DBMS的研制包括研制DBMS本身及以DBMS为核心的一组相互联系的软件系统，包括工具软件和中间件。研制的目标是提高系统的可用性、可靠性、可伸缩性；提高性能和提高用户的生产率。DBMS核心技术的研究和实现是三十余年来数

34、据库领域所取得的主要成就。DBMS是一个基础软件系统，它提供了对数据库中的数据进行存储，检索和管理的功能。2数据库设计数据库设计的主要任务是在DBMS的技术下，按照应用的要求，为某一部门或组织设计一个结构合理、使用方便、效率较高的数据库及其应用系统。其中主要的研究方向是数据库设计方法学和设计工具，包括数据库设计方法、设计工具和设计理论的研究，数据库设计规范和数据建模的研究，计算机辅助数据库设计方法及其软件系统的研究，数据库设计规范和标准的研究等。3数据库理论数据库理论的研究主要集中于关系的规范化理论、关系数据理论等。近年来，随着人工智能与数据库理论的结合、并行计算技术等的发展，数据库逻辑演绎和

35、知识推理、数据库中的知识发现(Knowledge Discovery from Database,简称KDD)、并行算法等成为新的理论研究方向。计算机领域中其他新兴技术的发展对数据库技术产生了重大影响。数据库技术和其他计算机技术的互相结合、互相渗透、使数据库中新的技术内容层出不穷。数据库的许多概念、技术内容、应用领域，甚至某些原理都有了重大的发展和变化。建立和实现了一系列新型数据库系统，如分布式数据库系统、并行数据库系统、知识库系统、多媒体数据库系统等。它们共同构成了数据库系统大家族，使数据库技术不断地涌现新的研究方向。目前，随着数据库技术的不断成熟，数据库系统已经发展成为一个大家族，新技术的

36、内容层出不穷，可从数据模型、新技术内容、应用领域三个方面来讨论数据库的新技术和新发展。首先，数据库技术发展的核心是数据模型的发展；其次，传统的数据库技术和其他计算机技术的互相结合、互相渗透是数据库新技术的主要特征；最后，数据库技术被应用到特定领域中，出现了数据仓库、工程数据库、统计数据库、空间数据库、科学数据库等多种数据库，使数据库领域的应用范围不断扩大，从而为数据库技术的发展提供源源不断的动力。1数据模型的发展通常在数据库中用数据模型这个工具来抽象、表示和处理现实世界中的数据和信息。数据模型是数据特征的抽象，描述的是数据的共性。然而，随着数据库应用领域对数据库需求的增多，传统的关系数据模型开

37、始暴露出许多弱点，如对复杂对象的表示能力较差，语义表达能力较弱，缺乏灵活丰富的建模能力等。为了使数据库用户能够直接以他们对客观世界的认识方式来表达他们所要描述的世界，人们提出并发展了许多新的数据模型。这些尝试沿着三个方面进行的。第一，对传统的关系模型(1NF)进行扩充，引入了少数构造器，使它能表达比较复杂的数据类型，增强其结构建模能力，这样的数据模型称为复杂数据模型。第二，提出和发展相比关系模型来说全新的数据构造器和数据处理原语，以表达复杂的结构和丰富的语义。第三，将语义数据模型和面向对象程序设计方法结合起来提出了面向对象的数据模型。2数据库技术与其他相关技术相结合数据库技术与其他学科的内容相

38、结合，是新一代数据库技术的一个显著特征，涌现出各种新型的数据库系统，例如：数据库技术与分布处理技术相结合，出现了分布式数据库系统；数据库技术与并行处理技术相结合，出现了并行数据库系统；数据库技术与人工智能技术相结合，出现了知识库系统和主动数据库系统；数据库技术与模糊技术相结合，出现了模糊数据库系统等。这些新型数据库系统吸收、结合了其他计算机技术，从而形成了数据库领域的众多分支和研究课题，极大地丰富和发展了数据库技术。3面向应用领域的数据库新技术数据库技术被应用到特定的领域中，出现了数据仓库、工程数据库、统计数据库、空间数据库、科学数据库等多种数据库，使数据库领域的应用范围不断扩大。这些数据库系统都明显地带有某一领域应用需求的特征，广大数据库工作者针对各个领域的数据库特征探索和研制了各种特定的数据库系统，取得了丰硕的成果。不仅为这些领域建立了可供使用的数据库系统，有的已实用化，而且为新一代数据库技术的发展作出了贡献。