交通运输专业英语ppt课件.ppt
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1、Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part )交通运输专业英语交通运输专业英语交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part) 基本要求:基本要求: 通过本章的学习,使学生掌握内燃机的结构和工作原理相关专业英通过本章的学习,使学生掌握内燃机的结构和工作原理相关专业英语词汇及表述方法,使学生能流利阅读准确翻译相关语句,并掌握常用语词汇及表述方法,使学生能流利阅读准确翻译相关语句,并掌握常用英汉互译技巧。英汉互译技巧。 重点难点:重点难点: 流利阅读相关文献,准确翻译短句。流利阅读相关文献,准确翻译短句。
2、交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)New Words & Expressions:Self-contained 独立的独立的 compress vt.压缩压缩piston n.活塞活塞 crankshaft n.曲轴曲轴 crank n.曲柄曲柄carburetor n.化油器化油器 connecting rod 连杆连杆 rod n.杆,棒杆,棒rocker n.摇臂摇臂 rock n.岩石,摇动;岩石,摇动;v.摇动,摆动摇动,摆动rocker arm 摇臂摇臂pushrod n.推杆推杆 distributor n.分配器
3、,配电器分配器,配电器 distribute v.camshaft n.凸轮轴凸轮轴 cam n. valve lifter 阀门挺杆阀门挺杆 valve n.阀阀oil filter 机油滤清器机油滤清器 filter n.;v. oil pump 机油泵机油泵top dead centre 上止点上止点 bottom dead centre 下止点下止点交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)manifold n.化化歧管,支管,导管歧管,支管,导管 n.复印本,多种;复印本,多种;a.多种的;多种的;v.复写,增多复写,增多 e
4、g. manifold effect inlet n.进气,入口进气,入口inlet valve n.进气阀进气阀 induction n.引入,诱导,感应,进气引入,诱导,感应,进气exhaust v.;n.排出排出;排气排气(口口),废气废气 exhaust valve 排气阀排气阀stagger v.交错交错 bore n.孔孔 v. bore a holeventuri n .缩喉管缩喉管 jet n.喷嘴喷嘴throttle n.节流阀节流阀 depression n.降低,下降,衰减降低,下降,衰减pivot n.枢轴,支点枢轴,支点 vi,在枢轴上传动;在枢轴上传动;vt.装枢轴
5、于装枢轴于 tilt v.倾斜,翻转倾斜,翻转principle:原则,原理;准则,道义:原则,原理;准则,道义 principal:主要的,首要的:主要的,首要的 vacuum:真空,真空度:真空,真空度 revolution:革命,循环,周期:革命,循环,周期sectional:截面的,剖面的;部分的,局部的:截面的,剖面的;部分的,局部的交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)1 Principle of OperationvThe engine is a self-contained power unit which conv
6、erts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle.v发动机是一个独立的动力装置,它把燃料燃烧产生的热能转变成机械能,发动机是一个独立的动力装置,它把燃料燃烧产生的热能转变成机械能,从而推动车辆运行。从而推动车辆运行。vBecause fuel is burned within, the engine is known as an internal combustion (IC) engine. In the IC engine, an air-fuel mixture is introduced
7、 into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited. vintroduce:介绍,引荐;引进;输入,传入:介绍,引荐;引进;输入,传入v由于燃料在发动机气缸内燃烧,因此发动机被称为内部燃烧发动机。在由于燃料在发动机气缸内燃烧,因此发动机被称为内部燃烧发动机。在内燃机中,空气和燃油的混合物被引入一个封闭的气缸,在气缸内空气内燃机中,空气和燃油的混合物被引入一个封闭的气缸,在气缸内空气和燃油的混合物先被压缩,然后被点燃。和燃油的混合物先被压缩,然后被点燃。vThe burning of the fuel (combusti
8、on) causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crank-shaft.v燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升,燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升,而这快速上升的压力,通过活塞和曲轴转化而这快速上升的压力,通过活塞和曲轴转化成非常有用的机械能成非常有用的机械能。交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)vThe fuel may be ignited either by a spark
9、 or by compression giving rise to classifications of spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines. vgive rise to:引起,使发生:引起,使发生vgiving rise to: 得到得到结果(状语,直译:这样,从而,因此,使)结果(状语,直译:这样,从而,因此,使)vclassification:分类,分级,类别:分类,分级,类别v燃油可以由火花或者通过压缩点燃,从而分为火花点燃式和压燃式两种燃油可以由火花或者通过压缩点燃,从而分为火花点燃式和压燃式两种类型的发
10、动机。类型的发动机。vAn sectional engine view of a typical spark ignition petrol engine is shown in Fig.2.1, detailing the major components.vsectional:截面的,剖面的;部分的,局部的:截面的,剖面的;部分的,局部的vdetailing:详述,细说:详述,细说vcomponent:组成部分,零件,部件:组成部分,零件,部件v图图2.1为典型点燃式汽油发动机的剖面图为典型点燃式汽油发动机的剖面图 ,详细展示了发动机的主要部,详细展示了发动机的主要部件。件。交通运输专业英
11、语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)vThe four strokes of such an engine are shown in Fig.2.2. v点燃式汽油发动机的点燃式汽油发动机的4冲程如图冲程如图2.2所示。所示。vAt the beginning of the induction stroke (Fig.2.2a), the inlet valve opens and the piston travels down the cyli
12、nder from top dead centre (TDC) to bottom dead centre (BDC). v在进气冲程(图在进气冲程(图2.2a)开始时,进气门开启,活塞从气缸的上止点下)开始时,进气门开启,活塞从气缸的上止点下行至下止点。行至下止点。vThe partial vacuum created by the moving piston causes the air-fuel mixture to rush in from the inlet manifold and through the open valve, into the cylinder. vpartia
13、l:部分的部分的,不完全的不完全的;不公平的不公平的,偏袒的偏袒的 vacuum:真空真空,真空度真空度v活塞运动引起的不完全真空使空燃混合气从进气管经进气门冲入到气活塞运动引起的不完全真空使空燃混合气从进气管经进气门冲入到气缸。缸。vThe correct air-fuel mixture is provided by the carburetor. v精确的空气燃油混合气是由化油器所提供。精确的空气燃油混合气是由化油器所提供。vWhen the piston reaches the end of its stroke the inlet valve closes, sealing the
14、top end of the cylinder as both valves are closed.v第一个第一个end:终点,终了;终点,终了; 第二个第二个end:端面,端部端面,端部 v当活塞到达行程终点时,进气门关闭,因两个气门都关闭,气缸顶部当活塞到达行程终点时,进气门关闭,因两个气门都关闭,气缸顶部被密封。被密封。交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)vIn Fig.2.2b the piston is moving up
15、 the cylinder, compressing the air-fuel mixture between the piston and cylinder head to a very small volumethe compression stroke.vIs moving up the cylinder=is moving up in the cylinderv在图在图2.2b中,活塞在气缸中向上运动,将活塞与气缸顶部间的可燃混中,活塞在气缸中向上运动,将活塞与气缸顶部间的可燃混合气压缩成很小的体积,这就是压缩冲程。合气压缩成很小的体积,这就是压缩冲程。 vJust before TD
16、C an electrical spark, generated across the electrodes of the spark plug, ignites the air-fuel mixture.v在活塞到达上止点之前,由火花塞电极产生电火花点燃可燃混合气。在活塞到达上止点之前,由火花塞电极产生电火花点燃可燃混合气。velectrode:电极电极vFor good performance the timing of the spark must be closely controlled.v为了得到良好的性能,必须对点火时间进行精确的控制。为了得到良好的性能,必须对点火时间进行精确的
17、控制。 交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)vAs the mixture burns, the hot gas expands causing a rapid and extreme rise in cylinder pressure, to such an extent that the piston is forced down the cylinder and the connecting rod gives the crankshaft a powerful turning effort. This is the com
18、bustion stroke, also called the power stroke, shown in Fig.2.2c.vTurning effort:翻转力,回转力:翻转力,回转力vto such an extent that : 结果,甚至于结果,甚至于v随着混合气燃烧,热空气膨胀,气缸压力急剧上升,以致活塞被迫向气随着混合气燃烧,热空气膨胀,气缸压力急剧上升,以致活塞被迫向气缸下方运动,使连杆对曲轴作用一个强大的回转力。这就是燃烧冲程,缸下方运动,使连杆对曲轴作用一个强大的回转力。这就是燃烧冲程,也称为作功冲程,如图也称为作功冲程,如图2.2c所示。所示。vOnce the mi
19、xture has been burned it must be removed from the cylinder as quickly as possible. v一旦混合气被燃烧,它必须尽可能快地从气缸内排出。一旦混合气被燃烧,它必须尽可能快地从气缸内排出。vIn the exhaust stroke (Fig.2.2d) the rising piston pushes the hot gases and combustion products out of the cylinder through the open exhaust valve and exhaust system i
20、nto the earths atmosphere.v在排气冲程(图在排气冲程(图2.2d),上升的活塞将热空气和燃烧产物推出气缸,并通过排),上升的活塞将热空气和燃烧产物推出气缸,并通过排气门和排气系统将他们排到大气中去。气门和排气系统将他们排到大气中去。交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)vThis sequence of events is repeated continually, with power delivered to the crankshaft on only one of the four strokest
21、he combustion stroke. v这一系列的过程不断重复,而动力只在四个冲程中的一个这一系列的过程不断重复,而动力只在四个冲程中的一个燃烧冲程燃烧冲程中传递给曲轴。中传递给曲轴。vCrankshaft rotation continues through the other strokes due to the kinetic energy of the heavy flywheel which is connected to the crankshaft.vkinetic:运动的:运动的 kinetics:运动学运动学 kinetic energy:动能动能v因为与曲轴相连的较重
22、飞轮的动能,使曲轴能在其他冲程中持续旋转。因为与曲轴相连的较重飞轮的动能,使曲轴能在其他冲程中持续旋转。 vNote that the crankshaft rotates through two full revolutions for each four-stroke cycle and a spark occurs only once in the cylinder. vrevolution:革命,循环,周期:革命,循环,周期v值得注意的是,在每一个值得注意的是,在每一个4冲程循环中,曲轴旋转两周而气缸只点火一冲程循环中,曲轴旋转两周而气缸只点火一次。次。vIn a multicylin
23、der engine, power strokes of each cylinder are staggered so that power is delivered almost continuously to the crankshaft for a smooth operation.v在多气缸发动机中,每个气缸的做功冲程是交替进行的,这样动力就几在多气缸发动机中,每个气缸的做功冲程是交替进行的,这样动力就几乎可以持续不断的送给曲轴,使发动机平稳运行。乎可以持续不断的送给曲轴,使发动机平稳运行。交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Par
24、t)2 Mixture Supply SystemvFuel stored in a large tank, is fed via a pump to the carburetor. vvia:经过,经由,通道:经过,经由,通道v燃油被储存于一个大油箱中,通过油泵燃油被储存于一个大油箱中,通过油泵供给化油器。供给化油器。vThe carburetor (Fig.2.3) mixes the liquid petrol with filtered air on its way to the cylinders and in the process turns it into a vapor.v在
25、过滤过的空气通往气缸的通道上,化在过滤过的空气通往气缸的通道上,化油器(图油器(图2.3)将它与液态汽油混合,)将它与液态汽油混合,并在此过程中将汽油雾化。并在此过程中将汽油雾化。交通运输专业英语Lesson 2 Internal Combustion Engine (Part)vThe inlet manifold(Fig.2.4) directs the mixture to the cylinders. v进气歧管(图进气歧管(图2.4)把混合气导入气缸。)把混合气导入气缸。vThe ratio of air to fuel in the mixture delivered to the
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