毕业论文外文翻译-图像的边缘检测.doc

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1、附：英文资料翻译图像的边缘检测To image edge examination algorithm research academic report AbstractDigital image processing took a relative quite young discipline, is following the computer technology rapid development, day by day obtains the widespread application.The edge took the image one kind of basic charact

2、eristic, in the pattern recognition, the image division, the image intensification as well as the image compression and so on in the domain has a more widespread application.Image edge detection method many and varied, in which based on brightness algorithm, is studies the time to be most long, the

3、theory develops the maturest method, it mainly is through some difference operator, calculates its gradient based on image brightness the change, thus examines the edge, mainly has Robert, Laplacian, Sobel, Canny, operators and so on LOG. First as a whole introduced digital image processing and the

4、edge detection survey, has enumerated several kind of at present commonly used edge detection technology and the algorithm, and selects two kinds to use Visual the C language programming realization, through withdraws the image result to two algorithms the comparison, the research discusses their go

5、od and bad points.对图像边缘检测算法的研究学术报告 摘 要数字图像处理作为一门相对比较年轻的学科, 伴随着计算机技术的飞速发展, 日益得到广泛的 应用. 边缘作为图像的一种基本特征, 在图像识别,图像分割,图像增强以及图像压缩等的领域中有 较为广泛的应用.图像边缘提取的手段多种多样,其中基于亮度的算法,是研究时间最久,理论发展最成熟的方法, 它主要是通过一些差分算子, 由图像的亮度计算其梯度的变化, 从而检测出边缘, 主要有 Robert, Laplacian, Sobel, Canny, LOG 等算子. 首先从总体上介绍了数字图像处理及边缘提取的概况, 列举了几种目前常用

6、的边缘提取技术和 算法,并选取其中两种使用 Visual C+语言编程实现,通过对两种算法所提取图像结果的比较,研 究探讨它们的优缺点.First chapter introduction1.1 image edge examination introduction The image edge is one of image most basic characteristics, often is carrying image majority of informations.But the edge exists in the image irregular structure and i

7、n not the steady phenomenon, also namely exists in the signal point of discontinuity place, these spots have given the image outline position, these outlines are frequently we when the imagery processing needs the extremely important some representative condition, this needs us to examine and to wit

8、hdraw its edge to an image. But the edge examination algorithm is in the imagery processing question one of classical technical difficult problems, its solution carries on the high level regarding us the characteristic description, the recognition and the understanding and so on has the significant

9、influence; Also because the edge examination all has in many aspects the extremely important use value, therefore how the people are devoting continuously in study and solve the structure to leave have the good nature and the good effect edge examination operator question.In the usual situation, we

10、may the signal in singular point and the point of discontinuity thought is in the image peripheral point, its nearby gradation change situation may reflect from its neighboring picture element gradation distribution gradient. According to this characteristic, we proposed many kinds of edge examinati

11、on operator: If Robert operator, Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, Laplace operator and so on.These methods many are wait for the processing picture element to carry on the gradation analysis for the central neighborhood achievement the foundation, realized and has already obtained the good processi

12、ng effect to the image edge extraction. . But this kind of method simultaneously also exists has the edge picture element width, the noise jamming is serious and so on the shortcomings, even if uses some auxiliary methods to perform the denoising, also corresponding can bring the flaw which the edge

13、 fuzzy and so on overcomes with difficulty.Along with the wavelet analysis appearance, its good time frequency partial characteristic by the widespread application in the imagery processing and in the pattern recognition domain, becomes in the signal processing the commonly used method and the power

14、ful tool.Through the wavelet analysis, may interweave decomposes in the same place each kind of composite signal the different frequency the block signal, but carries on the edge examination through the wavelet transformation, may use its multi-criteria and the multi-resolution nature fully , real e

15、ffective expresses the image the edge characteristic.When the wavelet transformation criterion reduces, is more sensitive to the image detail; But when the criterion increases, the image detail is filtered out, the examination edge will be only the thick outline.This characteristic is extremely usef

16、ul in the pattern recognition, we may be called this thick outline the image the main edge.If will be able an image main edge clear integrity extraction, this to the goal division, the recognition and so on following processing to bring the enormous convenience.Generally speaking, the above method a

17、ll is the work which does based on the image luminance information. In the multitudinous scientific research worker under, has obtained the very good effect diligently.But, because the image edge receives physical condition and so on the illumination influences quite to be big above, often enables m

18、any to have a common shortcoming based on brightness edge detection method, that is the edge is not continual, does not seal up.Considered the phase information in the image importance as well as its stable characteristic, causes using the phase information to carry on the imagery processing into ne

19、w research topic. In this paper soon introduces one kind based on the phase image characteristic examination method - - phase uniform method.It is not uses the image the luminance information, but is its phase characteristic, namely supposition image Fourier component phase most consistent spot achi

20、evement characteristic point.Not only it can examine brightness characteristics and so on step characteristic, line characteristic, moreover can examine Mach belt phenomenon which produces as a result of the human vision sensation characteristic.Because the phase uniformity does not need to carry on

21、 any supposition to the image characteristic type, therefore it has the very strong versatility.第一章 绪论1.1 图像边缘检测概论图像边缘是图像最基本的特征之一, 往往携带着一幅图像的大部分信息. 而边缘存在于图像的 不规则结构和不平稳现象中,也即存在于信号的突变点处,这些点给出了图像轮廓的位置,这些轮 廓常常是我们在图像处理时所需要的非常重要的一些特征条件, 这就需要我们对一幅图像检测并提 取出它的边缘. 而边缘检测算法则是图像处理问题中经典技术难题之一, 它的解决对于我们进行高 层次的特征描述

22、, 识别和理解等有着重大的影响; 又由于边缘检测在许多方面都有着非常重要的使 用价值, 所以人们一直在致力于研究和解决如何构造出具有良好性质及好的效果的边缘检测算子的 问题.在通常情况下,我们可以将信号中 的奇异点和突变点认为是图像中的边缘点,其附近灰度的 变化情况可从它相邻像素灰度分布的梯度来反映.根据这一特点,我们提出了多种边缘检测算子:如 Robert 算子,Sobel 算子,Prewitt 算子, Laplace 算子等.这些方法多是以待处理像素为中心的邻域作为进行灰度分析的基础,实现对图像 边缘的提取并已经取得了较好的处理效果. 但这类方法同时也存在有边缘像素宽, 噪声干扰较严重 等

23、缺点,即使采用一些辅助的方法加以去噪,也相应的会带来边缘模糊等难以克服的缺陷.随着小 波分析的出现, 其良好的时频局部特性被广泛的应用在图像处理和模式识别领域中, 成为信号处理 中常用的手段和有力的工具. 通过小波分析, 可以将交织在一起的各种混合信号分解成不同频率的 块信号,而通过小波变换进行边缘检测,可以充分利用其多尺度和多分辨率的性质,真实有效的表 达图像的边缘特征.当小波变换的尺度减小时,对图像的细节更加敏感;而当尺度增大时,图像的 细节将被滤掉,检测的边缘只是粗轮廓.该特性在模式识别中非常有用,我们可以将此粗轮廓称为 图像的主要边缘.如果能将一个图像的主要边缘清晰完整的提取出来,这将

24、对目标分割,识别等后 续处理带来极大的便利.总的说来,以上方法都是基于图像的亮度信息来作的工作. 在众多科研工作者的努力下,取得了很好的效果.但是,由于图像边缘受到光照等物理条件的 影响比较大, 往往使得以上诸多基于亮度的边缘提取方法有着一个共同的缺点, 那就是边缘不连续, 不封闭. 考虑到相位信息在图像中的重要性以及其稳定的特点, 使得利用相位信息进行图像处理成 为新的研究课题. 在本文中即将介绍一种基于相位的图像特征检测方法相位一致性方法. 它并不是利用图像 的亮度信息,而是其相位特点,即假设图像的傅立叶分量相位最一致的点作为特征点.它不但能检 测到阶跃特征, 线特征等亮度特征, 而且能够

25、检测到由于人类视觉感知特性而产生的的马赫带现象. 由于相位一致性不需要对图像的特征类型进行任何假设,所以它具有很强的通用性.1.2 image edge definition The image majority main information all exists in the image edge, the main performance for the image partial characteristic discontinuity, is in the image the gradation change quite fierce place, also is the sign

26、al which we usually said has the strange change place. The strange signal the gradation change which moves towards along the edge is fierce, usually we divide the edge for the step shape and the roof shape two kind of types (as shown in Figure 1-1).In the step edge two side grey levels have the obvi

27、ous change; But the roof shape edge is located the gradation increase and the reduced intersection point.May portray the peripheral point in mathematics using the gradation derivative the change, to the step edge, the roof shape edge asks its step, the second time derivative separately. To an edge,

28、has the possibility simultaneously to have the step and the line edge characteristic. For example on a surface, changes from a plane to the normal direction different another plane can produce the step edge; If this surface has the edges and corners which the regular reflection characteristic also t

29、wo planes form quite to be smooth, then works as when edges and corners smooth surface normal after mirror surface reflection angle, as a result of the regular reflection component, can produce the bright light strip on the edges and corners smooth surface, such edge looked like has likely superimpo

30、sed a line edge in the step edge. Because edge possible and in scene object important characteristic correspondence, therefore it is the very important image characteristic.For instance, an object outline usually produces the step edge, because the object image intensity is different with the backgr

31、ound image intensity.1.3 paper selected topic theory significanceThe paper selected topic originates in holds the important status and the function practical application topic in the image project.The so-called image project discipline is refers foundation discipline and so on mathematics, optics pr

32、inciples, the discipline which in the image application unifies which accumulates the technical background develops.The image project content is extremely rich, and so on divides into three levels differently according to the abstract degree and the research technique: Imagery processing, image anal

33、ysis and image understanding.As shown in Figure 1-2, in the chart the image division is in between the image analysis and the imagery processing, its meaning is, the image division is from the imagery processing to the image analysis essential step, also is further understands the image the foundati

34、on. The image division has the important influence to the characteristic.The image division and based on the division goal expression, the characteristic extraction and the parameter survey and so on transforms the primitive image as a more abstract more compact form, causes the high-level image ana

35、lysis and possibly understands into.But the edge examination is the image division core content, therefore the edge examination holds the important status and the function in the image project.Therefore the edge examination research always is in the image engineering research the hot spot and the fo

36、cal point, moreover the people enhance unceasingly to its attention and the investment.1.2 图像边缘的定义图像的大部分主要信息都存在于图像的边缘中, 主要表现为图像局部特征的不连续性, 是图像 中灰度变化比较剧烈的地方, 也即我们通常所说的信号发生奇异变化的地方. 奇异信号沿边缘走向 的灰度变化剧烈,通常我们将边缘划分为阶跃状和屋顶状两种类型(如图 1-1 所示).阶跃边缘中 两边的灰度值有明显的变化; 而屋顶状边缘位于灰度增加与减少的交界处. 在数学上可利用灰度的 导数来刻画边缘点的变化,对阶跃边缘,屋

37、顶状边缘分别求其一阶,二阶导数. 对一个边缘来说,有可能同时具有阶跃和线条边缘特性.例如在一个表面上,由一个平面变化 到法线方向不同的另一个平面就会产生阶跃边缘; 如果这一表面具有镜面反射特性且两平面形成的 棱角比较圆滑,则当棱角圆滑表面的法线经过镜面反射角时,由于镜面反射分量,在棱角圆滑表面 上会产生明亮光条, 这样的边缘看起来象在阶跃边缘上叠加了一个线条边缘. 由于边缘可能与场景中物体的重要特征对应,所以它是很重要的图像特征.比如,一个物体的轮廓通常产生阶跃边缘, 因为物体的图像强度不同于背景的图像强度.1.3 论文选题的理论意义论文选题来源于在图像工程中 占有重要的地位和作用的实际应用课

38、题.所谓图像工程学科是 指将数学,光学等基础学科的原理,结合在图像应用中积累的技术经验而发展起来的学科.图像工 程的内容非常丰富,根据抽象程度和研究方法等的不同分为三个层次:图像处理,图像分析和图像 理解.如图 1-2 所示,在图中,图像分割处于图像分析与图像处理之间,其含义是,图像分割是 从图像处理进到图像分析的关键步骤,也是进一步理解图像的基础.图像分割对特征有重要影响. 图像分割及基于分割的目标表达, 特征提取和参数测量等将原始 图像转化为更抽象更紧凑的形式, 使得更高层的图像分析和理解成为可能. 而边缘检测是图像分割 的核心内容, 所以边缘检测在图像工程中占有重要的地位和作用. 因此边

39、缘检测的研究一直是图像 技术研究中热点和焦点,而且人们对其的关注和投入不断提高.五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译，你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和CNKI“翻译助手。具体操作过程如下： 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基

40、本就明了了； 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的误导。四大工具： 1、Google翻译： google，众所周知，谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文，当然这方面的帖子很多，大家可以搜索，在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻

41、译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译，首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的，根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做，一般比较准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧，按中国人的办法，把一个一个词分着查出来，敲到google里，你的这种翻译一般不太准，当然你需要验证是否准确了，这下看着吧，把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索，你能看到许多相关的文献或资料，大家都不是笨蛋，看看，也就能找到最精确的翻译了，纯西式的！我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译： CNKI翻译助手，这个网站不需要介绍太多，可能有些人也知道的。主

42、要说说它的有点，你进去看看就能发现：搜索的肯定是专业词汇，而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应（因为它是CNKI检索提供的，它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的），很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧，它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用，当然省事了。网址告诉大家，有兴趣的进去看看，你们就会发现其乐无穷！还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸（不到1M）：4、有道在线翻译：翻译时的速度：这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度，按个人翻译速度看，打印版的快些，因为看电子版本一是费眼睛，二是如果我们用电脑，可能还经常时不时玩点游戏，或者整点别的，导致最终SPPEED变慢，再之电脑上一些词典（金山词霸等）在专业翻译

43、方面也不是特别好，所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本英汉科学技术词典，基本上挺好用。再加上网站如：google CNKI翻译助手，这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧（主要是写论文和看论文方面） 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人，在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章，这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文，而非看英文论文，但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看，我想它是有窍门的，个人总结如下： 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放，在看

44、论文时，对论文必须做到看完后完全明白（你重视的论文）；懂得其某部分讲了什么（你需要参考的部分论文），在看明白这些论文的情况下，我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来，或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记成本。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信，你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索，这个过程是我们对文章再回顾，而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时，将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细，而且中英文对照写的比较详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了，万事不是说成的，它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样，你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的，一遍不行，可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵，我想我是这么觉得的。