《法语词汇与英语词汇教学.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《法语词汇与英语词汇教学.doc(4页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、法语词汇与英语词汇教学摘要: 词汇量是英语学习的基础和关键,英语词汇特别丰富,这是由很多因素造成的。在英语词汇的形成过程中,从法语中借用的词汇为最多,这些源自法语的词汇在拼写和读音方面都有不符合英语拼读规则的特点,很多学生在学习英语词汇的过程中,常会感到这些词汇既难读,又难记。本文从法语词汇的拼写和读音规则等方面入手,初步探索了法语词汇对英语教学的积极影响。关键词: 法语发音;法语词汇;英语教学1法语单词拼写和读音相一致事实上,法语的读音规则非常简单,通常在普通的法语字典里占一页的篇幅,法语单词的音标只有在字典中才会有完全的标注,为什么呢?因为法语的发音是有规则的,对法语稍加接触就会发现,法语
2、区别于英语最直观的地方就是在某些字母上面会有一些音符,诸如“,”之类的,这其实是用来确定字母发音的,所有带音符的字母发音都是唯一的,对于其它不带音符的字母,其发音会因在单词中位置的不同而不同,但也都是固定的,有规则的,利用规则就可以象拼汉语拼音一样来读法语单词。所以说,掌握了法语的发音规则,法语的拼读就算是解决了。即便给你一篇一个单词都不认识的文章,你也可以在不依赖其它任何帮助的情况把它读出来。比如在法语中字母g在e,i,y前面发3。所以,regime这个词在法语中的发音为reim,那就不难理解为什么政权这个词在英语中的发音是reii:m了。如果要知道了某个法语字母或字母组合的发音,遇到同样的
3、字母或字母组合时都可以照此发音。作为英语教师,如果能在教授英语单词的时候有能力并有意识地告知学生这些拼读规则,那么学生在英语词汇学习方面,会多了点触类旁通的感觉。2英语中的法语拼写方式英语中有很多词的拼写方式是直接来自法语,所以学生在碰到这类词的时候往往觉得它们的拼写和发音都不符合英语习惯,这个时候就需要老师给学生作出解释。如法语字母组合ch,发音:chef,brochure,mustache等;字母组合gue:vogue,fatigue,colleague,league等;字母组合eau:bureau,plateau,chapeau等;字母组合oir:memoir,reservoir,arm
4、oire等;字母组合que:unique,mosque,technique,cheque等等。英语中动物名词及其动物肉的不同表达方式,在英语中有一个很有趣的现象:许多家养动物同时有英语名称和法语名称。但表达活的动物用英语词,而表达动物肉则用法语词,因为当时的肉食者多为讲法语的贵族统治者。比如:ox/beef,cow/veal,sheep/mutton,pig/pork。2.1英语中与饮食相关的法语词举例法国的饮食文化有着悠久的历史和传统。法国的传统美食不仅以色,香,味,形俱佳而得到广泛赞誉,更重要的是,由此产生的独特的饮食文化已经成为法兰西文明发展历程中不可缺少的一部分。受法国饮食文化的影响,
5、大量与烹饪有关的词汇涌入到英语中。举一些例子:(1)Sauted Shrimps Brochette炸虾仁串,其中单词“Sauted”为“煎的、或炸的”食物“,Brochette”为法文“,串烧”之意。(2)Chicken Wing Aspic冻鸡翅,Aspic为法文,“咸肉冻”之意。另有类似字Asparagus in Aspic芦笋冻;Salmon in Aspic蛙鱼冻。又比如前菜(开胃菜)Appetizers法文为Hors doeuvre。开胃菜、冷盘之意。Hors doeuvre Varies什锦冷盘。(3)Smoked Salmon烟熏蛙鱼,Escargot Bourguignonn
6、e法国焗田螺,Escargot法文,食用埚牛。这些都在英语词汇中出现的法语词汇,学生如果能得到必要的总结和说明,英语词汇的学习理解力势必会增强。2.2关于er和re的拼写问题在学习英语的时候,很多学生很难分清有的单词的词末究竟是er还是re,其实re的拼写源于法语,在现代英语中大多数的拼写采用的都是er。比如说center这个词,在英式英语中仍采用centre的拼写方式,建议学生如果实在记不清词根,最好拼写成center,从而避免了疑惑。3英语中的法语习语习语是一种语言和文化的精华。在诺曼底征服后的300年间,作为英国上层社会交际工具的法语也给英语留下了许多脍炙人口的习语。如句子: Some
7、of the men have never done this kind of work before,so you ve got to be on the qui vive for any mistakes.其中的qui vive是法语中哨兵查问时的话语“什么人?”到了英语中就表示“警惕”,因此这句话则翻译为“这批人中有几个以前没有做过这类工作,所以你要注意看着,以防出错”。如习语a la carte(零点),cul-de-sac(死胡同),de trop(太多了),en route(在路上)等等。这些习语的拼写很显然不符合英语的习惯,要提醒学生在平时的学习中要注意积累。4结语如果从事英语教
8、学的老师能在平时的教学中能够站在学生的角度,多为学生着想,善于总结,和学生分享具有实践意义的学习方法,在学生对法语词汇的拼写和读音规则以及其他方面的知识有了一定的了解后,遇到源自法语的英语词汇时,对其生涩难记的拼写和发音就不会感到特别困难,对英语词汇发音与拼写之间的关系也会有更全面的认识,从而提高英语词汇学习的水平,在笔者看来,这未尝不是一个值得积极尝试的教学实践活动。参考文献:1(英)霍格,等.剑桥英语史M.北京:北京大学出版社,2002.2(英)弗里伯.英语史:从古代英语到标准英语M.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000.3Garland C A.History of the Englis
9、h LanguageM.http:/www.51lunwen.org/USA:court Brace Jovanovich,1972.4李赋宁.英语史M.北京:商务印书馆,1991.经典英语谚语100句1. All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。2. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。3. There are two sides to every question. 问题皆有两面。4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。5. Practice what you preach. 言行一致。6. Pride will have a
10、 fall. 教者必败。7. In prosperity think of adversity. 居安思危。8. Two heads are better than one. 一人计短,二人计长。9. Well begun is half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。10. Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。11. Speech is silver, silence is gold. 雄辩是银,沉默是金。12. As a man sows, so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。13. All good things come t
11、o an end. 天下没有不散的筵席。14. Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天。15. Even Homer sometimes nods. 智者千虑,必有一失。16. No competition, no progress. 没有竞争就没有进步。17. Its dogged that does it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。18. You can not eat your cake and have it. 鱼与熊掌,不可得兼。19. Providence is always on the side of the strong battalion
12、s. 天助强者。20. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。21. A miss as good as a mile. 差之毫厘,谬以千里。22. Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于空谈。23. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。24. An idle youth, a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。25. Better late than never. 亡羊补牢,为时未晚。26. Bitter pills may have wholesome effects. 良药苦
13、口。27. Do wrong once and youll never hear the end of it.一失足成千古恨。28. Easy come, easy go. 来得容易,去的快。29. Every man has his faults. 人无完人。30. God gives the milk, but not the pail. 上帝赐牛奶,桶要自己买。31. Art is long, life is short. 无生有涯,而知无涯。32. Live and learn. 活到老学到老。33. There is no royal road to learning. 学无坦途。3
14、4. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。35. From the sublime to the ridiculous is only a step. 荒谬离伟大只有一步。36. Take time by the forelock. 要抓住时机。37. Opportunity seldom knocks twice. 机不可失,失不再来。38. People do not lack strength. They lack will. 人们不缺少力量,他们缺少意志。39. No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。40. Where there is a wi
15、ll, three is a way. 有志者事竟成。41. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。42. All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。43. Everything comes to him who waits.只要耐心等待,一切都会到来。44. I am caught between the devil and the deep blue sea. 进退维谷。45. Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争。46. We are not born for ourselves. 人之有生,不为一己。47. One
16、 man, no man. 个人是渺小的。48. He who has knowledge has dignity and glory. 拥有知识,就拥有尊严与荣耀。49. If it were not for hope, the heart would break. 人靠希望活着。50. Music is the medicine of the breaking heart. 音乐是医治心灵创伤的妙药。51. He lives long that lives well. 活得好等于活的长。52. Calamity is mans true touchstone. 逆境是真正的试金石。53.
17、Beauty is but skin-deep. 外表美是肤浅的。54. Clothes do not make the man. 人不在衣装。55. Men may meet but mountains never. 人生何处不相逢。56. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。57. Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,顺其自然。58. Anything for a quiet life. 悠然自在最难求。59. He lives unsafely that looks too near on things. 人无远虑必有近
18、忧。60. A Light heart lives long. 静以修身。61. Without respect, love cannot go far. 没有尊敬的爱情难以长久。62. Manners make the man. 举止造人品。63. A hero is nothing but a product of his time. 时势造英雄。64. All for one, one for all. 人人为我,我为人人。65. A trouble shared is a trouble halved. 两人分担,困难减半 66. Nothing comes out of nothin
19、g. 无中不能生有67. The finest diamond must be cut. 玉不琢,不成器。68. Everything must have a beginning. 万事皆有开端69. He who would search pearls must dive below. 不潜深水不得珠。70. The wish is father to the thought. 心有所欲,脑有所思。71. Take little, but give much. 少索取,多奉献。72. Only the selfless can be fearless. 无私才能无畏。73. Little t
20、hings please little minds. 胸无大志,事事称心。74. A penny soul never comes to two pence. 心胸狭窄,一事无成。75. Happy is the man who learns from the misfortunes of others. 能从别人的不幸中吸取教训的人是幸福的。76. Good health is above wealth. 健康胜于财富。77. Genuine knowledge comes from practice. 实践出真知。78. Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰
21、高。79. Sow nothing, reap nothing. 春不播,秋不收。80. The highest towers begin from the ground. 万丈高楼平地起。81. To err is human. 人非圣贤,孰能无过。82. A burden of ones choice is not felt. 爱挑的担子不嫌重。83. Promise is debt. 一诺千金。84. Constant dropping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿。85. The force of the wind tests strength of the gra
22、ss. 疾风知劲草。86. Success belongs to the persevering. 胜利属于有毅力者。87. Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打,无往不胜。88. He that never climbed never fell. 只有不攀登的人才不会跌跤。89. No way is impossible to courage. 勇士面前无险路。90. Newborn caves are not afraid of tigers. 初生牛犊不怕虎。91. The shortest answer is doing. 最简短的回答是行动。92.
23、Business is the salt of life. 事业是人生的第一需要。93. Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。94. After a storm comes calm. 雨过天晴(苦尽甘来)。95. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. 不经灾难不知福。96. He goes far that never turns. 不回头的人走得远。97. The best is often the enemy of the good. 要求过高,反难成功。98. Quality matters more than quantity. 质比量重要。99. Learning without thought is labor lost. 学而不思,白费力气。100. Wasting time is robbing oneself. 浪费时间就是掠夺自己。
限制150内