美国概况--英文介绍ppt课件.ppt

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1、 A General Survey of USAPart 1 General Introduction of USNational FlagNational Flag:The number of the stars50 stars represent the 50 states of America.13 stripes represent the first 13 states that used to be the colonies.Important Facts About USAFull country name: The United States of America (USA)P

2、opulation: 275,000,000 Area: 3,618,000 sq miles (9,370,000 sq km). The 4th largest in the world.Capital city: Washington, DC (pop: 607,000) People: Caucasian（高加索人，白种人） (74%), African American (12%), Latino (9%), Asian (3%), Native American (0.8%)Languages: English (official language), plus many seco

3、ndary language, chiefly SpanishReligion: Protestant (56%), Roman Catholic (28%), Jewish (2%), Muslim (1%)Government: Federal republic of 50 statesPresident: Obama GDP: US$9 trillionGDP per head: US$25,850Annual growth: 4.1%Inflation: 2.6%Major industries: Oil, electronics, computers, automobile manu

4、facturing, aerospace industries, agriculture. Major trading partners: Canada, Japan, the EU The longest river: Mississippi River, the longest in the world.The Great Lakes: (from west to east) Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, & Lake Ontario. Lake Michigan belongs to USA. The other

5、 4 belong to both USA & Canada.The famous Niagara Falls. The three most famous national parks are 1.The Rocky Mountain & Yellowstone National Park2.The Great Canyon of Colorado in Arizona3. Yosemite in the Sierra NevadaWashington D.C.The capital of the U.S.Washington MonumentJefferson MemorialLincol

6、n MemorialThe White HouseThe CapitolLibrary of CongressBostonthe State of MassachusettsIt is the earliest city established in the United States.It has many famous universities, such as Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Boston. It is full of European atmosphe

7、re.New York (the Big Apple)the State of New YorkThe largest city in both the U.S. and the worldSkyscrapers Empire State BuildingThe United Nations HeadquartersChinatownWall StreetGreenwich VillageCentral ParkPhiladelphiathe State of Pennsylvania Independence HallBetsy Ross HousePennsylvania Academy

8、of the Fine ArtsFranklin InstituteChicagothe State of IllinoisThe third largest city in the U.S.It has a nickname“The Supermarket of America”Sears TowerLincoln ParkHoustonthe State of TexasNational Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned SpacecraftThere are many famous corporations around the ci

9、ty, such as General Electric (GE) and International Business Machines (IBM).San Franciscothe State of CaliforniaIn the early days it was the place where Chinese people concentrated.Golden Gate BridgeThe largest Chinatown outside of AsiaLos Angeles (the Big Orange)the State of CaliforniaThe second la

10、rgest city in the U.S.HollywoodBeverly HillsDisneylandUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Different Parts of USThe Atlantic CoastThe central north-eastThe central areaFurther westThe south-westThe West CoastImportant MountainsThere are three major mountain ranges: the Appalachians in the eas

11、t, the Rocky Mountains in the west, and the Sierra Nevada along the border of Nevada and California. Appalachian Mts阿巴拉契亚山脉Rocky Mts落基山脉Sierra Nevada内华达山脉Important Rivers(National Rivers)1* Hudson River2* Mississippi River3* Missouri River4* Ohio River(International Rivers)1* Colorado River2* Columb

12、ia River3* Rio Granda4* St. Lawrence RiverPart 2 Political System of USAGeneral PrinciplesFederalismthe separation of powers respect for the Constitution & the rule of law.The Two GovernmentsPolitical PartiesDemocrats RepublicansSeparation of Powersexecutive (the President)legislature (Congress)judi

13、cialThe PresidentThe President is the effective head of the executive branch of government as well as head of state. With the President, a Vice-President is elected, & if the President dies the Vice-President becomes President for the unexpired part of the 4 year. The Congressthe Senate (elected eve

14、ry 6 years) the House of Representatives (2 years)The Party Policies, like the American one, tend to cause a nations politics to be dominated by competition between 2 parties.The 2 great American parties are Republic Party & Democratic Party.Famous Presidents: George Washington (1732-1799)Commander-

15、in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution & 1st President of the U.S. 1789-1797)Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)3rd President of the U.S (1801-1809) & author of the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin (17061790), American statesman, diplomat, scientist a

16、nd writer. He was born into a poor family in Massachusetts, and worked as printer apprentice in his youth. Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)16th President of the U.S. (1861-1865)Famous and admired because of his leadership during the difficult period of the American Civil War and the liberation of Negroes

17、 from slavery.Part 3 American HistoryThe Earliest Inhabitants20,000 years ago, American IndiansColumbus found the new continent10,000 years ago, the later Eskimosthe year 1000, the earliest EuropeansDiscoveryIn late 15th-century Europe, there was a great demand for spices, textiles and dyes from Asi

18、a. Christopher Columbus, a mariner from Italy, mistakenly believed that he could reach the Far East by sailing 6,400 kilometers west from Europe.English SettlementsThe first successful English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Of the first 105 colonists, 73 died of hunger

19、 and disease within seven months of their arrival.One group of English Puritans crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. A much larger Puritan colony was established in the Boston area in 1630.Colonial EraBy 1733 English settlers had occupied 13 colo

20、nies along the Atlantic coast, namely, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island, and Maryland. War of IndependenceApril 19, 1775, the American War of Independence began.May 1775, a second

21、Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. Thomas Jefferson drafted a Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Paris was signed in September 1783, in which Britain recognized the independence of the United States.The Declaration of IndependenceThe Constitution Civil WarTime: 1861-1865 Participants:

22、 the South (Democratic) and the North(Republican)Cause: Abraham Lincoln was elected as president The Preface: Lincoln was elected as President-1860年11月 South Carolina voted to leave the Union-the signal of the warThe eleven southern states form an independent nationthe Confederate States of America

23、(beginning)The process of the Civil War The NorthThe SouthPopulation2234万910万IndustryDeveloped Fewrailroads many Nearly zeroMilitaryN o t w e l l equipped Fully armed Influence of the warTwo achievements:realize the unification of the American nationEnd the slavery systemWestern MovementoTime : the

24、years following the end of the civil war in 1965 oPeople: miners oPurpose: seek for gold and silver oPlace:Rocky mountain region oFamous figures: hired horsemen- cowboys oResults: Indians are withdrew and buffalo were destroyed Progressive movementoCause: economy booming + prosperity spreading but p

25、overty coexist oMeasures: change policyn before1900 : laissez-faire n after1900: progressivismo Achievements: passing laws restricting child labor, protecting women workers, limiting work hours and providing worker men compensation o let the sleeping dog lieNew DealoEconomy circle: o lowest pointrec

26、overy-recessionprosperityrecession-lowest point o1929,10,24 Black Thursday, Great Depression broke out. oHoover oFranklin D.Rooselvelt oNew DealPart 4 American EducationStructure of American EducationEarly childhood educationGrammar school or elementary school (primary)High school (secondary)College

27、 and university (higher/tertiary education)Part 5 American HolidaysJanuary 1 New Years Day (新年）15 Martin Luther King Jr.s Birthday19 Martin Luther King Jr.s Birthday Observed February 12 Lincolns Birthday14 Valentines Day （情人节）16 Presidents Day22 Washingtons Birthday25 Ash WednesdayMarch 8 Internati

28、onal Womens Day（国际妇女节）17 St. Patricks DayApril 1 April Fools Day （愚人节）5 Palm Sunday10 Good Friday Arbor Day （植树节）11 Passover12 Easter （复活节）17 Orthodox Holy Friday19 Orthodox Easter22 Secretaries Day22 Earth DayMay 6 Nurses Day7 National Day of Prayer10 Mothers Day （母亲节）16 Armed Forces Day25 Memorial

29、 Day Observed30 Memorial DayJune 14 Flag Day （美国国旗纪念日）21 Fathers DayJuly 4 Independence Day （美国独立日）August 2 Friendship DaySeptember 7 Labor Day Grandparents Day17 Citizenship Day21 Rosh Hashanah30 Yom KippurOctober 11 National Childrens Day12 Columbus Day16 National Boss Day17 Sweetest Day24 United

30、Nations Day31 Halloween （万圣节前夜）November 3 Election Day11 Veterans Day （退伍军人节）26 ThanksgivingDecember 14 First Day of Hanukkah25 Christmas （圣诞节）26 First Day of KwanzaaPart 6 Questions in the Previous TEM-8 Test Papers2010The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South

31、of the U.S. was issued byA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.2009Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?A. Thomas Jefferson. B. George Washington. C. Thomas Paine. D. John Adams.2008According to the United States Constitu

32、tion, the legislative power is invested inA. the Federal Government. B. the Supreme Court. C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.2008Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.2007The Declaration of Independence was written by _.

33、A. Thomas Jefferson. B. George Washington. C. Alexander Hamilton. D. James Madison.2006The President during the American Civil War was _.A. Andrew Jackson. B. Abraham Lincoln. C. Thomas Jefferson. D. George Washington.2005U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) _ term.A. two-yearB. four-year C. six-yearD. eight-year