高中英语名词从句习题精解.docx
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1、一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, who, whom,whose,which. whatever,whoever,whichever连接副词:when,where,how,why引导词的选择方法:看成分-辩词性 看语境-找具体1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoev
2、er以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一
3、般用单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It+be+名词+that从句(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that2.宾语从句名词句用作
4、宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodin nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不
5、好。注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。2.应注意从句语序要用陈述语序。(与特殊疑问句不同 如 What has he told you?)例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehast
6、oldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。例如:Whetherthereis
7、lifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)hehasstudiedEnglishsinc
8、e1998.(从句用现在完成时)当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica5(略).think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:Wedontthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做
9、。3.表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如:Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemiss
10、edthetrainbyoneminutethismorning四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.whether eg:The ques
11、tion whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor3.连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears 2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste. 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位
12、语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时又在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语或表语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述先行词的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:1) The news that he told me is
13、that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面考点1:连接词:A:that与what的区别Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Thatanewteacherwillcometoourschoolistrue.
14、that只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任何成分what既有连接作用,又要在从句中作成分(主语,宾语,表语)(按句意灵活翻译)Fillintheblanksusing that/what1).Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo2)._hesaidsomadeusangryB:what(什么)/which(表从指定范围中选择,哪一个)1.-Doyouknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Imnotsureof_.2.Ireadaboutitinsomeboo
15、korother,doesitmatter_itwas?考点2.考查whether与if的区别a.主语从句、表语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether,不能用if;._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhereWehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimto studyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatThequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.b.
16、后面紧跟ornot时,用whetherHeaskedmewhetherornotIcouldgowithhim.考点3.选择填空(what,whatever,who,whoever)一般说来,(1) what类词(who/which/whom/when/where/how):有疑问意义,表示特指概念,充当成分。(2) whatever类词(whoever/whichever/whomever/whenever/wherever):有意义, “凡是的,无论的,所有的”),无疑问意义,表示泛指概念;充当成分。相当于anyonewho,anythingthat,anyonethat/who,anyt
17、imewhen,anyplacewhere._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever-Couldyoudomeafavour?-Itdependson_itis.A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whateverThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whicheverEat_cakeyoulikeandleavetheother
18、sfor_comesinlate.A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever考点:it作形式主语,形式宾语的用法Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.theseIlike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one考点5考查名词性从句的语序问题(从句一定用陈述语序)他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstil
19、lapuzzle.(F)Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(T)Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears. A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklike C.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike考点6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 should + do1.动词:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order,command);三项要求(demand,require,request);四条建议(suggest,propose,advise,recommen
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