新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程第三册Units1-5教案.docx

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1、Unit 1 Text A Never, ever give up!. Background Information 1. public schoolIn the UK (with the exception of Scotland), the term public school refers to a group of older, more expensive and exclusive fee-paying private schools, which cater primarily for children aged between 13 and 18. It is independ

2、ent of the state system in regard to endowment and administration. The typical great public school such as Eton, Harrow, and Winchester evolved from an institution founded by a single benefactor during the late European Middle Ages or the Renaissance. The curriculum from the beginning placed heavy e

3、mphasis on the Greek and Roman classics and continued to do so until well into the 20th century.In the US, public schools generally refer to elementary or secondary schools, offered to all children by the government and paid for, in whole or in part, by public funding from taxation. The term may als

4、o refer to institutions of post-secondary education funded, in whole or in part, and overseen by the government.2. Stanford Law SchoolIt is a graduate school at Stanford University. It was established in 1893 and is regularly ranked among the top three law schools in the United States, along with Ha

5、rvard Law School and Yale Law School.3. Winston ChurchillSir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) grew up as the son of a British noble. He attended a private school from age seven, and entered Harrow in 1888. He was not impressed with his education. Later he entered Sandhurst Royal Military College in 189

6、3, after three attempts to pass the entrance test. He joined the army in 1895.He was a British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, he served as prime mini

7、ster twice (1940-1945 and 1951-1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize for Literature (in 1953), and was the first person to be made an Honorar

8、y Citizen of the United States.4. Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein (1879-1955), born to a Jewish family in Germany, grew up in Munich and moved to Italy in 1894. As a boy, he was said to be slow in learning to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and a likewise great

9、 ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. After he left school, he went to Switzerland, where he graduated from university with a degree in mathematics. In 1905, Einstein published a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world. For the theories he established in

10、 his papers, he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Among the important discoveries Einstein made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity. He was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His discoveries and t

11、heories have greatly influenced science in many fields.5. Thomas EdisonThomas Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor, scientist and businessman. Edison had very little formal education as a child, attending school only for a few months. He was taught reading, writing, and arithmetic by his moth

12、er, but he was always a very curious child and taught himself much by reading on his own. This belief in self-improvement remained throughout his life.He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, pra

13、ctical electric light bulb. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. He is credited with numerous inventions that contrib

14、uted to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories a crucial development in the modern industrialized world.6. Sandra Day OConnorSandra Day OConnor (1930

15、- ,) is an American jurist who was the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States. She served as an Associate Justice from 1981 until her retirement from the Court in 2006.She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor of the US in 2009.7. StanfordCo

16、mmonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, it is an American private research university located in Stanford, California. Stanford is a founding member of the Association of American Universities, and one of the worlds leading research and teaching institutions.Its academic reputation, a

17、lumni, influence, and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.New Words 1. preclude vt. (fml.) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible 阻碍；阻止；妨碍Better options may come along later, and taking the first option will preclude them from being free for the later and better o

18、nes. 后面可能会出现更好的选择，选了第一个他们就无法自由选择后面更好的了。2. whereby ad. (fml.) used for saying that sth. is done according to the method, arrangement, rule, etc. that has been referred to 凭那个；借以Officials proposed a system of double-checking on traders whereby they would be obliged to list every item exported and impo

19、rted. 官员们提出了一个对贸易商进行复核的制度，这样贸易商将被迫列出进出口的每一个项目。3.patriotic a. feeling a lot of love, respect, and duty toward your country 爱国的；有爱国心的The Chinese people have a glorious patriotic tradition, and they are great peace-loving people. 中国人民具有光荣的爱国传统，是伟大的、热爱和平的人民。4.clear-cut a. definite and easy to understand

20、, recognize, or make a decision about 明确的；清楚的You have to be really clear-cut about who you are and what youre trying to achieve. 你必须真正清楚你是谁，你想达到什么目的。5.inhibit vt. make it difficult for a process to start or continue in a normal way 阻碍；妨碍；抑制This strict supervision of their activities will make them l

21、ess decisive and may inhibit them from giving orders or taking charge of the situation. 对他们行动的这种严密监控将使他们优柔寡断，还可能会妨碍他们发布命令、掌控局势。6. bypass vt. 1 avoid dealing with sb. or sth., esp. because you think you can achieve sth. more quickly without using them （做某事时）避开，越过（某人）A flexible plan can allow us to by

22、pass unnecessary tasks and ignore unimportant interruptions. 一个灵活的计划可以让我们避开不必要的任务，忽略不重要的干扰。2 avoid the center of a town or city by using a road that goes round it 绕过；绕走Roadways, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges could run through or bypass urban areas. 公路、桥梁、天桥和立体交叉道穿过或绕过城区。7. spur n. C sth. tha

23、t encourages sb. to do sth. 刺激；激励；鞭策；鼓舞The soccer teams manager said that the teams success on Saturday would be a spur which would lead to even greater effort this season. 这支足球队的经理说球队周六的胜利将会鼓舞球队在本赛季更加努力。vt.1 encourage sb. to do sth. 刺激；激励；鞭策；鼓舞The promise of bonuses or gifts can spur workers to hig

24、her achievement. 承诺给工人奖金或礼品可以激励他们取得更大的成绩。2 cause sth. to happen 使发生The discovery of diamonds and gold spurred wealth and immigration in this region. 钻石和黄金的发现使该地区财富激增，并引发了涌往该地区的移民潮。8.dedication n. U the large amount of time and effort that sb. spends on sth. 奉献；献身The volunteers dedication and support

25、 have been invaluable for the Art Associations funds and for managing them effectively. 在艺协基金及其有效管理上，志愿者的奉献和支持是非常宝贵的。9. commend vt. (fml.) 1 praise sb. or sth. formally or publicly （正式或公开）表扬，称赞，表彰I would like to commend you for the support you give with your excellent articles to rural artists and c

26、raftspeople. 我十分赞赏你通过精彩的文章而给予农村艺术家和手艺人的支持。2 tell sb. that a person or thing is good, useful, or suitable 推荐I dont usually commend everyone who does a good job; I only commend people who do an excellent job. 对工作干得好的人我不是都推荐，我只推荐工作成绩优异的人。10. endeavor n. C, U an effort to do sth., esp. sth. new or diffi

27、cult 努力；尽力Driving is a serious endeavor and all drivers must remain alert, awake, and aware to reduce the number of accidents on the roads. 驾车是一个严肃认真的行为，所有的司机都必须保持警觉，头脑清醒，尽力减少道路事故的发生。vi. (fml.) ( to do sth.) try very hard to do sth. 努力做（某事）；尽力做（某事）They endeavor to tell the stories behind each pictur

28、e, allowing visitors to see paintings of landscapes with a greater understanding. 他们尽力去讲述每幅画背后的故事，让参观者欣赏风景画时有更深层的理解。11.unprecedented a. 1 never having happened or existed before前所未有的；史无前例的The vice-president would take the unprecedented step of using federal money to raise the salaries of some teache

29、rs. 副总统将采取史无前例的措施，利用联邦基金来提高部分教师的工资。2 the greatest in size, amount, degree, etc. that has ever been known （大小、数量、程度等）前所未知的，空前的In the late 1950s, the slaughter of dolphins began on an unprecedented scale. 20世纪50年代后期，对海豚前所未有的大规模屠杀开始了。12.nominate vt. officially suggest that sb. should be given a job, or

30、 that sb. or sth. should receive a prize 提名；推荐The private schools director nominated Mr. Williams as his official representative at the conference. 在这次会议上，该私立学校的校董提名威廉斯先生为他的官方代表。13.maintain vt. make sth. stay the same; keep 保持；维持Only a few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulth

31、ood. 如今只有少数人能将友谊维持到成年了。14. transcend vt. (fml.) become free of negative attitudes, thoughts, or feelings that limit what you can achieve 超越，摆脱（消极的态度、思想或情绪）She was able to transcend her own suffering and help others. 她能够战胜自身的痛苦并帮助他人。15.handicap n. C1 a disadvantage that prevents you from doing sth. w

32、ell 障碍；不利条件Smoking is a known handicap to sleep. 人们已知吸烟对睡眠不利。2 (old-fashioned) a physical or mental injury or illness that is severe and permanent （身体或智力的）缺陷，残疾（该词现在被认为具冒犯义）Often some physical or mental handicap prevents a child from learning. 身体或智力上的某种缺陷常常妨碍孩子学习。Phrases and expressions1.remove sth.

33、 / sb. from sth.take sth. or sb. away from a place 移开；拿开；去掉；从机构开除The new computerized system removed 700 people from their jobs. 新系统的计算机化使得700人失去了工作。2. deviate from sth.be different from sth.; do sth. differently from what is usual or expected 背离；偏离；违背Those who deviate from one part of the plan are

34、almost certain to deviate from the whole in the end. 偏离部分计划的人最终几乎一定会背离整体计划。3. preclude sb. from doing sth.prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；妨碍某人做某事Better options may come along later, and taking the first option will preclude them from being free for the later and better ones. 后面可能会出现更好的选择，选了第一个他们

35、就无法自由选择后面更好的了。4. write sb. / sth. offdecide that sb. or sth. is a failure or not worth paying any attention to 认定失败（或没有价值、不可救药等）Dont write John off too soon; he may surprise you! 不要过早放弃约翰，他也许会出乎你的意料！5. fail in sth.not be successful in achieving sth. 做失败；未能做到Im sorry to tell you that your friend fail

36、ed in his attempt to get the position. 很抱歉地告诉你，你朋友争取得到这个职位的尝试失败了。6. triumph overdefeat sb. or sth.; be successful 打败；战胜；成功The Qin triumphed over six rival states and emerged as the only power posed to unify China. 秦国战胜了六国对手，成为统一中国的唯一强权。7.in (the) pursuit of sth.in the process of looking for or tryin

37、g to find sth. 在追求的过程中；在寻求的过程中Unfortunately, not every magazine is produced and edited in the pursuit of excellence. 遗憾的是，不是每本杂志的制作和编辑都力求卓越。8. work ones way to / through / intoachieve sth. gradually by working （通过努力）逐步达到He spent 16 years with one company and worked his way into a top management posi

38、tion. 他在一家公司干了16年，通过努力最后成为了公司高层。9. act asperform a particular role or function 充当；起作用My dictionaries act as great helpers in my study. 我的字典是我学习中的好帮手。10.fall downfail because of a particular reason or in a particular way 不足；不够好The local authority is falling down on the job of keeping the streets clea

39、n. 地方政府没能做好保持街道整洁的工作。.Structure Analysis:Part One(Paras. 1-2) : It introduces the theme question of the text: What is the secret of success? Part Two(Paras. 3-7) : examples to illustrate the secret of success. Part Three(Paras. 8): Conclusion: With hard work, determination, dedication , and preparat

40、ion , you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!.Detailed Study of the Text:1. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. (Para. 1) Meaning: Churchill was not a

41、good student. If he had not been from a famous family, he probably would have been dismissed from the school because of breaking the rules. Sentence structure note: “Had he not been ” 为倒装的虚拟条件句，相当于“If he had not been ”。在书面语中， 条件从句可以不用连词if, 而将谓语中的had, were 或should 等移至主语之前，构成倒装。例如： Had it not been for

42、 his help, I would never have completed the project. 要不是他帮忙，我完不成这个项目。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 你要是处于我这个位置，你也会这样做的。 Should you be passing, do come and see us. 如果你经过这里，一定要来看我们。 2. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the

43、university. (Para. 1) Meaning: Fortunately, he graduated from Harrow and his mistakes there did not keep him from going to college. 3. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. (Para. 1) Meaning: Finally he joined the army, and then his outstanding army car

44、eer made it possible for him to be elected prime minister. 4.Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. (Para. 3) Meaning: Personal experience, educational background or individual difficult situations nothing can pr

45、event a person with a strong will from succeeding. 8 No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. (Para. 3) Meaning beyond words: A person with a strong will is not fearful of any difficult task and is willing to put in lots of time and hard effort to get prepared for

46、his goal. Sentence structure note: “No too ” 是一种强调句型。例如： No job is too small. 没有任何一种工作是微不足道的。 9. His background was certainly not glamorous. (Para. 4) Meaning: His background was actually very plain. 10. He failed in business twice, suffered a nervous breakdown when his first love died suddenly and

47、lost eight political elections. (Para. 4) Meaning: He tried to run a business twice, neither of which was successful. He experienced a serious emotional and psychological collapse when his first love died suddenly, and he failed in eight political elections. 11. Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only

48、 those who keep their eyes on the prize, those who uphold a committed and focused will and spirit, will find their endeavors successful. (Para. 5) Meaning: Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only those who stay focused on their goal and concentrate their will and spirit on their work, will finally achieve success through their sustained efforts. Note: keep ones eyes on the prize: stay focused on the end result; not let small problems get in the way of good results 执著地追求成功 I know its difficult going to class after work, but just keep your eyes on the prize.