浅析丹尼尔、笛福及其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》Analysis of Daniel Defoe and his master work Robinson Crusoe.doc

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1、Analysis of Daniel Defoe and his master work Robinson Crusoe1. Introduction of the author and the background Daniel Defoe was born in the late 17th century. After the tremendous events of the 17th century, England entered a period of comparatively peaceful development. In the 18th century, the Europ

2、ean broke out industrial revolution. The main contradiction is between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The capitalism was generally established. And the social revolution also affected the literature style and the philosophy domain. England came into the age of enlightenment. People began to fi

3、ght the survivals of feudalism; at the same time they were prone to accept bourgeois relationships as rightful and reasonable relationships among people. Daniel Defoe was an important novelist in the English literature history. He was born in a small merchant family in London. He ran business in his

4、 early years. He was ever been in Spain, German, French, and Italy during this period. He had ever joined in the military of William Three who win the throne after the English bourgeoisie drove Stuart kings away in 1688. In 1692, Defoes business went bankrupt. He had to change his profession. After

5、he took part in his writing career, he was good at writing political essays and ironic poetry to fight against feudalism. He ever wrote essays to satirize the church. And he was punished by the government to the jail for 6 months. Defoes life was full of abundant experiences. He was from a lower bou

6、rgeoisie family. He devoted himself to his business, writing, and political movements all his life. However, he was not only a businessman, a writer, and a politician as we have known; he was also a jack-of-all-trade profited from his abundant life experience. His life was also full of frustration b

7、ecause of the bankrupted business and a frustrated political life. Defoe began to write novels when he was nearly 60 years old. Robinson Crusoe was an instant success, and Daniel Defoe became famous soon all over the Europe because of it.2. Brief introduction of the Robinson CrusoeIn the Robinson Cr

8、usoe, the author told about the adventurous and fantastic experience of Robinson. Robinson was the youngest son in his family. His parents wanted him to live a peaceful and quiet life because both of their elder sons had left them. However, Robinson was a man who loves adventure. His first voyage su

9、ffered a storm which made his ship submerged by the sea when he was only 19. But he didnt give up his dream of exploring. In his following expeditions, he has ever been to Africa, Morocco, and Brazil. During this period, he had accumulated some property. After these perils and adventures, he then de

10、termined to explore to Africa again to barter cheap trinkets for gold and procure slaves with his fellows. Unfortunately their ship came across a serious storm on the way to Africa and wrecked off the coast of an uninhabited island. All the sailors were dead except Robinson. He was taken to a desola

11、te island by the storm. From then on, Robinson began his unbelievable life on the island. Robinson had lived on the island for 28 years. During the 28 years, he experienced all kinds of difficulties: the poor living conditions; natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, and storm; disease; and u

12、nbearable loneliness. There he had to build house, hunt wild animals, plant crops for surviving. And he had to be accustomed to the climate on the island. At the same time, he must learn to how to protect him when the nature disaster and disease came across. Above all, the most difficult to him is t

13、o bear the long time loneliness. At first, he kept a diary everyday, until he saved a native who named Friday by Robinson. Finally, Robinson and his servant Friday left the island back to London under the help of a captain who he had ever saved. Robinson lived a normal life in London until many year

14、s later. He missed his island so much that he went back to the island he had ever lived for 28 years again. 3. Analysis of the novels theme and writing techniques No matter what kinds of evaluations the critics give, Robinson Crusoe is always a masterpiece which is popular with any class people arou

15、nd the world. There are two reasons why it is so famous. One is the articles theme, the other is Defoe broke out the traditional writing style; Robinson Crusoe is one of the important works of the early realistic novels in the English literature history. First, the reason why this work is so famous

16、is because of the novels theme: it compliments the spirit of the bourgeoisie. The hero of the novel is not only an ordinary worker, but also a capitalist and a colonist. On one thing, Robinson was born in a middle class family, he represented the ordinary people. His hard working, bravery, and deter

17、mined mind praised the lower class workers in some degree. Thats why the novel can be so popular even with the sailors, soldiers, merchants, and craftsmen. On the other thing, Robinson was a capitalist. His spirit of adventure and hardworking represented the bourgeoisie. For examples, when he stayed

18、 on the island alone, he said to himself that the entire island was owned to him, and when the Fridays father and some other Spanish came up, he felt he was the monarch of these men and he felt satisfied with his citizens obedience. Even after he went back to London, he returned to the island to ins

19、pect his citizens and rented the lands to the migrants. Robinson showed the capitalists spirits of adventuring and exploring, pursuing wealth and depriving. Second, the writing skill is also the reason why this work is so famous. Defoe broke out the traditional writing style, he used realistic writi

20、ng technique. Robinson Crusoe showed realism in three aspects. 1) First of all, this novel was based on the real experiences of Alexander Selkirk, who had been marooned in the island of Juan Fernandez off the coast of Chile and who had had lived here in solitude for five years. Defoe was amazed by h

21、is story and he was also very interested in it. So he changed the Alexanders experiences into an art work. Meanwhile Defoe wrote it in the first person which made the novel more authentic. And it also made the readers not only appreciate the art work, but also sense the heros behaviors and ideas in

22、his situation at the same time. 2) Second, there are specific dates and background in the novel which made the novel more realistic. For example, the author began the article with “I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a forei

23、gner of Bremen who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise and, leaving off his trade, lived afterward at York, from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were Robinson, a very good family in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but by the usual

24、 corruption of words in England and we are now called, nay, we called ourselves, and write our name Crusoe, so many companions always called me ”, we can conclude from this paragraph that the author not only told the readers the specific dates, places, but also his familys history. That made the art

25、icle not so much as a novel as a biography. 3) Finally, the author was adept in writing the specific details which can also make the novel seem more realistic. For example, when Robinson was trapped into the island, the author wrote specifically the things what Robinson took from the ship which wrec

26、ked by the island, such as the food, the wine, the timber, the clothes, the guns. And even the axes and the nails such trifles were also written by Defoe clearly. 4. Conclusion Daniel Defoe is one of the most important realistic writers in the English literature. Because of the effects of the enligh

27、tenment and the abundance life experiences, Defoe broke out the ancient traditional ideas of literature. In his works, he paid more attention on the daily life of the ordinary people. And thats one of the reasons why Robinson Crusoe is so important in the literature history. And Robinson is not only

28、 the representation of the hardworking capitalism but also the representation of the Romans sea culture_ exploring and adventure. The novel is also meaningful in the cultural domain. So there is no doubt that Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe is so popular around the world.生命列车The Train Of Life 1. 不久以前，

29、我读了一本书。书中把人生比作一次旅行。2. 人生一世，就好比是一次搭车旅行，要经历无数次上车、下车; 时常有事故发生; 有时是意外惊喜，有时却是刻骨铭心的悲伤 3. 降生人世，我们就坐上了生命列车。我们以为我们最先见到的那两个人-我们的父母，会在人生旅途中一直陪伴着我们。 4. 很遗憾，事实并非如此。他们会在某个车站下车，留下我们，孤独无助。他们的爱、他们的情、他们不可替代的陪伴，再也无从寻找。 5. 尽管如此，还会有其他人上车。他们当中的一些人将对我们有着特殊的意义。 6. 他们之中有我们的兄弟姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好友。我们还将会体验千古不朽的爱情故事。7. 坐同一班车的人当中，有的轻松旅行

30、。8. 有的却带着深深的悲哀 还有的,在列车上四处奔忙，随时准备帮助有需要的人 9. 很多人下车后，其他旅客对他们的回忆历久弥新 但是，也有一些人，当他们离开座位时，却没有人察觉。10. 有时候，对你来说情深义重的旅伴却坐到了另一节车厢。你只得远离他，继续你的旅程。11. 当然，在旅途中，你也可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己的车厢，去别的车厢找他 12. 可惜，你再也无法坐在他身旁，因为这个位置已经让别人给占了 .13. 没关系。旅途充满挑战、梦想、希望、离别 就是不能回头。因此，尽量使旅途愉快吧！14. 善待旅途上遇见的所有旅客，找出人们身上的闪光点。15. 永远记住，在某一段旅程中，有人会犹豫彷徨，

31、因为我们自己也会犹豫彷徨。16. 我们要理解他人，因为我们需要他人的理解。17. 生命之谜就是：我们在什么地方下车？坐在身旁的伴侣在什么地方下车？我们的朋友在什么地方下车？我们无从知晓 18. 我时常这样想：到我该下车的时候，我会留恋吗？我想我还是会的。和我的朋友分离，我会痛苦。让我的孩子孤独地前行，我会悲伤。 我执著地希望在我们大家都要到达的那个终点站，我们还会相聚 19. 我的孩子们上车时没有什么行李，如果我能在他们的行囊中留下美好的回忆，我会感到幸福。20. 我下车后，和我同行的旅客都还能记得我，想念我，我将感到快慰。21. 献给你, 我生命列车上的同行者, 祝您旅途愉快!1. Not

32、long ago, I read a book, in which a mans life was compared to a journey.2. The life of a man is just like a hitchhiking，during which many times we go up and down. Now and then things will happen accidently, some of which are to be unexpected excitement，while some heart-breaking sorrows. 3. When firs

33、t embraced the world，we are already on the train of life. We take it for granted that the first two persons, our parents, whom we are encountered with, will accompany us all the way.4. Sadly，things do not go on as we thought.Our parents will get off the train at a certain station，leaving us, bereft

34、and helpless.Their love and emotion to us and their irreplaceable company can be found in nowhere.5. However，there will be somebody else who will get on the train. Some of them will have special meaning to us.6. Some of them may be our siblings , relatives and friends, and we will also expereince th

35、e imperishable love.7. Some of our travelling companions are quite light-hearted on the way.8. While some may bear immense sorrow.Still some ,back and forth, are ready to hold out their hands for others who need help.9. Some people alight off the train, yet they are still kept in the mind of the oth

36、er passengers for long;some, to the opposite, leave their seats without being noticed.10. Sometimes, the one,who is dear to your heart, has huddled into another carriage. Nothing but one you can do is just to keep on going, far away from him.11. Of course, during the journey, you may stagger to anot

37、her carriage to look for him.12. Its a pity that you will never seat yourself beside him because the seat has been engaged by others. 13. Never mind. The journey is full of challenges,dreams, hopes and departures- but only one thing is that you cant turn back. So, have a good journey with heart and

38、soul.14. Show your good-will to all the passengers you are encountered with, and find the merits of theirs.15. Remeber that someone may oscillate just as we do in the journey.16. We should understand others just as we need others understanding.17. The enigma of life is：Where shall we get off the tra

39、in of life?And how about the companions beside us?And our friends?We dont know.18. Sometimes I think：When my time comes to get off the train，shall I miss it？I think I will.It is a suffering when I part with my friends.I will be sorry for leaving my kids going alone.I firmly hold that when we get to

40、the terminal，we will have another reunion.19. When my kids get on the train of life, they have only little luggage in their travelling bags. However,if I can leave the beautiful memory in them,I will be happy. 20. After getting off the train of life, I will be content if my fellow passengers will remember me and miss me.21. To you , the companions on my train of life.May you have a good journey!