英语句子种类与类型ppt课件.ppt

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1、English Grammar Sentences 英语句子种类英语句子种类I、句子种类（按交际用途分）句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、 1、陈述句、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 eg:Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）注：注：1）凡陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词）凡陈述句中的谓语部

2、分有助动词be,have/has 或情态动或情态动can,may,must,will,shall等时，等时， 其否定式只需在它们后面加其否定式只需在它们后面加not即可。即可。 eg: Tom can speak English. Tom cannot speak English. I、句子种类句子种类2 2）如果陈述句中的谓语动词只是行为动词，）如果陈述句中的谓语动词只是行为动词，而没有助动词或者形态动词时，其否定形式而没有助动词或者形态动词时，其否定形式要在行为动词前加要在行为动词前加do/does not;do/does not;动词是过去动词是过去时，在动词前加时，在动词前加did n

3、ot,did not,后面的谓语动词用后面的谓语动词用原形原形。eg:They went to shool by bike yesterday. They did not go to shlli by bike yesterday.2、疑问句、疑问句 (Interrogative sentence) 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。反义疑问句。I、句子种类句子种类1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句 (General Questions) 以情态动词，助动词或系动词以情态动词，助动词或系动词Be开头的疑问句。开头的疑问句。 用来询问一件事，答案通常

4、是用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或或 no，注意语序。注意语序。eg:Does she like music? -Yes,she dose. 2）特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句(Special Question)以疑问词开头的疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句 疑问词疑问词who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。等。I、句子种类句子种类特殊疑问句由“疑问词加一般疑问句”构成。对主语提问时，语序与陈述句相同。特殊疑问句要根据问句的内容如实回答，不再用Yes or No 来回答。 Eg：-Who is the man over there? -He is our Eng

5、lish teacher.I、句子种类句子种类3）选择疑问句）选择疑问句(Alternative Question) 提出两种或多种情况，要求对方选择一种，结构是提出两种或多种情况，要求对方选择一种，结构是“一般疑问一般疑问句句+or+省略的一般疑问句省略的一般疑问句”，或用疑问词，或用疑问词which,whose等提问。等提问。回答时必须选其中一种情况回答，不能用回答时必须选其中一种情况回答，不能用yes or no回答。回答。 eg:1）-Is this a basketall of a football? -It is a basketball. 2)-Which is your bag

6、 ,the blue one or the yellow one? -The blue one.4 4）反意疑问句）反意疑问句（Disjunctive QuestionDisjunctive Question）：）： 表示提问者有移动的主见，但没有把握，希望对方来证实。表示提问者有移动的主见，但没有把握，希望对方来证实。 构成：前一部分是对实物的陈述，后一部分是省略型前一部分是对实物的陈述，后一部分是省略型的简单句。如果前一的简单句。如果前一 部分用肯定式，后一部分部分用肯定式，后一部分就要用否定式、否则就用肯定式。就要用否定式、否则就用肯定式。两部分的人称和时两部分的人称和时态要一致。态要一

7、致。回答：不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的就不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的就要用要用yes,yes,否定的就用否定的就用no.no.eg: -You are from USA,arent you ? eg: -You are from USA,arent you ? 你来自美你来自美国，不是吗？国，不是吗？ -No -No，Im not.Im from China. Im not.Im from China. 不，不是不，不是的。我来自中国的。我来自中国。I、句子种类句子种类4）反意疑问句）反意疑问句 （Disjunctive Question）： 1.Tom hardly knows Fr

8、ench, _ _?2.Mary didnt fail her exam, did she? -_, she didnt.3.You neednt come, _ you? You need to come, _ you?5.He used to live in Leeds, _ he? does heNo must dont didnt 3、祈使句、祈使句 （Imperrative Sentences） 用来表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等。说话的对象是第二人称时，you经常被省略。句末用句号或者叹号。I、句子种类句子种类1）祈使句的开头用动词原形。）祈使句的开头用动词原形。 eg: 请坐 Si

9、t down,please! 请关门 Close the door ,please! 2）祈使句的否定式在句首加）祈使句的否定式在句首加Dont,有时用有时用Never， eg: 不要把花放在桌子上 Dont put the flowers on the table. 再不要这么做了。 Never do it again 4、感叹句、感叹句 大多由大多由what 或或how引导的，表达强烈的感情如、惊奇、引导的，表达强烈的感情如、惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。I、句子种类句子种类1）How +adj/adv+主语+谓语！ eg: 这花儿多漂亮啊！ How beautiful t

10、he flowers are!2)What+a/an+adj+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ eg:好大的一个苹果呀！ What a big apple it is ! 多么有趣的书呀！ What an interesting book it is!I、句子种类句子种类3) What +adj+ 复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语 eg: 多么糟糕的消息呀！ What bad news it is !4) 在口语中，有时主语、谓语都省略，有时只用一个词或者一个短语，有时省略adj/adv. eg: 袋子真重！ What a heavy bag! 多好啊！ How nice! 真酷！ Cool! 他们

11、真能干！ How they work! II、句子类型（按句子结构分）句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句二、句子类型二、句子类型1、简单句、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。词或短语的句子。All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Dont be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black s

12、eems to be a spy.二、句子类型二、句子类型2、并列句、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;bothand,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also,as well as等来连接。等来连接。He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.Dont be late,

13、 for there is a meeting.Hurry up, or youll be late.He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.二、句子类型二、句子类型3、复合句、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句）名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、

14、时态呼应、语态引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语主语/表语表语/同位从句注意事项：同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态引导词、语序、语态。注意：注意：1、whether与与if的区别；的区别； 2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一 般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变 来的呢？来的呢？二、句子类型二、句子类型3、复合句、复合句 （2）定语从句）定语从句=先行词先行词+引导词引导词+其它。其它。引导词引导词的选用取决于：的选用取决于：1）先行词；）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；）先行词的修饰语；3

15、）引导词在定语从句中的成分。）引导词在定语从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.3、复合句、复合句(3)状语从句状语从句 即用作状语的分句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：可作下列状语：1、时间、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until, whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next

16、time;no soonerthan,hardlywhen ）；）；2、地点（、地点（where,wherever） ；3、方式（、方式（as,as if,as though） ；4、程度（、程度（asas, more than,sothat,suchthat） ；二、句子类型二、句子类型5、原因（、原因（because,since,as,now that,that） ；6、结果（、结果（,so that,sothat,suchthat） ；7、目的（、目的（so that,in order that,in case） ；8、条件（、条件（if,unless） ；9、让步（、让步（though

17、,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether） 。二、句子类型二、句子类型(3)状语从句状语从句二、句子类型二、句子类型3、复合句、复合句 并列复合句并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带即并列连词连接了带 从句的并列句。从句的并列句。English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who sp

18、eak Chinese.I dont enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. She was so surprised that she couldnt move.One day chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.In order to survive, chuck

19、develops a friendship with a volleyball he calls Wilson. / To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him.It is important to have someone to care about.He should have cared more about his friends.English

20、is a language spoken all over the world. / Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. / English has developed into a language most widely spoken and used in the world. The number of people who learn English as a foreign language is over 750 million.Businessmen and tourists often come to China without

21、 being able to speak Chinese. There is no quick answer to this question.Thats why the words are spelt differently in American English.Most of the time, people from the two different countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hote

22、l or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible r

23、oar. / Before she could think twice, the water was upon her. / Before they reached the house, a new great wave came. / We may be able to take measures before it is too late.Jeff and Flora looked at each others face with a look of fright.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must ha

24、ve been three meters deep.Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small. / Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible. / Knowing table manners in western culture will help you make a good impression. / Having good table manners means knowing how to

25、 use knives and forks and so on. Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.Minzhi wants to go to town, but she cant afford to buy a bus ticket.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigg

26、er than the ones beside them.Where there is a river, there is a city.We will do everything we can to save our city.I should be home in about ten minutes.I dont dare to use the phone in school, because they will take it away from me.The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing. / Her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.What we hear on the radio or see on TV is only a small part of all the wonderful music that is waiting for us.