英美文学整理版.doc

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1、English and American Literature and the Selected Readings 1. Choose the best answer .Charles Dickens is a great writer in the A A. Victorian Age B. Renaissance C. Romantic period D. 20th century2. Fill in the blanks. (1) _Beowulf is the representative works in the Anglo-Saxon Literature.(2) Humanism

2、 is the central theme of the English Renaissance.3.Say true or false. (1) Beowulf is written by Chaucer. F(2) Early English drama includes Miracle Play, Mystery Play and Morality Play TExamples for Terms and Questions4. Explain the literary terms. (1) Realism (2) Romanticism Chapter One The Making o

3、f England Chapter Two Beowulf Early English Literature (4501050) Important PointsAnglo-Saxon Period Early English Literature History Literature Britons & Britain FeaturesRoman Conquest BeowulfEnglish Conquest Other works Old EnglishThe Making of EnglandThe English people are not one origin but a mix

4、ed blood.Early InhabitantsBritons Britaina tribe of Celts the land of Britonsprimitive people the tribal societyclustering of hutsThe Roman Conquest 55 B. C.Julius Caesar, the Roman conquerorBritons fought fiercely 43 A. D. a Roman provinceBritain was under control completely by the Roman Empire in

5、78 A. D.The Roman Conquestbeginning of 5th century: declining of the Roman EmpireIn 410 A. D. 400 years of occupationRomans withdrew.Influence: Britons, trodden (trampled践踏) down as slaves or cultivators of the land Buildings of Roman style for Roman conquerors Highways or Roman roads for military p

6、urposes Highways or Roman roads for military purposes Christianity introducedThe English Conquest and Old English During the Roman Conquest, swarms (crowds, a number of ) of pirates (海盗) came from Northern Europe .Angles England people: EnglishSaxons 7 small kingdoms 7th. C United into One Kingdom L

7、and: Angle-landJutes Language: Anglo-SaxonOldEnglishWhat is the Social Condition of the Anglo-Saxons?before the settlement after the settlementthe tribal society organs of statefamilies united by kinship(血族关系) kingship (君王统治)chiefs and warriors the military commanderchiefs bread;the booty (plunder战利

8、品) The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.power of life and death;close relationship What is Anglo-Saxon religious belief?1. The Anglo-Saxons were heathen (异教徒) people, believing in old mythology of Northern Europe.2. English language was influenced by the Nor

9、thern mythology.3. The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century. The monks in the monasteries(修道院)maintained to tinge (affected slightly) the earliest works when copied them.Anglo-Saxon Literature2 groups：the pagan poetry Beowulf the religious poetry Caedmon Cynewulf8th century, Anglo-Saxo

10、n proseAlfred the Great, Venerable Bebe Caedmon: Paraphrase of the Bible, CynewulfCynewulf: The ChristAlfred the Great: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Venerable Bebe: The Ecclesiastical History of the English PeopleBeowulf贝尔武甫1. Beowulf is a national epic of English people2. It is the representative wor

11、ks of the early English literature with 3000 lines. 3. Its writer is unknown.What is the plot of the story?Characters in the story:Beowulf: a nephew of king of Gents, a people in Denmark.Hrothgar: king of Denmark. Grendel: a monster.She-monster(女妖怪): Grendels mother. Dragon: a fire dragon, a monster

12、.l 1. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo Saxon from their primitive Northern Europe.l 2. Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.l 3. Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.l 4. Beowulf tells many marvelous stories.front: stormy northern ocean back: impenetrable(不能通过的

13、) forestsmonsters beneath the sea,in the marshes in the dark forests exploits (brave deeds) and voyages against the forces of naturel 5. Beowulf is a grand hero.l 1) brave deeds2) faithful to his peoplel 6. Beowulf reflects the features of the tribal society of ancient times.What are the writing fea

14、tures of Beowulf?1. The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form. 2. Another is the frequent use of metaphors and understatements(暗含的意义) for ironical humor.Metaphors: ring-giver: king hearth-companions: attendant warriors whales road: seasea-wood: ship Understatement: not tr

15、oublesome: very welcomeSummary for the Literary Works:OthersMinstrels（吟游诗人） 1. Widsith 2. Deors Lament(哀歌) love 1. The Husbands Message 2. The Wifes Complaintsea adventures 1. Sea Farer (sailor) 2. The WandererLiterary Features of the Anglo-Saxon Period1) secular(非宗教的) poetry, non religious poems bu

16、t with Christian coloring;2) created collectively and orally;3) based on history, legend or events of the time;4) for entertainment;5) for the minstrels吟游诗人as a paying profession;6) unknown writers, written down by the monks in the 10th century.Choose the right answer.n 1.The early inhabitants in th

17、e island we now call England were _b_.A. Celts B. Britons C. Britain D. English2. In 55 B. C., Roman troops led by _a_ invaded Britain.A. Julius Caesar B. Claudius C. King Alfred the Great D. William3.The Roman occupation in Britain lasted for about _c_ years.A. 200 B. 300 C. 400 D. 5004.Old English

18、 came into being by the _d_ century.A. 4th B. 5th C. 6th D. 7th 5.In _b_ Britain became a Roman province.A. 55 B. C. B. 43 A. D. C. 410 A. D. D. 787 A. D.6.The Anglo-Saxon period ended in _d_.A. 1017 B. 1042 C. 1016 D. 10667._a_ is an early English poem about the life of the gleeman.A. “Deors Lament

19、” B. “The Wifes ComplaintC. “The Husbands Message” D. “The Seafarer” 8._c is an early English poem about love.A. “Deors Lament” B. “Widsith” C. “The Husbands Message” D. “The Seafarer” 9. _b_ is an early English poem about the adventures of the sea.A. “Deors Lament” B. “The Wanderer” C. “The Husband

20、s Message” D. “Beowulf” 10. _d_ is the representative work of the early English literature.A. “Deors Lament” B. “The Wanderer”C. “The Husbands Message” D. “Beowulf”11.Grendel is a monster described in _c_.A. “Deors Lament” B. “Widsith” C. Beowulf D. “The Seafarer” Complete the sentences.1. English l

21、anguage in the Anglo-Saxon period was influenced by the Northern _ mythology 2. The Anglo-Saxon poetry belongs to secular poetry, that is non-religious poems_ but with Christian coloring.3. _ Alliteration is the most important feature in Beowulf. 4. Another writing feature in Beowulf is the frequent

22、 use of metaphors_and understatements_for ironical humor.Exercises1. How does Old English come into being? 2. Comment on Beowulf. 3. What are the features of Anglo-Saxon literature? 4.Preview the medieval English Literature, Langland, Chaucer.English Ballads Oral Literature Most of the written liter

23、ature in feudal England was intended only for upper classes. The English people had a literature of their own, not written but oralEnglish folk songs.The Balladsl The most important department of English folk literature is the balladl What is a ballad?l A ballad is a story told in song, usually in _

24、 4-line stanzas, with the _ second and fourth_lines rhymedFeatures of English Balladsl 1. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects.l 2. They were created collectively and revised when handed down from mouth to mouth.l 3. They are mainly the literature of the peasants.l 4. They give a

25、n outlook of the English common people in feudal society.The Subjects of English Ballads Variety in kind: 1. struggle of young lovers 2. the conflict between love and wealth 3. the cruelty of jealousy 4. the criticism of the civil war 5. the matters of class struggle6. the ballads of Robin HoodThe R

26、obin Hood Balladsvarious ballads of Robin Hood The Geste of Robin Hood (act, deed)valiant (brave) outlaw(逃犯) description of the whole life of the heroarchery(射箭), greenwood tree,take from the rich, give to the poor,wage war, hunted by the sheriffs, outwits(智胜)1. The Origin of the Robin Hood Balladst

27、he perpetual (continuous)struggles of the peasantsthe landlords against the local official the kings judgesrobbed only the rich, never molested the poor invincible (战无不胜的) archers (弓箭手) tireless (不屈不挠的) idol(偶像)of the country folk saintlike (圣人一样的) hero2. Character of Robin Hoodstrong, brave, clever

28、, tender-hearted, affectionate,humorous, hearty laughreverence (respect) for the King hatred for the nobles love for the poorfighting spirit, indomitable courage, revolutionary energydevout(虔诚), orthodox(正统) in religionRead the following.1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as t

29、he barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _ ballads 2. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _ CA. Morte dArthur B. Robin Hood C. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the PlowmanFeudal England Revision on Early English

30、 Literature Fill in the blanks.1. In 55 B. C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar , the Roman conqueror. Along with the invasion came the Roman mode of life_ into Britain.2. The _ Anglo-Saxon_ period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.3. the first Englishmen are usually known

31、as _ Angles, Saxons and Jutes Language spoken by them is called_ Old English_, which is the foundation of English language and literature.4. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, _ pagan and Christian.5. Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic in the English langu

32、age. Choose the right answer.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years in Britain, and in _d_, all the Roman troops went back to their continent and never returned.A. 55 B. C. B. 78 A. D. C. 400 A. D. D. 410 A. D. _c_is the first important religious poet in English literature.A. John Donne B.

33、George Herbert C. Caedmon D. Milton When we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is _d_, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning. A. Shakespeare B. Beowulf C. Julius Caesar D. Venerable Bebe Chapter Three

34、Feudal England Important Points 1. The Influence of Norman Conquest on the English Language 2. The Content of Romance 3. Malorys Le Morte DArthur 1) The Norman Conquest1) Danish Invasion 2) The Norman Conquest3)The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageThe Norman Conquest (The Dani

35、sh Invasion)1. about 787 Danish Vikings (海盗) plundering first, then permanent settlements(849901)King Alfred the Great Chronicle编年史1) education and literature a monument of Old English prose2) from Latin into English2. 1013, Danes again, 30 years occupationThe Norman Conquest in 1066 battle in Hasti

36、ngs The Normans, from Northern France, Duke Williamrevolts suppressed;conquest completed; King of EnglandThe Norman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon period. The Norman ConquestNorman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon established the feudalism The “Domesday Book” 地籍簿confiscated the lands（没收） Anglo-Saxon l

37、ords(贵族)a great survey bestowed (赠送给) William I pushed England into the feudal societThe Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Languageo After the Conquest, the body of customs and ideals known as chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. o The Knightly code, the romantic intere

38、st in women, tenderness and reverence (respect) paid to Virgin Mary were reflected in the literature.The Anglo-Saxons, low position; English, despised thing.French words of Warfare and chivalry, art and luxury, science and law, began to come into the English language. at firstLiterature language spe

39、aker Romances French nobles, lordsNo written English English subject(臣民) chronicles,religious poems Latin scholar The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Languagethe end of the 14th century English, dominant language English structure, English common words English absorbed almost the who

40、le body of French words and became the language of the land.Feudal EnglandSocial FeaturesClasses landlords /peasants It was William I who pushed England into the feudal societyruling the King the Kings office church government/ secular governmentheretics burnt aliveThe Miseries of the Peasants paupe

41、rized1. better than slaves 2. Black Death (13481349)3. A Statute (法令) of Laborers (1350) low wages4. The war between England and France40 years, expenditure (cost)5. A poll-tax (人头税)The Rise of 1381: the rise of peasantsn Where there is depression, there is fight.n The leader of the Rise of 1381 wer

42、e Wat Tyler and John Ball. n The Rising was treacherously and bloodily repressed. n But the rise had shaken the feudal system in England to the root.John Balls Famous Sermon:neither vassals nor lords no more master equality velvet, rich stuffs, ermine貂皮poor clothing poor and richwines, spices, fine

43、breadwater, rye, junk food miserable lifehandsome seats and manors庄园brave the wind and the rain working in the fieldJohn Balls Famous Sermon: What does the sermon tell us? The oppressed had a miserable life, having a quite different way of living with the oppressors in clothing, eating, drinking and

44、 housing. So they should fight for equality with the oppressors to have a happy life. John Balls famous sermon(布道,说教) What is the sermon essence (实质,本质)? The sermon was not an appeal (呼吁,要求) to the oppressors to mend their way (改过自新), but a call to action directed to the oppressed. In a word, it is a call to fight for equality with the oppressors.The Romance1The literature in feudal England was varied in interest and extensive in range.2 The Norman began to write histories or chronicles.3Most of them were written in Latin or Fren