现代英语词汇学概论ppt课件.ppt

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1、我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH WORDSChapter Two1我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Content2.1 Morphemes2.2 Allomorphs2.3 Classifications of morphemes2我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到

2、愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Morphological structure of the word The internal structural of words and rule by which words are formed. A word is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning. Structurally, however, a word is not the smallest unit because many words can be separa

3、ted into smaller meaningful units. Words are composed of morphemes.3我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物2.1 Morphemes The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. The morpheme denotes the smallest

4、 units or the minimum distinctive feature of some class of things. A morpheme is also two-facet language unit which possesses both sound and meaning. One morpheme: nation Two morphemes: nation-al Three morphemes: nation-al-ize Four morphemes: de-nation-al-ize4我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但

5、是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物An allomorph (词/语素变体) any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. Different forms of the same morpheme. (An allomorph is one of two or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morpholog

6、ical environments.)caps, classes : -s (plural)-ion, -tion, -ation, -sion positional allomorphs of the same suffix 动词过去时态变化 ed, -ied2.2 Allomorphs5我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物2.3 Classifications of morphemes In general, there are two main types of classificatio

7、n of morphemes Free morphemes and bound morphemes Roots and affixes6我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物2.3.1 Free morphemes and bound morphemes Free morphemes A free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. Free morphemes have complete meanings in them

8、selves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences, i.e., free roots(自由词根). A free morpheme is a word, in traditional sense. E.g.: earth, wind, boy, bite, etc7我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Bound morphemes A bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a

9、complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. Inflectional elements and affixes are bound morphemes. they have attached meaning (un-kind, hope-ful) or grammatical meaning (cat-s, slow-ly, walk-ing, call-ed). They are also called grammatical morphemes.8我吓了一跳，蝎子是多

10、么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物2.3.2 Roots and affixes Roots, i.e., root morphemes A root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work, workable, worker, worked, and working Roots are either free or bound Free roots: I

11、n English, many roots are free morphemes, such as boy, walk etc. Free roots, just like simple words, belong to the basic word-stock. Bound roots: Quite a number of roots derived from foreign sources, especially from Greek and Latin, belong to the class of bound morphemes, such as tain in words like

12、contain, detain9我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 A root, whether it is free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word. E.g.: revive vital vitamin vivacious vivid each consists of the Latin root vit- or viv-, meaning “life” or “to live.” E

13、.g.: contradict, predict, dictate, diction, dictionary dict- conveys the meaning of say or speak- A knowledge of roots can help one to analyze and understand many words almost on sight. Knowing the meaning of these roots can help clarify the meaning of many English words.10我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放

14、在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Affixes Affix is a “collective term for type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.” Affixes, therefore, are considered bound morphemes. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.

15、According to the functions of affixes , affixes may be divided into inflectional(曲折词缀) and derivational (派生词缀) types.11我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Inflectional affixes Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional

16、, thus known as inflectional morphemes. For example: cats, walked, walking, Johns book An inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. It does not form a new word with new lexical meaning when it is added to another word.12我吓了一跳，蝎

17、子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Derivational affixes Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. They can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes(前缀) Suffixes(后缀) Derivational affixes have not only independent lexical meaning but also affective

18、 meaning.13我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 English words can be classified on the morphemic level: (1) simple words: a single morpheme (2) derived words: result of a derivational process, consisting of a free morpheme and one (or more than one) bound morpheme, e.

19、g., fruitless (3) compound words: those which are composed of two or more free morphemes14 Diagram of morphemes我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物SUMMARYMorphemeAllomorphsClassification of morphemesFree or boundRoot or affixesu Classification of words on the morphemic level Research question: 汉语中的语素/词素？词缀?15我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Review: about the morphemeGive the English or Chinese for the following and explain.blogflashgeekwikiwitkey博客闪客奇客/极客维客威客hackerdiggwalkerpodcastinggawker黑客/骇客掘客沃客播客搞客16