精馏分离技术及进展(续)毕业论文外文翻译.doc

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1、The Method of the Distillation and Develolment( Continuced)ZHAO JinqvinclLIU Ioncl,WANG lu1,ZHANG W ei-wei，SUN Lanlanr7Research Institute of Daqing Petrochemical Company,Daqing 163714，China；2Department of Petrochemical Engineering，Daqing Petroleum Institute，Daqing 163714，China)Abstract：This paper co

2、nsuls the foundation of a great deal of literature，it emphasizes tO introduce many distillationmethods and industrial application，and the current development situationIt compares extractive distillation and constantboiling distillation，and introduces development of catalytic distillation technologyK

3、ey W ords：Separation technOlOgy：distil1atiOn method；reactive distillation1Industrial application of an extractive distillation Extractive Distillation commonly used in industry butene / butadiene, and other components of C 4 gases. Separation of the two sets of devices C4 domestic law and the ACN so

4、lvent DMF method are very large, a solvent extraction tower than in the 7 to 8, not only energy, high solvent consumption, and the extractive distillation of liquid load is high, reducing the tower production capacity and the tray efficiency, the actual number of trays increases, offset by the incre

5、ase after adding the relative volatility of the solvent so that the effect of reducing the required number of trays. Moreover, since the on-board liquid load, easy to flooding and reduce the tower to allow operation of vapor-liquid load. Therefore, the extractive distillation column generally low pr

6、oduction capacity. In the extractive distillation process routes and inconvenience to change the case of the solvent, using a new type of tray efficiency within the component, is to improve the extractive distillation capacity of an effective strategy. If more than in recent years developed compound

7、 slant-hole overflow plate can replace the original valve tray to increase production capacity. Various separation methods developed in recent years the combination of separation between the process, extractive distillation is all about. For example, if the separation of aqueous alcohol by extractiv

8、e distillation and azeotropic distillation combined, can better play the extractive distillation of low energy consumption, the advantages of high purity. First, extractive distillation using high purity alcohol solution, and then obtained after azeotropic distillation of alcohol products of high pu

9、rity, this method than separate extractive distillation or azeotropic distillation process from energy consumption and ease of operation control General aspects to be good. 2 azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation comparison Some material separation system can be used both azeotropic di

10、stillation, extractive distillation can also be used, choice of study competing mode of operation, need to make the following considerations: azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation are separated in the mixture add a third component to improve the relative volatility between components,

11、it is common ground between the two, but they also are differences in the question: (1) azeotropic agent is separated with the azeotrope forming components, and extraction agent is no such requirement, therefore the range of choice than the extraction solvent azeotropic agent wide. (2) azeotropic ag

12、ent from the azeotropic distillation of the distillation tower, while the extraction solvent discharged from the extractive distillation column in the bottom, so in general azeotropic distillation of the calories consumed more large extractive distillation, only the constant boiling component conten

13、t of less entrainment agent when the difference will narrow. (3) a certain total pressure azeotrope composition, the temperature is constant, so the use of azeotropic agents have specific requirements; and the amount of extraction agent can change within a certain range, more flexible. (4) Rectifica

14、tion of the operating temperature is usually lower than the extractive distillation, so when the presence of heat-sensitive components, the use of azeotropic distillation is more appropriate. Reactive distillation was first used methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE

15、), such as synthetic process, is now widely used in esterification, isomerization, alkylation, composite process, Selective hydrogenation of olefins, oxidative dehydrogenation, C l chemical and other reactions. However, the application of reactive distillation process has its limitations, it only ap

16、plies to chemical reactions and distillation processes at the same temperature and pressure can be carried out within the process. In addition, the coupling reaction and distillation process, there are many issues, such as fine chemical production of non-steady-state characteristics of batch reactiv

17、e distillation, reactive distillation process and the best match, solid catalyst deactivation due to operational difficulties to develop generic reactive distillation process simulation software and design methods, etc., have yet to be studied further. Therefore, the current research on reactive dis

18、tillation focused on the choice of catalyst, the catalyst loading in the form, the reaction within the distillation reaction kinetics, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics research, reactive distillation process optimization and how to identify the fine response boiling liquid in the process of balanc

19、e to guide industrial production.精馏分离技术及进展(续)赵晶莹 ， 刘龙 ， 王璐 ， 张微微 ， 孙兰兰(1大庆石化分公司研究院，黑龙江 大庆163714； 2大庆石油学院化工系 大庆 163714)摘要：本文在参考大量文献的基础上，着重介绍了各种精馏方法及其工业应用、国内外发展状况，对萃取精馏和恒沸精馏方法进行比较，并对催化精馏技术的国内外研究进展做了详细介绍。关键词：分离技术：精馏方法： 反应精馏中图分类号：TQ0281 3 文献标示码：A 文章编号：l0094725(2005)7-0022061萃取精馏的工业应用工业上常用萃取精馏分离丁烯丁二烯等 多组

20、分C 4气体。国内分离C4的两套装置ACN法和DMF法的溶剂量都很大，一萃塔溶剂比在78，不仅能量、溶剂消耗高，且萃取精馏塔内液体负荷很高，降低了塔的生产能力和塔板效率，使实际塔板数增加，抵消了由于加入溶剂后提高相对挥发度使所需塔板数减少的效果。而且， 由于板上液体负荷大，容易液泛， 降低了塔操作的允许汽液负荷。因此，萃取精馏塔的生产能力一般较低。在萃取精馏工艺路线以及溶剂不便改动的情况下，采用高效新型的塔板内构件，是提高萃取精馏塔生产能力的有效策略。如近年来开发出来的多溢流复合斜孔塔板就可以代替原有的浮阀塔板以提高生产能力。近年来开发的各种分离方法之间相结合的分离技术过程中，对萃取精馏亦如此

21、。例如分离醇水溶液如果采用萃取精馏与恒沸精馏结合，就可以较好地发挥出萃取精馏能耗低、产品纯度高的优点。首先利用萃取精馏得到纯度较高的醇溶液，然后经过恒沸精馏制得高纯度的醇产品，这种方法比单独的萃取精馏或恒沸精馏流程从能耗和操作控制难易综合方面都要好。2恒沸精馏和萃取精馏的比较一些物系的分离既可以用恒沸精馏，也可以用萃取精馏，究竞选择何种操作方式，需要作以下考虑：恒沸精馏和萃取精馏都是在被分离的混和物中加入第三组分，以提高组分间的相对挥发度，这是两者的共同点，但他们之问也存在如下差异：(1)恒沸剂要与被分离组分形成恒沸物，而萃取剂无此要求，因此萃取剂选择的范围较恒沸剂广。(2)恒沸剂从恒沸精馏塔

22、的塔顶蒸出，而萃取剂从萃取精馏塔的塔底排出， 因此一般说来恒沸精馏的热量消耗较萃取精馏大，只有恒沸剂夹带含量较少的组分时，这一差别才会缩小。(3)一定总压下恒沸物的组成、温度是恒定的， 因此恒沸剂的使用量有特定要求；而萃取剂的用量可在一定范围内变化，较为灵活。(4)恒沸精馏的操作温度通常比萃取精馏低，故当有热敏性组分存在时， 采用恒沸精馏更合适。反应精馏最早应用于甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)和乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE)等合成工艺中，现已广泛应用于酯化、异构化、烷基化、叠合过程、烯烃选择性加氢、氧化脱氢、C l化学和其他反应过程。但是反应精馏过程的应用是有其局限性的，它只适用于化学反应和精馏过程可在同样温度和压力范围内进行的工艺过程。此外，在反应和精馏相互耦合过程中，还有许多的问题，如精细化工生产的间歇反应精馏非稳态特性、反应和精馏过程的最佳匹配、固体催化剂失活引起的操作困难、开发通用的反应精馏过程模拟软件和设计方法等方面，都有待进一步研究。因此，当前对反应精馏的研究主要集中在催化剂的选择、催化剂的装填形式、反应精馏塔内的反应动力学、热力学和流体力学的研究、反应精馏的工艺优化以及如何找出反应精馏过程中的气液平衡关系， 以指导工业化生产。