智能家居技术-毕业论文外文翻译.docx

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1、 Smart Home TechnologyLink your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology. Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is

2、 how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such devic

3、e.There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the residents life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order

4、 to enhance the residents convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assista

5、nt (PDA).Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident. That is, if the smart home can recognize the residents pattern of living or h

6、ealth, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the residents needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart ho

7、me would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the residents condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the residents location in the smart home or smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three typ

8、es according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods 8. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision se

9、nsors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar, which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method me

10、asures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sensors.Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active

11、Bats, do not recognize the residents location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the residents location if he or she is not carrying the device

12、. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the residents location without such devices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the residents privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance. Home automation has come a long

13、way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise! New technologies and product advances have made home technology

14、 systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now usin

15、g structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems. How it Works There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new hom

16、e or upgrading an existing home. Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. Its ideal for new construction but not always

17、 easy to install in an existing home. Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs. Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less r

18、eliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones. Power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be

19、 accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer. Phone-line networks use a homes telephone lines to carry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone

20、 line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in. While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good news is tha

21、t you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities. A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your homes various electronic systems. These include: Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one ni

22、ght, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. But why not take this experience further? Using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a movie button on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the blinds would cl

23、ose, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network. It would be

24、 equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home - something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want

25、 to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV. You could even monitor your childrens television and video-game habits, when youre not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming. Or you can simp

26、ly program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time. Security: Using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when youre away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn

27、on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend. To protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the

28、 case of an intruder. In the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house. Energy: Energy savings can be

29、realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and

30、drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms. Todays new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences tha

31、t combine IR temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors on the manufa

32、cturing floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control en

33、gineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control. When you leave for work in the morning, your house could check for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could u

34、se your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak. Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computeri

35、zed household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence

36、 of events. You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated f

37、amily portrait wall. The key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps: Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. Take into consideration your homes layout in terms of traffic and

38、 furniture. Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didnt, what do they wish they had done differently? Decide: What do you definitely want to be able to do? What is optional? Will you install the network your

39、self or leave it to a professional? What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs? Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a smart hom

40、eIntelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompasses an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings, including energy management systems and building controls. The function of Building Management Systems is central to Intelligent

41、 Buildings concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (not

42、ably staff movement and availability). The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast, and our lives are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is

43、also potentially immense. Smart home example At 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the background; the lights in your bedroom switch on; fading up to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee

44、machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you havent even got up yet.5 智能家居技术链接您家的灯光，娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。智能家居，是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来提供各种不同的智能服务。而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于两种方法：终端方式和非终端方式。终端方式需要一种

45、住户随身携带的设备，而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备。现在由于人人都想有一个方便，舒适，安全的居住环境，因此大家对于智能家居表现的越来越感兴趣。一般来说，智能家居旨在提供合适的智能服务来积极促进住户更好的生活，比如家务劳动，娱乐，休息和睡眠。因此，为了提高住户的便捷和安全，像家用电器，多媒体设备和互联网设备应通过家庭网络系统连接在一起。并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理（PDA）来控制或远程监控。尤其要注意的是，作为一种提供高质量的智能服务，目标应集中于定位服务，同时考虑人为因素，比如住户的生活方式，健康状况和居住感受。也就是说，如果智能家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况，那么家用电器应该能预见住

46、户的需要，并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务。例如，在一个被动的服务环境下，需要住户控制供热通风与空气调节系统（供暖，通风和空调），而智能家居将根据住户情况自动调节房间的温湿度。智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发到能够识别住户的位置。一般来说，室内定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型：三角测量，场景分析和接近方法。三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离。运用三角测量法的例子包括Active Badges，Active Bats和Easy Living，它们分别运用了红外传感器，超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的。场景解析法是检测一个场景内的特定着眼点。场景解析法的典型例子是使用直

47、流磁力跟踪器的MotiveStar，和使用无线局域网络LAN标准IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法则是以一组已知点中最接近的点近似作为定位点。接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的Smart Floor。另外，室内感应定位系统可以根据是否需要住户随身携带一种设备来分类。终端方式，例如Active Bats，不需要直接找到住户位置，但是可以感应到住户随身携带的设备位置，例如红外收发器或者射频识别技术（RFID）标签。因此，如果住户没有随声携带终端设备，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非终端方式如Easy Living和Smart Floor则不需要这种设备就能找到住户位置。然而，人们认为Easy Li

48、ving侵犯了住户隐私，Smart Floor则是扩展和维护都比较困难。家庭自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走。 Todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!今天的“智能”家庭自动调节热量，空气，光线，音频和视频房子周围分布，控制访问您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你锻炼。 新技术和产品的进步

49、使家居更负担得起的技术系统，并比以往任何时候都纳入主流家用系统集成。 According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the US are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.根据2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会，几乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正在兴建中