中考英语总复习-第二篇语法专题10-动词时态和语态ppt课件.ppt

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1、专题专题10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态考点直击考点直击 【考纲解读考纲解读】考点考点课标要求课标要求命题预测命题预测动词的动词的时态时态了解动词的了解动词的8种时态，重点掌种时态，重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时及现在完成时这去进行时及现在完成时这6种种时态的基本构成及用法。时态的基本构成及用法。重点考查重点考查6种时态在语境种时态在语境中的运用。中的运用。动词的被动语动词的被动语态态重点掌握被动语态的用法及主重点掌握被动语态的用法及主动语态转换成被

2、动语态的方法。动语态转换成被动语态的方法。考查几种常见的被动语态考查几种常见的被动语态的应用。的应用。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态1 1动词的时态动词的时态1 1一般现在时一般现在时(1)(1)结构结构专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 结构结构谓语动词为谓语动词为be动词动词 谓语动词为行为动词谓语动词为行为动词肯定句肯定句主语主语am/is/are其他其他主语动词原形主语动词原形/第三人称单第三人称单数形式其他数形式其他否定句否定句主语主语am/is/arenot其其他他主语主语dont/doesnt动词原动词原形其他形其他一般疑一般疑问句问句Am

3、/Is/Are主语其他？主语其他？Do/Does主语动词原形主语动词原形其他？其他？专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(2)(2)用法用法表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与 seldom, seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, every dayoften, usually, always, sometimes, every day，on on SundaysSundays等时间状语连用。如：等时间状语连用。如： I go to school at seven every day. I go

4、 to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。我每天七点去上学。 专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示客观真理、科学事实。如：表示客观真理、科学事实。如：The earth moves around the sun.The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。地球围绕太阳转。时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：将来时。如： Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free Ill go sho

5、pping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。 (3)(3)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态种类种类 构成方法构成方法例词例词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加sworkworks；writewrites以以s, x, o, ch, sh结尾的词结尾的词加加eswashwashes；fixfixes 以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾的结尾的词词变变y为为i，再加，再加escrycries;

6、studystudies 动词第三人称单数形式的动词第三人称单数形式的不规则变化需特殊记忆不规则变化需特殊记忆havehas专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例1 1】 Although Bill isnt rich enough, he Although Bill isnt rich enough, he often _ money to the poor.often _ money to the poor.A Awill give Bwill give Bwas givingwas givingC Cgives Dgives Dgavegave 解析解析 C C前

7、句的时态是一般现在时，由前句的时态是一般现在时，由oftenoften可知本句表可知本句表示经常性动作，故也用一般现在时。示经常性动作，故也用一般现在时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态2 2现在进行时现在进行时(1)(1)结构：主语结构：主语am/is/aream/is/are动词动词inging形式其他形式其他(2)(2)用法用法表示目前正在进行的动作，常与表示目前正在进行的动作，常与nownow，at the momentat the moment等等时间状语连用。另外，当有时间状语连用。另外，当有listenlisten，looklook等提示词时，后面的等提示词时

8、，后面的句子常用现在进行时。如：句子常用现在进行时。如：Listen! She is singing in the next room. Listen! She is singing in the next room. 听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。 专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：We are going over the lessons these days. We are going over the lessons these days. 这些日子我

9、们在复习功课。这些日子我们在复习功课。趋向动词趋向动词come, go, leavecome, go, leave，flyfly等用现在进行时表将来。等用现在进行时表将来。如：如：They are leaving for England tomorrow. They are leaving for England tomorrow. 他们明天要去英国。他们明天要去英国。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(3)(3)动词现在分词的变化规则动词现在分词的变化规则种类种类 构成方法构成方法 例词例词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加ingplayplaying 以不发音字母以不发音字母e

10、结尾的结尾的词词去去e加加ingmakemaking 以重读闭音节结尾且末以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的尾只有一个辅音字母的词词先双写该辅音字母，再先双写该辅音字母，再加加ingrunrunningistopstopping现在分词的不规则变化现在分词的不规则变化需特殊记忆需特殊记忆diedying专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例2 2】 Mike, go and see who _ football Mike, go and see who _ football on the playground.on the playground.A Ais pla

11、ying Bis playing Bplays plays C Cplayed Dplayed Dwere playing were playing 解析解析 A A句意：迈克，去看看谁在操场上踢足球。根据句意：迈克，去看看谁在操场上踢足球。根据句意可判断踢足球这个动作正在进行。故用现在进行时。句意可判断踢足球这个动作正在进行。故用现在进行时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态3 3一般将来时一般将来时(1)(1)结构结构主语主语will/shallwill/shall动词原形其他动词原形其他主语主语am/is/are going toam/is/are going to动词

12、原形其他动词原形其他(2)(2)用法用法表示将要发生的动作或状态，常与表示将要发生的动作或状态，常与soon, next timesoon, next time，tomorrowtomorrow，from now onfrom now on等时间状语连用。如：等时间状语连用。如： Fish will die without water.Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。离开水，鱼就会死。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示表示“主观意愿、打算主观意愿、打算”用用be going tobe going to；根据迹象进行；根据迹象进行推

13、测也用推测也用be going tobe going to。如：。如：He is going to learn English next term. He is going to learn English next term. 他打算下学期学英语。他打算下学期学英语。Look at the black clouds! Its going to rain.Look at the black clouds! Its going to rain.看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例3 3】 The famous repo

14、rter we talked about just The famous reporter we talked about just now _ us a speech next weekend. now _ us a speech next weekend. A Agives Bgives Bgave gave C Chas given Dhas given Dwill give will give 解析解析 D D根据时间状语根据时间状语next weekendnext weekend可知用一般将来时。可知用一般将来时。故选故选D D。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态4

15、 4一般过去时一般过去时(1)(1)结构：主语动词过去式其他结构：主语动词过去式其他(2)(2)用法用法表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：His friend was at work yesterday.His friend was at work yesterday. 昨天他的朋友在工作。昨天他的朋友在工作。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与often, often, alwaysalways等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：等表示频度的时间状语

16、连用。如：We often went to work by bus last year.We often went to work by bus last year. 去年我们经常乘公共汽车上班。去年我们经常乘公共汽车上班。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(3)(3)动词过去式的变化规则动词过去式的变化规则种类种类 构成方法构成方法 例词例词一般情况一般情况直接加直接加edwatchwatched 以不发音字母以不发音字母e结尾的结尾的词词加加dlivelived；closeclosed以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结结尾的词尾的词变变y为为i，再加，再加edstudystud

17、ied 以重读闭音节结尾且末以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的尾只有一个辅音字母的词词先双写该辅音字母，再先双写该辅音字母，再加加edplanplanned stopstopped 动词过去式的不规则变动词过去式的不规则变化需特殊记忆化需特殊记忆keepkept 专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例4 4】 We _ Susan to the costume party, We _ Susan to the costume party, so she was very happy. so she was very happy. A Ainvite Binvite

18、 Binvited invited C Cwill invite Dwill invite Dare inviting are inviting 解析解析 B B句意：我们邀请了句意：我们邀请了SusanSusan参加化装舞会，因此她参加化装舞会，因此她很高兴。根据后句中的很高兴。根据后句中的waswas可知该句用一般过去时。故选可知该句用一般过去时。故选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态5 5现在完成时现在完成时(1)(1)结构：主语结构：主语have/hashave/has动词过去分词其他动词过去分词其他(2)(2)用法用法表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常

19、与表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与just, just, already, yet, ever, never, beforealready, yet, ever, never, before等时间状语连用。如：等时间状语连用。如：I have seen the film already. I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。我已经看过这部电影了。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与常与“ “ sincesince时间点时

20、间点”或或“for for 时间段时间段”等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。如：如：We have planted thousands of trees since 2000.We have planted thousands of trees since 2000. 自从自从20002000年开始，我们已经种了成千上万棵树了。年开始，我们已经种了成千上万棵树了。He has learned English for three years. He has learned English for three years. 他学英语三年了。他学英语三年了。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时

21、态和语态(3)(3)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时只是说明动作发生在过去，而现在完成时强调一般过去时只是说明动作发生在过去，而现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。如：过去的动作对现在的影响。如：I saw the movie yesterday. I saw the movie yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。我昨天看了这部电影。( (强强调电影是昨天看的调电影是昨天看的) )I have seen the movie. I have seen the movie. 我看过这部电影。我看过这部电影。( (强调已经看强调已经看过了过了) )专题专题

22、10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(4)(4)在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，要把非在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如：延续性动词变为延续性动词。如：I have had the book for two days. I have had the book for two days. 这本书我买了两天这本书我买了两天了。了。( (用用hadhad而不用而不用bought )bought )He has been in Beijing for two weeks. He has been in Beijing for two week

23、s. 他来北京两周他来北京两周了。了。( (用用been inbeen in而不用而不用come to)come to)专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化如下表：常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化如下表：have arrived/comehave been inhave lefthave been awayhave closed/openhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave marriedhave been marriedhave begunhave been onhave bo

24、ughthave hadhave borrowedhave kepthave joined/taken part inhave been a member of专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例5 5】 They say theres a supermarket nearby. They say theres a supermarket nearby. Yes, and it _ for no more than two weeks. Yes, and it _ for no more than two weeks. A Ahas been open Bhas be

25、en open Bopens opens C Cis opening Dis opening Dopened opened 解析解析 A A句意：句意：“他们说附近有一个超市。他们说附近有一个超市。”“”“是的，是的，它刚开了不到两周。它刚开了不到两周。”“”“forfor时间段时间段”与现在完成时连用。与现在完成时连用。openopen是瞬间动词，用是瞬间动词，用be openbe open替换，故选替换，故选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态6 6过去进行时过去进行时(1)(1)结构：主语结构：主语was/werewas/were动词动词inging形式其他形式其

26、他(2)(2)用法用法表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 when, while, from 9 to 11, at that timewhen, while, from 9 to 11, at that time等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。如：如：专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.昨天上午我一直在做作业。昨天

27、上午我一直在做作业。What was your father doing while your mother was What was your father doing while your mother was cooking? cooking? 你妈妈做饭时，你爸爸在干什么？你妈妈做饭时，你爸爸在干什么？专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例6 6】 What was your father doing when we What was your father doing when we were at the cinema yesterday evening?

28、were at the cinema yesterday evening? He _ my bicycle at home at that time. He _ my bicycle at home at that time. A Afixes up Bfixes up Bfixed up fixed up C Cwould fix up Dwould fix up Dwas fixing up was fixing up 解析解析 D D答语句意：他那时在家里修理我的自行车。答语句意：他那时在家里修理我的自行车。at at that timethat time常与过去进行时连用。故选常与过去

29、进行时连用。故选D D。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态2 2动词的被动语态动词的被动语态 1 1构成构成(1)(1)一般现在时：一般现在时： 主语主语am/is/aream/is/are过去分词其过去分词其他如：他如：English is widely used in the world.English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。英语在世界上被广泛使用。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(2)(2)一般过去时：主语一般过去时：主语was/werewas/were过去分词其他如：过去分词其他如：The

30、cake was made by my mother. The cake was made by my mother. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。(3)(3)一般将来时：主语一般将来时：主语 will be/is (are) going to bewill be/is (are) going to be过去分词其他如：过去分词其他如：A new school will be built next year.A new school will be built next year.明年将有一所新的学校被建立。明年将有一所新的学校被建立。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的

31、时态和语态(4)(4)现在完成时：主语现在完成时：主语 have/has beenhave/has been过去分词其过去分词其他如：他如：His key hasnt been found yet.His key hasnt been found yet.他的钥匙还没有被找到。他的钥匙还没有被找到。(5)(5)含情态动词的被动语态：主语情态动词含情态动词的被动语态：主语情态动词bebe过去分过去分词其他如：词其他如：It must be done now. It must be done now. 这件事必须现在就做。这件事必须现在就做。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态2

32、2用法用法(1)(1)不知道动作的执行者或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用不知道动作的执行者或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。被动语态。(2)(2)强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。3 3不能用于被动语态的动词及短语：不能用于被动语态的动词及短语：(1)(1)不及物动词及短语，如不及物动词及短语，如happenhappen，take placetake place等。如：等。如：An accident happened last night.An accident happened last night.昨晚发生了一起事故。昨晚发生了一起事故。专题专题10 10

33、 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态(2)(2)表示所属关系的动词及短语。如：表示所属关系的动词及短语。如：The car belongs to Mr. Wang.The car belongs to Mr. Wang.那辆车属于王先生。那辆车属于王先生。(3)(3)连系动词，如连系动词，如 feelfeel，sound, taste, smell sound, taste, smell 等。如：等。如：That sounds like a good idea.That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来是个好主意。那听起来是个好主意。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态

34、动词的时态和语态【典例典例7 7】 Whats the matter with Mary? Whats the matter with Mary? She _ by a car and sent to hospital. She _ by a car and sent to hospital. A Ahit Bhit Bwas hit was hit C Chad hit Dhad hit Dwould hit would hit 解析解析 B B答语句意：她被一辆小汽车撞了，被送进了医答语句意：她被一辆小汽车撞了，被送进了医院。强调动作的承受者用被动语态。故选院。强调动作的承受者用被动语态。

35、故选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态【典例典例8 8】 Can you sing this English song? Can you sing this English song? Of course, I can. It _ many times on the Of course, I can. It _ many times on the radio. radio. A Ataught Btaught Bhas taught has taught C Cis taught Dis taught Dhas been taught has been taught

36、解析解析 D Dit it 和和teachteach之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，排除排除A A、B B。又因为。又因为many timesmany times常与现在完成时连用，排除常与现在完成时连用，排除C C。故。故选选D D。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态考点过关考点过关( ()1. )1. 20142014安徽安徽Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _ a speech there in two days.He _ a speech

37、 there in two days.A Agives Bgives BgavegaveC Cwill give Dwill give Dhas givenhas givenC C根据时间状语根据时间状语“in two days (in two days (在两天后在两天后)”)”可知用一般将可知用一般将来时。来时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()2. )2. 20142014安徽安徽As we all know, the Silk Road As we all know, the Silk Road _ China to the west in ancient t

38、imes._ China to the west in ancient times.A Aconnects Bconnects BconnectedconnectedC Cwill connect Dwill connect Dis connectingis connectingB B句意：在古代，丝绸之路把中国与西方连接了起来。根据句意：在古代，丝绸之路把中国与西方连接了起来。根据in ancient timesin ancient times可知用一般过去时。故选可知用一般过去时。故选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()3. )3. 20132013安徽安徽

39、I cant find David. Where is I cant find David. Where is he?he?He _ for tomorrows competitions at home.He _ for tomorrows competitions at home.A Aprepares Bprepares Bis preparingis preparingC Chas prepared Dhas prepared Dprepared prepared B B根据答语句意根据答语句意“他正在家里准备明天的竞赛他正在家里准备明天的竞赛”可知用现在可知用现在进行时。故选进行时。故

40、选B B。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()4. )4. 20132013安徽安徽Thanks to the Internet, Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _in a short time.different kinds of information _in a short time.A Acan be learned Bcan be learned Bhas been learnedhas been learnedC Ccan learn Dcan learn Dhas learne

41、dhas learnedA A主语是主语是informationinformation，是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，根，是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，根据句意可知选据句意可知选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()5. )5. 20142014合肥包河区二模合肥包河区二模Remember the first Remember the first time we met?time we met?Sure. You _ at the gate of our school.Sure. You _ at the gate of our school.A Astand B

42、stand Bhave stoodhave stoodC Cwere standing Dwere standing DstoodstoodC C根据句意可知第一见面的那个时刻根据句意可知第一见面的那个时刻“你你”正站在大门口，正站在大门口，故用过去进行时。故用过去进行时。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()6. )6. 20142014合肥包河区合肥包河区模模Give me a call as Give me a call as soon as you _ in Hainan.soon as you _ in Hainan.OK, I will.OK, I will.

43、A Aarrive Barrive Bhave arrivedhave arrivedC Cwill arrive Dwill arrive DarrivedarrivedA Aas soon asas soon as引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。故选故选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()7. )7. 20142014六安裕安区一模六安裕安区一模Is Mrs. Green going Is Mrs. Green going to attend the meeting tomorrow? to attend

44、the meeting tomorrow? Yes, and she _ to give a speech on how to Yes, and she _ to give a speech on how to protect the environment. protect the environment. A Ahas asked Bhas asked Bwas asked was asked C Cis asking Dis asking Dwill ask will ask B B专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()8. )8. 20142014安庆一模安庆一模

45、How clean Anqing city is!How clean Anqing city is!Yeah. Our city _ a lot in the past few Yeah. Our city _ a lot in the past few years. years. A Ahas changed Bhas changed Bchanged changed C Cchanges Dchanges Dwill change will change A Ain the past few yearsin the past few years常与现在完成时连用。故选常与现在完成时连用。故

46、选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()9. )9. 20142014安庆一模安庆一模Its said that Change Its said that Change Four _ into space next year. Four _ into space next year. Great. It shows our country is becoming stronger Great. It shows our country is becoming stronger and stronger. and stronger. A Awill be sent

47、up Bwill be sent up Bis sent up is sent up C Cwill send up Dwill send up Dsent up sent up A A强调动作的承受者用被动语态。根据时间状语强调动作的承受者用被动语态。根据时间状语next yearnext year可可知用一般将来时的被动语态。故选知用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A A。专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()10. )10. 20142014阜阳九中中考模拟阜阳九中中考模拟Do you love Do you love reading Guo Jinmings novel

48、s? reading Guo Jinmings novels? Of course I do, but I _ them for a long Of course I do, but I _ them for a long time because Im always busy. time because Im always busy. A Adidnt read Bdidnt read Bhavent read havent read C Chadnt read Dhadnt read Ddont read dont read B B专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( (

49、)1. )1. 20142014赤峰赤峰The storybook is very The storybook is very interesting.interesting.I agree with you. I _ it twice already.I agree with you. I _ it twice already.A Aread Bread Bwill readwill readC Cam reading Dam reading Dhave readhave read语法专练语法专练D D专题专题10 10 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态( ()2. )2. 20142014

50、安顺安顺Why are you in such a hurry, Why are you in such a hurry, Mike?Mike?There _an NBA basketball game in ten There _an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.minutes.A Awill have Bwill have Bwill bewill beC Cis going to have Dis going to have Dare going to beare going to beB Bin ten minutesin ten minute