大学英语四级作文ppt课件.ppt

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1、试卷构成试卷构成1. 听力理解 35%对话和短文25%，复合式听写10%2. 阅读理解 35%仔细阅读25%，快速阅读10%3. 完形填空 10%4. 写作和翻译 20%写作15%，翻译5%总分总分710，425，550各部分的分值分布计算（百分制）各部分的分值分布计算（百分制）1.听力理解长短对话和短文 共25题，每题1分听写单词 共8题，每题0.5分，听写句子共3题， 每题2 分。2.阅读理解快速阅读 共10题，每题1分仔细阅读 Section A词汇阅读共10题，每题0.5分。 Section B篇章阅读共10题，每题2分。3. 完形填空 共10题，每题0.5分4. 写作 15分 翻译

2、共5题，没题1分 考试时间及流程考试时间及流程9:00-11:20 (考试时间125分钟，其余15分钟用于收发答题卡，听力试音9:00发答题卡1和答题卡2（答题卡1用于作文和快速阅读，答题卡2用于其他题型。9：10正式考试9：109：40 写作 （ 9：35发试题册）9：409：55 快速阅读9：5510：00 收答题卡110：0010：35 Listening Comprehesion10：3511：00 Reading in Depth11：0011：15 Cloze11：1511：20 Translation11：20 收答题卡2，考试结束大学英语四级考试作文评分原则和评分标准大学英语四

3、级考试作文评分原则和评分标准一、大学英语四级教学大纲对写作的要求一、大学英语四级教学大纲对写作的要求 共共1题，考试时间题，考试时间30分钟。要求分钟。要求考生写出不少于考生写出不少于120词的短文，试词的短文，试卷上卷上可能给出题目可能给出题目，或，或规定情景规定情景，或或要求看图作文要求看图作文，或，或给出段首句要给出段首句要求续写求续写；或；或给出关键词要求写成短给出关键词要求写成短文文。 要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是测

4、试学生运用英语书面表达目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。思想的初步能力。 二、评分原则二、评分原则 1. 检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则 2. 作文题采用作文题采用总体总体 (Global Scoring)评分方法评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分奖励分(Reward Scores)，而不是按语言点的错误数量扣分。，而不是按语言点的错误数量扣分。 3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。作文

5、应作文应表达题目所规定的内容表达题目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章。评分要考虑文章是否切题是否切题，是否，是否清楚而合适地表达思想清楚而合适地表达思想，语言错，语言错误误是否造成理解障碍是否造成理解障碍三、评分标准三、评分标准 1. 本题满分为本题满分为15分分 2. 阅卷标准共分五等：阅卷标准共分五等：2分，分，5分，分，8分，分，11分及分及14分。分。14分分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。别小错。 11分分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误

6、。但有少量语言错误。 Now more and more museums are free without charge to the public. Does that make any sence? Free admission to musuems helps us save money, but it also encourages us to go to museums to learn something else and get more knowledge. This contributes to improve the living level of the public.

7、It can certainly let us know more about our country and the world, which has a good effect on our development.8分分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中一些是文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中一些是严重错误。严重错误。 There is a interesting and instractive picture which goes like this: More and more museums are free

8、for people. They want more people go to museums. But some people argue that it make some trouble for free for people. The reason is the economy of the museums would be worse than before. Worst of all, it may take a mess for more people come to the museums.5分分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有

9、错误，切多数为严重错差。大部分句子均有错误，切多数为严重错误。误。 In order to enrich the culture of people, more and more musuems were provided free admissions. Somebody thought it would take some problems like that. The first, because of free admissions of Museums were attracted a large numbers of people who interested in all aro

10、und the world. And those who take part in effected the traffic crowed around the museums, even though affected people who live in next to the museum life2分分条理不清，思路紊乱，条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎。语言支离破碎。 Nowdays, Social appeared more more free Admissions to museums. its in order to people wasted money. In aditio

11、n, rich in peoples life and increase more knowldeges0分分-白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容无法看清无法评判；所写内容无法看清四四. 作文得分技巧作文得分技巧：1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚卷面整洁，书写清楚 2、 构思简单，少犯错误构思简单，少犯错误3、 中心突出，层次分明中心突出，层次分明4、 固定经典，名言注目固定经典，名言注目5、 重在变化，宁简勿滥重在变化，宁简勿滥 五五. 写作模版写作模版1）开头万能公式：）开头万能公式： 1 开头万能公式一开头万能公式一：名人名言名人名言 A

12、proverb says, “ You cannot burn the candle at both ends.（鱼与熊掌不能兼得鱼与熊掌不能兼得）” -适用于已记住的名言适用于已记住的名言 It goes without saying that（毋庸置疑，不言而喻） we have to make a choice because we cannot have things both ways.-适用于自编名言适用于自编名言 As everyone knows, no one can deny that 2 2 开头万能公式二开头万能公式二：数字统计数字统计 要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数

13、字来说明。 Accordingtoarecentsurvey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造编造 HonestyAccordingtoarecentsurvey, about 78% of the reasons for leave that the college students asked for are feigned. TravelbyBikeAccordingtoarecentsurvey, abo

14、ut 86% of the people preferred to ride a bicycle when they take a short-distance trip. YouthAccordingtoarecentsurvey, about 70% of the spare time of students are spend on entertainment in a certain university in the south.Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork?Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about98%ofpeopl

15、eagreedtoworkfivesdaysaweek.更多句型： Arecentstatisticsshowsthat 2) 结尾万能公式： 1 1 结尾万能公式一结尾万能公式一：作结论作结论 Obviously,wecandrawtheconclusionthat good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. To sum up, In conclusion, In brief,On account of this, Thus, it can be concluded that,Therefore, we can fi

16、nd that 2 2 结尾万能公式二结尾万能公式二：建议建议 Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 六六. . 写作的写作的“七项基本原则七项基本原则” ” 一）一） 长短句原则长短句原则 :在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短As a

17、 creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfythe intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 二）二） 主主 题题 句原则句原则: 要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头或者结尾，让人一目了然， 比较保险。To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully

18、 prepared before the exam. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三）三） 一一 二二 三原则三原则 考官们看文章必然要通过关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。 1）first, second, third, last 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3）the first, the second, the third, the last 4）in the fi

19、rst place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally 7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least 四）四） 短语优先原则短语优先原则 1）用短语会使文章增加亮点 2）关键时刻思维短路，凑字数 I cannot bear it.=I cannot put up with it. I want it.=I

20、am looking forward to it. 五）五）多实少虚原则（词汇的运用和替换）多实少虚原则（词汇的运用和替换）正确使用的情况下使词义更生动丰富，正确使用的情况下使词义更生动丰富，少用常见词，口语化词汇（少用常见词，口语化词汇（crazy,mad：insane） 走出房间，一般的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 姑娘走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room

21、smile (微笑) laugh (大笑) grin (露齿而笑) chuckle (暗笑) giggle (咯咯地笑) snicker (窃笑) guffaw (狂笑) roar (哄笑) chortle (欢笑) deride (讥笑) mock (嘲弄) jeer (讥笑) jest (取笑) smirk (得意地笑) 1. (people, persons) individuals, characters, folks2. (good) positive, favorable, rosy，promising，perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outsta

22、nding, superior3. (bad) dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 4. (some) a slice of, quiet a few , several5.(in my opinion )for my part ,from my own perspective 6. (helpful) beneficial, rewarding 7. (very) exceedingly, extremely, intensely 8. (sb. be interested in) sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a

23、 tremendous fascination on sb, take/suck in 9.(anger) indignation, wrath, rage, fury10. (cause) give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger六）六） 关系词选择原则：关系词选择原则：正确使用选择关系词，使文章正确使用选择关系词，使文章逻辑性更强，联系更加紧密逻辑性更强，联系更加紧密 1）并列（串联）并列（串联） 可以在任何句子之间加and I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以n

24、ot onlybut also： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折）转折The car was quite old,yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, butit was warm. 更多的短语： despitethat,still,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,despite,3）因果）因果then,therefor

25、e,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat,1.英语四级作文句型 表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that. 6)We have good reason to believe that.

26、 2.英语四级作文句型 表示好处 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us. 其他其他句型句型3.英语四级作文句型 表示坏处 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us. 4.英语四级作文句型 表示重要、

27、必要、困难、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life. 5.表示措施 1)We should take some effective measures. 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer) the difficulties. 3)We should do our ut

28、most in doing sth. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with. 6.英语四级作文句型 表示变化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications. 3)The computer has brought about many changes in education. 7.英语四级作文句

29、型 表示事实、现状 1)We cannot ignore the fact that. 2)No one can deny the fact that. 3)There is no denying the fact that. 4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5)However，thats not the case. 8.英语四级作文句型 表示比较 1)Compared with A，B. 2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striki

30、ng contrast between them. 9.英语四级作文句型 表示看法 1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that.Others argue that. 10.英语四级作文句型 表示结论 1)In short，it can be said that

31、 . 2)It may be briefly summed up as follows. 3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that . 11.英语四级作文句型 套语 1)Its well known to us that . 2)As is known to us，. 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that

32、 . 5)As a proverb says，Where there is a will，there is a way. 七）七） 句式多变原则句式多变原则(简单句，并列句，复杂句）简单句，并列句，复杂句） 独立主格独立主格 The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句宾

33、语从句宾语从句强调句，倒装句强调句，倒装句同位语同位语被动句被动句其他一些非谓语其他一些非谓语排比句，并列句，排比句，并列句，前提：前提：句子正确的情况下可使用复合句或其他复杂句，否则还是以简单句为安全保险文章主体段落遵循的两个方法：文章主体段落遵循的两个方法： 一、举实例一、举实例 To take as an example, One example is, Another example is, for example 二、做比较二、做比较 相似的比较： in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较： on the

34、 other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with , 常见写作错误常见写作错误一、主语错误一、主语错误 1. 主语缺失主语缺失In our country feels very free. People feel free in our country. 2. 非名词主语非名词主语1)Rich doesnt ensure a happy life. Being rich doesnt mean a happy life. Weal

35、th doesnt ensure a happy life.2)Keep two full-time jobs is simply impossible. Keeping two full-time jobs is simply impossible. 3. 主谓错位主谓错位 1)Reading books can acquire knowledge. People can acquire knowledge from books.2)Now peoples lives cant leave TV. Now people cant do without TV. 二、谓语错误二、谓语错误1. 多

36、重谓语多重谓语1)In our modern society, there are many examples around us show that many people are cheated. In our modern society, many examples around us show that many people are cheated. 2)Poverty makes many people cant study abroad.Poverty makes many people unable to study abroad. Poverty makes it impo

37、ssible for many people to study abroad. Poverty prevents many people from studying abroad.Many people cant study abroad because of poverty.2.非动词谓语非动词谓语1)Some people firmly agree, but others against it.Some people firmly agree, but others are against it.2)It is said that the place worths touring.It i

38、s said that the place is worth touring.3.主谓不一致主谓不一致1)I have to visit the teacher who teach me College English.I have to visit the teacher who teaches me College English.2)I use a disk because it hold plenty of data.I use a disk because it holds plenty of data.4. 时态不一致Nowadays，doing exercises were be

39、coming very popular.5. 5. 误用词组误用词组1)They insist on post-graduate study is very important for them.They insist that post-graduate study is very important for them.We should pay attention on the creative learning.We should pay attention to the creative learning.三、冠词错误三、冠词错误1)In my opinion, the future

40、of bicycle is very promising.In my opinion, the future of the bicycle is very promising.2) They suggest that we should choose only the good books to read and never touch the bad ones.They suggest that we should choose only good books to read and never touch bad ones.四、代词错误四、代词错误1. 偷梁换柱 If we cheat o

41、thers, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone.If we cheat others, friends will never believe us and they will leave us along. If you cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone.2. 指代不明 2)Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy

42、burden they have to bear. Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden students have to bear.五、形容词、副词错误五、形容词、副词错误 Surprising enough, he faces the failure very bravely.Surprisingly enough, he faces the failure very bravely.六、分词误用六、分词误用1) Comparing with other countries, China pay

43、s little attention to the energy problem.Compared with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem.2) Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewing through my camera.Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture

44、when viewed through my camera.七、修饰语误置七、修饰语误置Spoken English is an important part for learning English people.Spoken English is an important part for people learning English.八、垂悬修饰语八、垂悬修饰语1) Having carried out economic reforms in our country, peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Having ca

45、rried out economic reforms in our country, people have greatly improved their living standard.2)To tell my friend the good news, the letter was posted at once.To tell my friend the good news, I posted the letter at once.十、搭配错误十、搭配错误1) In the past the price of meat was so expensive that most families

46、 could not afford it.In the past the price of meat was so high that most families could not afford it.2) Crowded traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.Heavy traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.十一、破句十一、破句1) Nowadays, if you want to find a job. The

47、n you must pass the job interview.Nowadays, if you want to find a job, you must pass the job interview.2) First you should show good manners. Because the first impression you leave on others is important.First you should show good manners, because the first impression you leave on others is importan

48、t若从作文体裁划分，英文作文有议论文（Argumentative Composition）、记叙文（Narrative Composition）、描写文（Descriptive Composition）和说明文（Expositive Composition），等等。四级四级作文最常见的是前两种。作文最常见的是前两种。作文的种类 从考试的题型来看，则包括以下几种:1、提纲式作文、提纲式作文用英文或中文给出提纲，要求按提纲写作，目前来说，这种提纲经常是以三段的形式给出，又称三段式作文三段式作文，这是四级考试的主要形式。的主要形式。2、图表式作文、图表式作文包括表格式作文。这类作文要求考生用简洁、生

49、动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。这类作文在四级考试中只是偶然才只是偶然才会出现。3、情景式作文、情景式作文用中文或英文给出一个情景，让你自己去说明或评论。这类作文多见于六级见于六级考试之中。例:有些发明如电灯、火车、电机等，对人类极为重要。提纲式作文提纲式作文说明利弊题型说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 1 说明事物现状 2 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3 你对现状（或前景）的看法 1.现在越来越多的中国人开始庆祝西方的节日，如圣诞节，情人节等。2.有人

50、认为这有利于文化的交流，有人则担心这会导致传统文化的丧失3.在我看来 Nowadays _(现象）. Then, whether we should _( 遵循这种现象）has become a issue of discussion. Some people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First _（的优点之一）. Besides _（的优点之二）. But every coin has two