虚拟语气课件ppt.ppt

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1、Book 6 Module Book 6 Module 5 5subjuctive mood2015.12Would you mind if I opened the door?I wish I had not done that.语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：气：陈述语气陈述语气，祈使语气祈使语气和和虚拟语气虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。还借助句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是

2、一一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (常用常用在名词性从句中在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He suggested we _(start) off early the next day.2.Its h

3、igh time you _ (go) there.3.She made the demand that she _ (leave) at once.4.How I wish I _(be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky!5.I would rather you _ (pay) me now.6.We insisted they _ (not be) present at such meeting.7.If only I _ (have) an apartment of my own now!8.John pretends as if he _

4、(not know) the thing at all, but in fact he knows it well.should startwent / should goshould leavewerepaidshould not behaddid not know 1. should + 动词原形的结构动词原形的结构 表示命令、要求、建议等意义的词有关的表示命令、要求、建议等意义的词有关的名词性从句名词性从句要使用虚要使用虚拟语气拟语气，即从句中的动词使用即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，或者将动词原形，或者将should省略。省略。 常见动词：常见动词： 一个坚持：一个坚持：

5、insist； 两个命令：两个命令：order, command 三个建议：三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 四个要求：四个要求：demand , require, request, ask ExerciseHer pale face suggested that she should be ill. So I suggested that she should be sent to the hospital, but she insisted that she should not be ill._ was_ was not注意：注意： 如如suggest, ins

6、ist不表示不表示建议建议 或或坚持要某人做坚持要某人做某事时某事时，即它们用于其本意，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持认为坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。2.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法1）wish /If only + 从句从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：would/could/might+V. 2）as if /though +从句从句过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时现在：过去：过去时过去时 (did/were)过去完成时过去完成时 (had done)3）would rather that -现在现在/未来未来:过去

7、：过去：过去时过去完成时4)Its high time +that -should +V.过去时过去时5)Would you mind if -过去时过去时a. ifa. if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的, , 采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b. ifb. if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的, , 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。If we have chances, we can have further cooperation.If I have another chance, I will v

8、isit China again.if if真实条件句用于真实条件句用于陈述语气陈述语气, ,假设的情况很假设的情况很有可能发生有可能发生, ,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if条件从句条件从句一般现在时一般现在时 主句主句will shall+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形What What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?I I willwill sleep sleep at home at home if it if it rainsrains tom

9、orrow. tomorrow.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的或几虚拟的或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的, 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句与与现在现在事实相反事实相反与与过去过去事实相反事实相反与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅别墅) for my parents.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反If I were the schoolmaster of Huimin No. 1 Middle school, I would let

10、the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反在此处插入图片 ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与 现 在现 在事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设 动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were) would ( should / might / could )动动词原形词原形1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅别墅) for my parents.2. If I w

11、ere the schoolmaster of Huimin No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.If the young man had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on tha

12、t island for four years.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反had got upcould have caught与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与 过 去过 去事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设had +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词1. If the yong man had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.2. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he w

13、ould not have been trapped on that island for four years.had got upcould have caughtwould ( should / might / could )have doneIf I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与 将 来

14、将 来事 实事 实 相相反 的 假反 的 假设设1、动词过去式动词过去式2、were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、should +动词原形动词原形would ( should / might / could )动动词原形词原形 If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. 总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与 现 在现 在事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设 与与 过 去过 去事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设与与 将 来

15、将 来事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设1、动词过去式动词过去式2、were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、should +动词原形动词原形 动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形had +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 would ( should / might / could )have donewould ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形（4+1）Exercises1.If everyone _ (know) first aid, many l

16、ives would be saved.2.If I had taken money with me yesterday, I _(repair) my watch .3.If you_ (come) tomorrow, I would go fishing with you.knewwould have repairedcame/should come/were to come1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. A. were; would B. was; will C. had been; would D. is; wi

17、ll2. You didnt let me drive. If we_ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt get B. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get Exercise AB3. If it _ rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will4.-Would you hav

18、e called her up _ possible then? -Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would beBA Exercise 5. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _. A. hadnt B.

19、 havent C. didnt D. dont6.You didnt take my advice, so you failed in the exam.（改为虚拟语气）（改为虚拟语气）AIf you had taken my advice ,you wouldnt have failed in the exam.7. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A.

20、wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenExercise nowin 1955A1. 1. 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句ifif虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与 现 在现 在事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设与与 过 去过 去事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设与与 将 来将 来事 实 相事 实 相反 的 假反 的 假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形I

21、f+主语主语+ 动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句（4+1） 错综时间虚拟条

22、件句错综时间虚拟条件句即：即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（ 从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）3).If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and I would be still living

23、 in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）Exercises1.If you (ask)Tom yesterday, you_(know) what to do now.2.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love with the library in my hometown

24、 at the age of seven. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall3.He would be a good sportsman now if he trained regularly.(改错）改错）had askedwould knowBhad1.What does the women think happen?A. That the man will not be able to sleepB. That someone will enter the back door w

25、hile the man is sleeping C. That the lock on the door will break2.What is the problem?A.The man cant drive. B. The party is over. C. They are lost.BCtext 1W: If I were you, Id be more careful about locking the back door at night.M:Dont worry,no one will break in.text 2 W: If you had listened to me,

26、wed be at the party .Move over. Ill drive.M:I was sure I knew the way there.Ill turn around.阅读理解阅读理解 The soldiers had been marchingThe soldiers had been marching（行走）（行走） up and down up and down in the square for an hour while their officer in the square for an hour while their officer shouted orders

27、,and they were all tired,hot and shouted orders,and they were all tired,hot and unhappy.unhappy. They were marching towards a big building when They were marching towards a big building when they suddenly realized that the officer had not left they suddenly realized that the officer had not left him

28、self enough time to give the order to turn round himself enough time to give the order to turn round or to stop,so they were going to match straight into or to stop,so they were going to match straight into the wall. The soldiers smiled happily as each of the wall. The soldiers smiled happily as eac

29、h of those in the front line decided at the same time to those in the front line decided at the same time to walk straight ahead. There was aloud noise as they walk straight ahead. There was aloud noise as they hit the wall one after another.hit the wall one after another. But before any of them had

30、 time to smile But before any of them had time to smile again,the officer shouted,If you men had been in a again,the officer shouted,If you men had been in a really straight line,I would have heard only one really straight line,I would have heard only one sound when you hit the wall.sound when you h

31、it the wall.1. The officer didnt change his order because _.A. he was looking in another directionB. he was angry with his soldiers and wanted to punish themC. it was too late for him to give another orderD. he wanted to test the soldiers sense of discipline(纪律意识纪律意识). 2. When he shouted,If your men

32、 had been in a really straight line,I would have heard only one sound when you hit that wall,the officer _. A. was,in fact,making an excuse for himselfB. was telling the soldiers that they hadnt obeyed his order strictlyC. was warning them not to drill so carelesslyD. was making fun of themCA时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去现在现在 将来将来虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气用于条件状语从句had donewould should +have done sthcouldmight助动词助动词 be用用 were 实义动词实义动词 do 用用 didwould should + do sthcouldmightdid / were should dowere to dowould should + do sthcouldMight