（SK）形容词和副词专升本英语语法综述ppt课件.ppt

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1、 adj & adv 形容词和副词形容词和副词General revision for grammar概念形容词形容词用于用于修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事表示人或事物的性质、物的性质、 状态和特征。状态和特征。 副词副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰修饰动词动词、形容词形容词、副词副词、短语或句子短语或句子。定语定语表语表语宾补宾补状语状语adj形容词形容词用于修用于修饰名词或代词，饰名词或代词，表示人或事物表示人或事物的属性或特征的属性或特征等等adv副词副词是用来说是用来说明动作或

2、状态明动作或状态的特征的特征,说明时说明时间，地点，程间，地点，程度等概念。度等概念。它它用来修饰动词用来修饰动词、形容词形容词、副词副词、短语或句子。短语或句子。形容词的用法及位置形容词的用法及位置adj 作定语作定语 p421.前置定语前置定语A difficult situation, efficient approach|way2. 后置定语后置定语:1）修饰不定代词修饰不定代词:something, anything, nothing, everythingNothing serious, anything special2) 某些某些a-开首的形容词开首的形容词:afraid, a

3、like, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, awake, awareHe is the only man alive.adj 作表语作表语 P401) 用在用在be之后之后.They are capable of doing the job. 2) 相当于相当于be 的动词之后：的动词之后：appear, seem, come, cook, die, fall, keep, lay,prove, remain, run, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, go, get, grow, become, turnremain calm,

4、 go hungry, fall asleep, come true, appear effective, die young3) 只用作表语的形容词：只用作表语的形容词：well, ill, content, fond, glad, likely, ready, sorry, sureHe is likely to see me today.This is a possible solution.The boy is ill/sick.The sick boy is lying in bed.ill news, ill wind, ill luckadj 作宾补作宾补You keep the

5、 classroom clean.Leave me alone, please.I find the book very interesting.adj 作状语作状语She came home sick.（伴随状语伴随状语）He went to bed, cold and hungry and exhausted.(结果状语结果状语)Eager to see her friends, she took a taxi home rather than ride a bike.(原因状语原因状语)常用的顺序为：限定词（these,those)+数量形容词（three）+描绘性形容词（beautif

6、ul）+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large,long,high）+新旧（new）+颜色（blue）+国籍（Chinese）+材料（wood）+用途(writing)+被修饰名词（desk）P42限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。（县官行令宴国才）all these last few days 最近的这些日子A light blue silk skirt一件浅蓝色丝裙the first/last two paragraphs最前/最后两段another three English books 另外三本英语书some beautiful little flow

7、ersan old brown woolen carpet副词的用法及位置副词的用法及位置adv. 作定语：作定语：主要为表示时间或点的副词：主要为表示时间或点的副词：here,there,in,out,up,down,below,above,upstairs,downstairs,now,then等等，这些副词做定语时应后置。，这些副词做定语时应后置。I bought something to drink on my way home.All the commodities(日用百货日用百货) here are made in Shanghai.It is quite fine today.

8、the air here is fresh.adv. 作表语作表语主要指主语的方位、方向、动作情况。常见的副词主要指主语的方位、方向、动作情况。常见的副词有：有：on, in, up, down, out, off, back, away,over等等The fire is on.Well be home at ten tonight. adv. 作状语作状语：可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副：可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或全句。词、介词短语或全句。 The room is quite small and dark.（修饰形容词）（修饰形容词） He worked out the pr

9、oblem very easily.（修饰（修饰副词）副词） He got on that train fortunately. Fortunately, he got on that train.（修饰全句）（修饰全句）beautifulbeautifullyseriousseriouslyadj & adv? She always looks _ .(美丽）美丽） She is always dressed _ (美丽美丽)He has got a _(严重严重) illness. He is _（严重）（严重）ill.widelybadlygreatvery English is a _

10、 (wide) used language. This soldier was _(bad) wounded.great/very This painting is of _ value. This painting is _ valuable. This meeting is of .(important)1.You cant sit on this newly bought chair_. A.comfort B.comfortable C.comfortably D.with comfortable2. The apple tastes _ and sells _ . A. well;

11、well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good3. Your answer sounds _ . A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting CCA4. There was a _ talk between the two teams last week. A.friend B.friendship C.friendly D.warmly 5. At the meeting, they kept _ all the time. A. silent B.silence C. quietly

12、 D.silencely 6. They all looked _ at the mistakes and felt quite _ . A.sad; sad B. sadly; sadly C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad CADlively, lonely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely, costly, brotherly7.Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. -Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or

13、 two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enoughC8.we decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavilyD9.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. openingA10.(02北京北京) It was raining he

14、avily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing A11.(03北京，春北京，春) - I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.- You can never be _ careful in the street.A. much B. very C. so D. tooDcan not (never) too 怎么怎么

15、也不为过也不为过12.(NMET00) Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially13. (01北京春北京春) In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. A. more B. other C. better D. anyDBother than 除了除了 14.(NMET2004全全国国) I dont

16、 mind picking up your things from the store. _ , the walk will do me good. A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. BesidesD15.(2004上海上海) Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. f

17、ormallyC16.(NMET2004天津天津) Mr Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up. A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardlyB17.(2004湖南湖南) Everyone was on time for the meeting _ Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yetC18.(NMET2003全国全国) Alien had to call a taxi bec

18、ause the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy muchA 形容词、副词形容词、副词比较等级的用法比较等级的用法形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级原级原级1. 肯定肯定 as (adv.) adj. / adv. 原级原级 as (conj.)2. 否定否定 not as (so) adj. / adv. 原级原级 as3. 倍数倍数 倍数倍数 as adj. / adv. 原级原级 as1. Mr. Sun

19、 speaks English as fluently as you .2. This building looks not so (as) high as that one.3. This room is three times as large as that one.原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级much/manyill/bad/badlylittle more most worse worst less least比较级比较级1. 构成形式构成形式 - ermore注意不规则变化注意不规则变化 good / well far better best farther farthest

20、further furthest误误more and more better正正 better and better2.用法用法A. 表示一方超过另一方表示一方超过另一方 “ 比较级比较级 than ”B. 表示一方不及另一方表示一方不及另一方 “ less 原级原级 than ”C. 表示表示 越来越越来越 “ 比较级比较级 and 比较级比较级 ”D. 表示表示 越越 越越 “ the 比较级比较级 , the 比较级比较级 ”E. 表示表示 倍数倍数 “ 倍数倍数比较级比较级 than ”3. 可以修饰比较级的副词或副词短语。可以修饰比较级的副词或副词短语。even, much, sti

21、ll, a bit, (quite) a little , far, etc.注意：注意：very 修饰原级修饰原级，much 修饰比较级修饰比较级，修饰动词修饰动词用用much 或或 very much.2.as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词 p45The building is as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall.The well is as deep as 130 meters.=The well is 130 meters deep.John is the tallest boy in the class

22、, as tall as five foot height according to himself.(2005,安徽）3.看似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语。as long as只要，有之久as far as到地点，就而言 as far as im concerned,.as soon as 一就as well as既又as good as(=very nearly)与几乎一样，几乎，简直I will work as (so) long as I live.只要活着，我就要工作。 The average cost of one day in a hospital inthat count

23、ry can run as high as $400.（高达）二、比较级1.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much,still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑问句），a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times等。The students study even harder than before.A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.by far通常用于修饰最高级。若修饰比较级，常放在比较级之后，若放在前面，其后应接“the+比较级”结构。He is

24、 taller by far than his brother.He is by far the tallest of all the boys.He is by far the taller of the two boys.2. “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.The longer you stay, the better (it will be).3.比较级

25、+and+比较级 “越来越”The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.4.the+taller（比较级）+ of the two+名词表示“两个中较的”The taller of the two boys is my brother.5.用介词by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches.=She is three inches taller than I.I missed the last train by one minute.4.同一个人或事物的两种性质的比较，用morethan结构。

26、P47more than后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求more后部分和than后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说不如说、是不是”等。例如：He is more dead than alive. 与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。She is more shy than unsocial. 她是害羞而不是不爱交际。She is more a singer than an actress. 与其说她是个演员，不如说是个歌唱家。The boy is more diligent than clever. 与其说这男孩聪明，不如说他勤奋。Dogs bark more f

27、or custom than fierceness. 狗叫主要是因为习惯，而不是生性凶狂。5.比较的对象不能相互包容，常见句型是：1）比较级+than + any other+单数名词2）比较级+than+all (the) other+复数名词3）比较级+than +anyone else4）比较级+than +any of the other+复数名词5）比较级+than +the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词.China is larger than any other country in Asia.The Mississippi River is longer than an

28、y other river in the United States.China is larger than any other country in Asia.China is larger than any country in Africa.He is taller than any other student in his class.He is taller than any of the others in his class. He is taller than anyone else in his class.He is taller than the others in h

29、is class.He is taller than the other students in his class.四、几组易混形容词、副词的比较1.too much, much too too much所要表达的是much（多）的意思； much too所要表达的是too（太）的意思。 The teacher gave us too much homework today. I am much too pleased to see you.2.so,such so作为副词，修饰形容词、副词；such作为形容词，修饰名词。但如果such修饰的是单数可数名词，且该名词又被其他形容词所修饰，即“

30、such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”可转换为“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”He is such a good teacher that we all like him.=He is so good a teacher that we all like him.当名词被many,much,few, little（注意：little作“少”，不作“小”讲）修饰时，应用so,即：so many/much/few/little+名词When learning to ride a bicycle, he got so many falls that he was black and blue a

31、ll mon,usual,normal, ordinarycommon表示“普通的，随时会发生或随处可见的，共同的”，与rare “罕见的，珍稀的”相反。usual表示“customary”,即 “惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm（规范，标准）同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special（特殊的）相反，意为“普通的，一般的，不特殊的”。Yesterday he got up earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day for himDont tell me about that! It

32、is a common sense.What is the normal body temperature?4.slight,weak,tender,softweak身体弱，无力气的，容易被击败的，功能不佳的，无说服力的slight不严重的，轻微的，细长的tender脆弱的，心肠软的，温和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔软的soft软的，光滑柔软的，（光线、色彩）柔和的，（风）温和的，（声音）轻柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇气的5.well,healthy两个词都可理解为“身体好”，但是well常表示短期的或暂时的身体状态，healthy表示较长时间的身体状态。-Are you feeling well?

33、-No, Im not feeling well now.They are healthy children. 6.fairly与 rather1)不定冠词 a可放在rather 前或后，但只能放在fairly前。a fairly good story a rather cold day/rather a cold day2)rather 通常含有“不适当”之意，而fairly通常含有“适当”之意。Its fairly warm in spring.Its rather cold today.3)rather可以和-ed形式、比较级或too连用，而fairly不能。My brother is

34、rather better today.This book is rather too difficult for thejuniors but rather too easy for the seniors.7.具有两种形式的副词英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义上和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。firm稳固地 firmly坚固地direct径直地 directly恰好，直接，坦率地free自由地、免费地 freely自由自在地flat平淡地 flatly直截了当地short突然（=suddenly） s

35、hortly不久even甚至 evenly平均地clean完全地、径直地 cleanly清洁地clear隔开、不接触 clearly清晰地，明显地close近 closely紧密地、接近地easy安适地 easily容易地dead突然地，完全地 deadly死一般地、非常 fair公平地，正直地 fairly相当地hard努力地 hardly几乎没有、几乎不most最 mostly重要地 right直接地，径直地、立即 rightly公正地、合理地、正确地(2)否定词not可放在nearly之前，构成not nearly的结构，意为“一点儿也不，相差甚远”，但没有not almost的结构。

36、She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.（她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。）（3）almost 和nearly都可用于表示极端之意的形容词前，但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。 That is an almost/a nearly perfect plan. 那几乎是完美之计。8.nearly,almost,hardly(1)almost可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配，但nearly却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any, hardly nobody来代替almost no, almost nobo

37、dy. Almost no one came to the party. Hardly anybody came to the party. You can find the meaning of almost any word here.The elderly need special care in winter,as they are_ to the sudden change of weather.A. sensitive B. sensibleC. flexible D. positive解析： (sensitivestrongly or easilyInfluenced or ch

38、anged by something易受影响的，敏感的 sensible明智的；合理的）ACorrect the mistakes:1. This box is more heavier than that one.2. Tom is the youngest in the three.3. He is taller of the two.4. Today is our the busiest day.5. I think math is very more difficult than Chinese.6. There are much more people in the street t

39、han usual.7. Mike is so tall as Jack.8. Li Ying jumped farther than Jim jumped.9. The Yellow River is the second longer river in China.10. We must get farther information._heavier_of_the taller_our_much _many_as_(did)_longest _further1.She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent

40、. A.as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as2.Of all the story books, I like this one _. Its not interesting at all. A. very much B. the best C. very less D. the leastAD3.-If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -Ok, but do you have _size in blue? This one is a bit tight for m

41、e. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger4.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _choice. A.good B.the best C.better D.the better BD5.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor. A.more B.much C.many D.most6.This story bo

42、ok is not interesting at all. -Well, Ill lend you _one, Ok? A.the most interesting B.a most interesting C.most interesting D.much interestingAB7.-Its so hot today. -It surely is. Its _yesterday. A.two degrees hotter than B.two degrees as hot as C.two degree hotter than D.as two degrees hot as A8.(20

43、03北京北京) Our neighbour has _ ours. A.as a big house as B.as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 9.He insisted that those who worked _ than anyone else should get _ money. A.harder, the most B.harder, most C.hardest, the most D.hardest, most BA 10.He is not _ as any of u

44、s, but he is brave enough. A.as a good player B.as good a player C.a player so good D.a so good playerB11.The harder you work, _. A. the greater progress youll make B. the greater youll make progress C. youll make the greater progress D. youll make greater progressA12.Professor White has written som

45、e short stories, but he is _known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the mostC13.(NMET2001全国全国) It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art asD14.Toms handwriting is better than _. A. any other s

46、tudents handwriting B.any students handwriting else C.any of the other students D.any student handwriting15.(00上海上海) Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largest B.that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largestADV-ed & V-ing1.(03北京春北京春) Mr.

47、Smith , _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring2. (03上海上海) It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interest B.interesting,be edC. interested; be ing D. ing; interestAD3._ that he didnt know w

48、hat do do. A. So excited he was B. So exciting he was C. So excited was he D. So exciting was heC4.(NMET2004上海春上海春) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhaustedB1.(NMET2004全全国国) Mary kept weighing herself to see how

49、much _ she was getting. A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviestA2.(NMET2004上海上海) He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. A.as fluent as B. more fluent than C.so fluently as D. much fluently thanC3.(NMET2004湖南湖南) That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul, Ive se

50、en _. What did you like most about the film? A. better B. worse C. best D. worstB 4.(NMET2003上海上海) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _ here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D.three times as muchD5.(NMET2003上海春上海