试谈基于工作过程的高职院校俄语专业教学改革研究中英文对照.doc

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1、 试谈基于工作过程的高职院校俄语专业教学改革研究中英文对照Try to talk about teaching reform in higher vocational colleges based on the working process of the Russian professional study contrast in both Chinese and English一、现阶段高职院校俄语教学存在的问题A Russian education, higher vocational colleges at present stage existence question 高职院校应用

2、俄语专业以培养学生的听、说、读、写、译五项基本能力为基础，为学生在今后涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流打下基础。但是在实际的教学中，却发现学生缺乏学习兴趣，积极性不高，缺少主动学习的精神。究其原因，学生普遍认为：学习的知识在实际工作用不上，书本的理论知识脱离实际的工作需要。Russian professional application in higher vocational colleges to cultivate the students listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation of the fi

3、ve basic skills as the foundation, the daily activities for the students in the future communicate and simple oral and written communication in business activities to lay the foundation. But in the actual teaching, I find students lack interest in learning, enthusiasm is not high, the lack of the sp

4、irit of active learning. Investigate its reason, is generally believed that: learning knowledge in real work, not to use the book of the theory of knowledge from the actual work needs. （一）学生学习的现状：学生综合知识贫乏，口语表达能力差，职业能力欠缺(a) students learning status: poor students comprehensive knowledge, oral English

5、 ability is poor, lack of professional ability 学生在学校经过三年专业知识的学习，表面看学习了很多专业课程，掌握了必要的专业知识，可是走上工作岗位，对于企业所需人才来说仅仅是半成品。学生进入经贸公司、导游公司后，发现所学知识根本不能满足实际工作的需要，俄语交际能力和沟通能力欠缺，对于商务、国际贸易业务、导游业务流程的主要环节、业务文件和工作流程也不能够胜任。所以进一步提高应用俄语专业学生综合素质、及时发现俄语教学中的问题并采取相应措施提高教学质量显得十分迫切。Students in the school after three years of p

6、rofessional knowledge learning, learned a lot of professional courses, the surface has mastered the necessary professional knowledge, but, to be going to work for enterprise talent needed is only semi-finished products. Students enter the economic and trade company, tour guide company, found that kn

7、owledge cannot meet the needs of practical work, Russian language communication skills and communication ability, for business, international trade business, the main steps of business process, business documents, and guide work flow also is not to be able to do. So further improve the application o

8、f Russian Russian education professional students comprehensive quality, timely find problems and take appropriate measures to improve the quality of teaching is very urgent. （二）用人单位的需求与学生能力的矛盾(2) the employers requirements and the students ability of contradictions 从2008年到2011年职业学校俄语专业毕业生的就业情况看，毕业生

9、找到专业对口工作的初次就业率为70%左右，但是后因其专业能力不足，在一段时间之后大多数毕业生都会选择改变专业另找其它工作，而少部分从事本专业的学生在工作能力上达不到用人单位的要求，很多单位需要对刚入职的毕业生做长时间的“岗前培训”，增加了企业的用人成本，进一步加剧了企业用人与传统人才培养模式之间的矛盾。Russian from 2008 to 2011 vocational school graduates employment situation, the initial employment rate of graduates find professing work was about

10、70%, but because of its professional ability is not enough, after a period of time most graduates will find another other choose to change profession, and a small number of students engaged in this professional ability to work in shang da is less than the employers requirements, many units need to d

11、o to newly hired graduates pre-service training for a long period of time, increased the enterprise labor costs, exacerbated by the contradiction between the enterprise and the traditional personnel training mode of choose and employ persons. 仔细思考，我们在教学并没有真正从学生所从事的职业岗位出发，针对性地培养学生在实际工作工程中所需要具备的俄语应用技能

12、，也忽略了对学生创造能力、建构能力等各种素质能力的开发与训练。出现这些问题主要有以前两点原因：Think carefully, we in the teaching and has no real from students are engaged in professional, targeted training students to work in the actual engineering skills need to be in the Russian application, also ignore the creative ability of students, such

13、as the quality and ability of development and construction of ability training. These problems are mainly used to two reasons: 1、教学内容脱离实际1, the teaching content from the actual 目前，我们在教学上还依然以课本知识为主，而课本知识往往相对滞后于社会的发展，对于学生能力实践过程中俄语语言的运用能力的培养更是有所欠缺。教学环境一成不变，传统的固定教室与真实的工作环境差距很大，很难让学生感受到身临其境的语言环境，灵活的运用语言的

14、能力、提高口语交际的流利程度及应变问题处理的基本技能都受到了限制。At present, we still give priority to with textbook knowledge on teaching, and the textbook knowledge is often relatively lags behind the development of the society, the students ability to practice in the process of Russian language ability is lacking. Teaching envi

15、ronment change, the traditional fixed classroom and the real working environment gap is very big, it is difficult to let the students feel immersive language environment, flexible use of language ability, improving the fluency of oral communication and strain problems dealing with the basic skills a

16、re limited. 2、教师和学生自身的原因2, from the teachers and students themselves 在课堂教学中，教师仍然是教学的主体，教师讲，学生听，成为主要的课堂教学模式。班级人数多，在课堂对待每一个学生不可能面面俱到，让每个学生都有练到口语的机会。其实，教师作为课堂的组织者和引导者，应该合理安排课堂上讲和练的时间，将更多的时间交给学生练习，模拟真实的教学环境，设定情景，安排学生自主学习。In classroom teaching, the teacher is still the main body of teaching, the teacher

17、speaks, students listen to, be the main classroom teaching mode. Number of classes, treat each student in the classroom cant please everyone, let every student have opportunities to practice oral English. Actually, as an organizer of classroom teachers and guidance, practice time should make up reas

18、onable arrangement of the classroom, students will have more time to practice, simulate real teaching environment, set the scene, the arrangement of students autonomous learning. 二、基于工作过程进行改革的理论依据Second, based on the theory basis of the working process of the reform 工作过程是指企业的整个生产经营过程，强调各个工作部分之间的内在联系

19、的整体性，从这一视角出发，基于工作过程的课程模式是以职业工作过程系统化分析为特征，课程设计基于工作过程，以真实的工作任务或产品为载体进行课程整体设计，充分体现了工学结合的特点，是当前职业教育课程改革的主流方向。基于工作过程的课程不再只是专注于企业内某一工作岗位的职业知识与技能，而是把企业的整个生产经营过程纳入职业教育的视野，更加关注各个不同的工作部门在整个企业生产经营过程中所处的地位及所起的作用，这样就能使受教育者对整个组织内的工作过程有一个系统的了解，更加明晰自身在企业生产经营中承担的角色与任务，以及自身工作与其他人工作之间的内在联系，只有这样才能更好地完成自己的工作任务。基于工作过程的课程

20、设计不再是以传授学科知识为目的，应将学习过程、工作过程与学生的能力和个性发展联系起来，强调职业能力、方法能力和社会能力并举，实现理论与实践的完全融合，以较好地体现中职教育的本质。Process refers to the whole process of production and operation enterprises, emphasizes the integrity of the various internal relation between the working part and from this perspective, based on the working pro

21、cess of the curriculum mode based on professional working process systematic analysis for the characteristics of curriculum design based on working process, in real work tasks or products as a carrier for the overall design course, fully embodies the characteristics of work-integrated learning is th

22、e current mainstream direction of vocational education curriculum reform. Based on working process of the course is no longer just focus on the business enterprise inside a work of professional knowledge and skills, but the whole production and operation process of enterprise into vocational educati

23、on view, pay more attention to the work of the various departments in the whole process of enterprise production and business operation status and role, so that it can make the pedagogue to the whole work process within the organization have a system understanding, more clearly their own role in ent

24、erprise production and business operation and task, and the inner link between their own work and others work, only in this way they can better to complete their work tasks. Based on the working process of the course design is no longer taught discipline knowledge, for the purpose of learning proces

25、s, work process should be linked with students ability and personality development, emphasis on professional ability, method ability and social ability, realize the total integration of theory with practice, in order to better reflect the nature of the secondary vocational education. 三、基于工作过程的应用俄语专业

26、教学改革Three, based on the application of the working process of the Russian teaching reform （一）坚持“校企合作”的办学理念(a) adhere to the cooperation between higher vocational colleges of education philosophy 通过校企合作专业办学指导方向更明确。外语专业以培养学生实践能力为主线。因此，在课程体系设计中，基础文化课以够用、适度为原则；专业理论以实际、实用、实践、实效为原则，应大幅度增加实训教学，让学生在实际运用外语的过

27、程中提高语言交际能力和解决问题的能力。校企双方共同制定人才培养计划，共同组织教学，进行“一对一”式的培养。外语专业是一个基础学科，可以针对不同企业的要求，将学生培养成为外语导游人才、外贸人才以及涉外工作人才等等。聘请长期从事旅游外语教学和实践的专家及其他行业、企业技术部门负责人担任客座教授，定期或不定期请他们来校，指导学生和教师如何更好地用外语从事专业工作，指导专业课程改革、教学改革，参与制订指导性和实施性的教学计划，确保专业教学的前沿性、可实施性和市场化。Through the cooperation between higher vocational colleges and profes

28、sional schools more clear direction. Foreign language professional to cultivate students practical ability as the main line. Therefore, in the course system design, the basic cultural imposed a sufficient, appropriate for the principle; Professional theory with practice, practical, practical and pra

29、gmatic principle, should be a substantial increase practice teaching, let students practice a foreign language in the process of language communication ability and problem solving skills. University-enterprise joint personnel training plan, organized the teaching, the training of one to one mode. Fo

30、reign language professional is a basic subject, can according to different business requirements, students train to become foreign language tour guide personnel, foreign trade talents as well as foreign related work personnel, and so on. Hired experts engaged in tourism and foreign language teaching

31、 practice, and other industries, enterprise technology is now a visiting professor, head of regularly or not regularly have their prompt, guide the students and teachers how to better in a foreign language is engaged in professional work, guide the professional curriculum reform, teaching reform, pa

32、rticipate in the guidance and carry out the teaching plan, to ensure that the teaching of advanced, practical and market-oriented. （二）以学生为主体，实施行动导向的教学方法(2) take the student as the main body, the action-oriented teaching method 在课堂教学中以学生为主体，以项目引领、任务驱动来开展教学活动。在教学活动中，教师应不断强化学生的主体意识，使教学活动成为学生的内在需求而不是一种外

33、部的驱动。Take the student as the main body in classroom teaching, project leads, task driven to conduct teaching activities. In the teaching activities, teachers should strengthen the students subject consciousness, make teaching activities become students inner demand rather than an external drive. 在教学

34、上，以工作过程为主线，模拟实际工作过程按来设计教学环节，突出工作过程在课程框架中的主线地位，按照工作过程的需要来选择知识，以工作任务为中心整合理论与实践，为学生提供体验完整工作过程的学习机会。On teaching, in order to process as the main line, simulate the actual working process according to design the teaching link, highlight the working process in the main position in the curriculum framework

35、 and in accordance with the working process of the need to choose knowledge, work task centered integration of theory with practice, experience the complete working process of the learning opportunities for students. 以工作为导向的教学实施完成后，要对学生建立基于工作过程的课程教学考核。改革原有以期末考试成绩为主的考试成绩评定方式，加强学习过程考核，对专业能力、方法能力、社会能力进

36、行综合评价。在考核形式上采取学生自评、团队互评相结合，校内老师评价与企业、社会评价相结合，注重学习过程的质量评价，发挥评价促学习、评价促提高的正面激励作用，促进学生能力提升。After implementing the work oriented teaching to students based on the working process of the teaching of the course assessment. Reform of the original evaluation way is given priority to with the final exam exam

37、results, strengthen the assessment of the learning process, professional ability, method ability and social ability for comprehensive evaluation. In the inspection form to student self-evaluation, group mutual combination of school and enterprise, combination of social evaluation, teacher evaluation

38、 focused on the quality of the learning process evaluation, evaluation to promote learning, promoting the positive incentive effect, improve the evaluation to promote students ability promotion. （三）进行“工学结合”的教学改革(3) the work-integrated learning teaching reform 通过系统的基于工作工程的环境模拟学习后，应安排学生进入到企业中进行顶岗实习和综合

39、实训。实行“三学期制”，正常教学任务在前两个学期完成，第三学期为一个半月，学生可以根据自己的意愿去不同的企业实习。这样既不耽误学生完成正常的学业（包括专业理论学习和基本专业技能训练），又可以使学生在企业得到很好的锻炼，进行相关技能的培训。通过到企业顶岗实习，让学生熟悉经贸公司和旅游公司的实际工作流程，感受企业文化，了解所在企业及单位对于知识的需求，为就业奠定良好的基础。这种模式下培养的学生，在学习中能过变“被动”为“主动”，端正了学习态度；还显示出极强的岗位适应能力，很快就能完成由学生到外语导游或是翻译的角色转换，缩短了由学校人到社会人的转变周期。这是我们专业现在广泛采用的一种模式。Learn

40、 by environmental simulation system based on the work of engineering, a student should be assigned into the enterprise in the field work and comprehensive training. Implement the three semester system, normal teaching task in the first two semesters, for a month and a half the third semester, studen

41、ts can according to their own intend to different enterprise practice. Already so dont delay the student complete normal education (including professional theoretical study and the basic professional skill training, and can make the students in the enterprise to obtain the very good exercise, traini

42、ng of relevant skills. Through to the enterprise field work, let the students be familiar with the economic and trade and tourism companies the actual working process, feel the corporate culture, understand the demand for knowledge in the enterprise and unit, for employment to lay the good foundatio

43、n. This mode to cultivate students, after learning can become passive to active, the learning attitude; Also showed strong ability to adapt, can quickly finish from students to foreign language tour guide role conversion or translation, shortened by the school to social transformation period. This i

44、s our professional now widely used in a model. 四、结语Four, conclusion 现阶段高职院校外语教学须突出能力本位教育的思想，高职外语教学应全面进行改革，由原来相对“统一型”转变为专业和市场“适应型”，结合岗位工作任务，分析专业能力、方法能力和社会能力，制定工学结合的课程标准，开发工学结合的教学资源，建设校内具有能拟真实语言环境、工作环境一体化教室和校外实习基地，建设网络课程，实行学习资源、实训场地开放，全面提高学生职业能力。这些都需要教师在教改过程中，坚持以观念改革为先导，以能力培养为核心，努力去探索以形成适应社会需求、具有特色的高职

45、大学英语人才培养实施方案。At present higher vocational education colleges and universities foreign language teaching should highlight the ability standard thought, foreign language teaching reform should be comprehensive, from relatively unified into professional and market adaptive, combining with the working t

46、asks, analysis of professional ability, method ability and social ability, formulates the work-integrated learning course standard, develop the teaching resources of work-integrated learning, construction of the campus has a quasi real language environment, work environment integration practice outs

47、ide the classroom and base, construction of network course, learning resources and training venues and opening up, comprehensively improve students professional ability. These all need teachers in the process of educational reform, insisted on the priority of reform ideas, ability training as the core, trying to explore to form to adapt to the needs of society, has the characteristics of higher vocational college English talent training scheme.