非言语交际文化Cultures in Non-verbal Communication.docx

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1、非言语交际文化Cultures in Non-verbal CommunicationAbstractPeople usually rely on languages to communicate to express their thought or to transmit the information But there exists another means to convey the information during humans communication thats non-verbal communication which is an ancient and conve

2、nient form It is necessary to employ non-verbal communication to express vividly during information transmission and thought and feeling exchanging People usually use different parts of the body to convey the message and exchange their ideas This is so called non-verbal communication which includes

3、gestures posture facial expression distance between speakers clothes of communicators and so on Body language differs from culture to culture therefore body language in different countries means differently So it is necessary to understand the relationship between non-verbal communication and cultur

4、e clearly in the cross-cultural communication In this paper the writer analyzes certain types of body language such as distance communications occurs physical contact eye contact smile and laughter and so on and then explore application of body language such as greetings signs of affection physical

5、contact and so forth finally the writer makes a comparative study between Chinese and American body languageKey Wordscross-culture non-verbal communication body language culture differences 摘要人类进行交流表达思想传递信息主要依靠语言手段但是人类传递信息还有一种更有古老和更方便的形式即非语言交流手段人们在传递信息交流思想感情时如仅使用文字或言语有时不够生动形象因而这时就需要非语言交际人们利用身体各部分来传递

6、信息交流思想它包括手势姿态面部表情交谈者之间的距离谈话者选择衣着打扮的方法所传递的信息等等肢体语言是随文化的改变而改变因而不同国家的身势语所表达的意思不一定都相同所以在跨文化交际中要清楚地认识非语言交际与文化之间的关系在本文中作者分析某些类型的肢体语言例如交流距离的出现 身体接触 眼神接触微笑和大笑等等 然后探索运用肢体语言如问候表达感情 身体接触等等 最后作者就中美两国的肢体语言的异同进行比较研究关键词跨文化 非语言交际 肢体语言 文化差异 IntroductionWith the rapid development of modern science and economy globali

7、zation has become a major trend in the world today Everyones necessity depends on the entire world People from different cultures have urgent needs to exchange and communicate with one another and mutual understanding and communication from different cultures and regions help to open self to open so

8、ciety and to realize the peoples need Hence cross-cultural communication will become a very common social activity However generally speaking differences cultures bring great difficulties to mutual understanding and smoking the calumet together among the people from different cultures and sometimes

9、they will result in unnecessary losses Therefore people from different cultures usually feel strange although they are standing shoulder by shoulder That is what we call the cross-cultural communication barriers These barriers of course include the barriers in language A same time we know sign langu

10、age code system is only part of the culture and non-verbal behavior Samovar 1981 plays an important role in cross-cultural communication Non-verbal communication is most likely caused some misunderstanding and conflict So during cross-culture commission about non-verbal behavior in cross-culture com

11、mission are paid more and more attention to In fact when people communicate with others it is not only by means of language but also by non-verbal behaviorBi 1999 The Necessity of Studying Body LanguageLanguage as a communicative tool is not only the carrier of culture but also an integral part of c

12、ulture The language reflects the prism of different nations different culture lifestyle ideas religious rituals values and thinking habits Each language including body language and vice language bears a cultural mission followed by sticky layer culture Communication is the main means of human contac

13、ts But the non-verbal communication is often closely linked with the former set to make the communicative function Body language is an expression of ones inner world of silence and an authentic language but non-verbal means is of the most eye-catching The Important of Body LanguageBody language in c

14、ommunication plays an irreplaceable role in humans communications Psychology study found In the face-to-face communication between two people more than 50 of the exchange of information is achieved through a silent body language Body Language is an international one and different countries in the ca

15、se of language barrier can use body language to communicate It has been found that people with a daily average of speech only 10 of the time of the contacts communication with verbal language With people of their time are engaged in a subtle body language to communicate Sometimes the body language i

16、s enough to express all the information but rather redundant language As long as people feel that they are in the scope of one another body language channels of communication exist The so-called body language means includes those from the room eyes physical contact posture moves facial expressions a

17、s well as the non-verbal signals to the body As different culture has been deeply ingrained in their habits and accepts the opposite signal Therefore we should not overlook the impact of cultural binding on body language and the environment given differences in the different meanings In our conversa

18、tion the communication means is not limited to words although we are not aware of this point Our facial expressions gestures movements in other parts of the body can convey the message to the people around Lending a hand with a smile is to show the welcome frowning expresses dissatisfaction nodding

19、is agreement and waving means goodbye When listening to speech or report the body relies on to the back of a chair one yawn said ad nauseam is not interested It is generally accepted that these actions indicated above sense at least the Chinese and Americans are like this These actions are part of t

20、he means of communication Body language is a part of our culture However in a different culture the significance of body language is not exactly the same All ethnic groups have different ways of the non-discourse Therefore the effective use of English Communication in some language must be understoo

21、d by the speakers of gestures movements expressed the meaning of such behavior The Types and Application of the Body LanguageA Types of Body Language1 Distance CommunicationsWatch an Arab and an Englishman in conversation The Arab showing friendliness in the manner of his people will stand close to

22、the Englishman The latter will move back watching to the Englishman The Arab will then move forward to be closer the Englishman will keep moving backward By the end of the conversation the two may be quite a distance from the conversation the two may be quite a distance from the place where they wer

23、e originally standingHere distance between the two is the key factor Different people have different ideas about the proper distance between people conversing According to studies it seems there are four main distances in American social and business relations intimate personal social and public Int

24、imate distance ranges from direct physical contact to a distance of about 45 centimeters this is for peoples most private relations and activities between man and wife for example Personal distance is about 4580 centimeters and is most common when friends acquaintances and relatives converse Social

25、distance may be anywhere from about 130 meters to 3 meters people who work together or people doing business as well as most of those in conversation at social gatherings tend to keep a distance is farther than any of the above and is generally for speakers in public and for teachers in classrooms T

26、he important thing to keep in mind is that most English-speaking people do not like people to be too close Being too far apart of course may be awkward but being too close makes people uncomfortable unless there is a reason such as showing affection or encouraging intimacy But that is another matter

27、2 Physical Contact The appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures Figures from a study offer interesting insight into this matter Pairs of individuals sitting and chatting in college shops in different places were observed for at last one hour each The number of times that either one touched the other in that one hour was recorded as follows London 0 Gainesville Florida 2 Paris 10 San Juan Puerto Rico 180 These figures speak for